Mary Region
Mary
Mary Welaýaty | |
---|---|
Country | Turkmenistan |
Capital | Mary |
Area | |
• Total | 87,150 km2 (33,650 sq mi) |
Population (2022 census) | |
• Total | 1,613,386 |
• Density | 19/km2 (48/sq mi) |
Website | maryhakimlik |
Mary Region (
In 2000, Mary Region accounted for 23% of Turkmenistan's population, 19% of the total number of employed, 26% of agricultural production (by value), and 21% of the country's total industrial production.[3] The region's industries include natural gas extraction (the Galkynysh Gas Field), electric power generation, textiles, carpet weaving, chemical and food industry. In 2001 it accounted for 74% of Turkmenistan's electricity generation 26% of natural gas extraction.[4]
Agriculture in Mary Region is irrigated by the
Ancient
The capital of Mary Region is the city of
Administrative divisions
Districts
As of 9 November 2022, Mary Province (Mary welaýaty) is subdivided into 9 districts (Turkmen: etrapy; etraplar (plural)):[7][8][9]
- Baýramaly District
- Garagum District
- Mary District
- Murgap District
- Sakarçäge District
- Tagtabazar District
- Türkmengala District
- Wekilbazar District
- Ýolöten District
By parliamentary decree of 9 November 2022, two districts, Oguzhan and Serhetabat, were abolished and their land distributed to other districts.[7]
Municipalities
As of January 1, 2017, the province includes 8 cities (города or şäherler), 14 towns (посёлки or şäherçeler), 143 rural or village councils (сельские советы or geňeşlikler), and 329 villages (села, сельские населенные пункты or obalar).[9][8]
In the list below, cities with "district status" are bolded:
- Baýramaly
- Mary
- Murgap
- Sakarçäge
- Şatlyk
- Serhetabat (formerly Guşga or Kuşka)
- Türkmengala
- Ýolöten
Economy
Agriculture
Mary Province: area and production of selected crops, 2017–2019[10] | ||||||
area, thousand hectares | production, thousand tonnes | |||||
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
Cereals and legumes | 223.0 | 181.4 | 182.6 | 409.8 | 286.4 | 422.4 |
Cotton | 165.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 | 327.6 | 337.2 | 330.5 |
Vegetables | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 177.5 | 177.9 | 178.2 |
Industry
Mary Province: Production of selected industrial and processed goods, 2017–2019[11] | |||
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
Electricity, million kwh | 8,074.7 | 8,260.8 | 8,831.7 |
Natural gas, billion m3 | 20.6 | 24.8 | 26.6 |
Gas condensate, thousand tonnes | 45.7 | 47.4 | 42.7 |
Mineral fertilizers, NPK basis, thousand tonnes | 324.4 | 318.5 | 256.7 |
Bricks, million | 179.3 | 178.0 | 201.6 |
Cotton lint, thousand tonnes | 99.9 | 63.6 | 89.8, |
Wool, degreased, thousand tonnes | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Cotton yarn, thousand tonnes | 17.3 | 17.9 | 19.1 |
Cotton textile, million m2 | 43.6 | 46.0 | 47.2 |
Unrefined vegetable oil, thousand tonnes | 25.3 | 26.0 | 13.2 |
Flour, thousand tonnes | 168.0 | 176.6 | 173.6 |
History
Prehistory
Founding of Merv
Merv achieved some political spotlight in February 748 when
In the latter part of the 8th century, Merv became obnoxious to Islam as the centre of heretical propaganda preached by al-Muqanna "The Veiled Prophet of Khorasan". Present Turkmenistan was ruled by
Arrival of the Turkmen
In 1055 Seljuk forces entered
Mongols and Timurids
In 1157, the Seljuk dynasty came to an end in the province of
Khiva and the Persians
The invasion of the Khan of Khiva,
Lieutenant Colonel C.E. Stuart reported that in the 1830s the Teke tribe began to settle in the lower Murghab River delta near Merv, which, he said, they destroyed around 1855. From here the Teke extended their reach to
- ...a heap of melancholy ruins. There are remains of baths, and palaces, and ramparts crumbling around, with nothing living but snakes and jackals to be seen, or perhaps some wandering Turkoman looking out for his sheep...This is all that remains of Merv...[15]
O'Donovan also asserted that as of 1881
- The Turkomans of Merv have only been twenty-six years in the oasis. They formerly inhabited the district around Tejend river. They were driven from there twenty-seven years ago by the Persians, who objected to the neighbourhood of persons so disagreeable as to insist in carrying off Persian men, their wives, and daughters, and selling them at 5L per head in Bokhara.[15]
Russian Empire
Following Russia's defeat of the combined Ahal and Merv Teke army at the
Soviet period
Following the Russian Revolution, Soviet power was fully in place by 1924, when the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was created. The name "Merv" was changed to "Mary" in 1937. The region initially was directly under control of the Turkmen SSR government, but in 1939 Mary oblast' (Russian: Mарыйская область, Turkmen: Mary oblasty) was created. It was abolished in 1963, then re-established in 1970.[16]
References
- ^ "Turkmenistan: Regions, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000–2004, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005.
- ^ Social-economic situation of Turkmenistan in 2000, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2001, pp. 137–138 (in Russian).
- ^ Social-economic situation of Turkmenistan in 2001, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2002, pp. 107–109 (in Russian).
- ^ World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
- ^ Bonneville, Patrick and Hemono, Philippe. 2006. The World Heritage. Bonneville Connection, Quebec
- ^ a b "Постановление Меджлиса Милли Генгеша Туркменистана" (in Russian). Электронная газета «Золотой век». 10 November 2022.
- ^ a b Türkmenistanyň Mejlisi (2010–2018). "Türkmenistanyň dolandyryş-çäk birlikleriniň Sanawy". Türkmenistanyş Mejlisiniň Karary. Ashgabat.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) This document is reproduced online at https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Districts_in_Turkmenistan. - ^ a b "Административно-территориальное деление Туркменистана по регионам по состоянию на 1 января 2017 года". Archived from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
- ^ Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl (in Turkmen, Russian, and English). Ashgabat: State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. 2020. p. 67.
- ^ Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl (in Turkmen, Russian, and English). Ashgabat: State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. 2020. pp. 49–50.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv"" (PDF). whc.unesco.org. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ "History & Culture". turkmenistanembassy.org. Archived from the original on November 10, 2001. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ OCLC 45380435.
- ^ ISBN 0-905820-01-0.
- ^ "Столица и области Туркменской ССР". Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика (in Russian). Ashgabat: Изд-во Чувашского обкома КПСС. 1984. p. 486.