Representative
Maryland's 4th congressional district wraps around the eastern edge of Washington, D.C. , taking in most of Prince George's County and a small portion of Montgomery County . It is home to several racially diverse middle-class suburbs, including College Park , Fort Washington , Greenbelt , and Laurel . With a median household income of $80,808, it is the wealthiest black -majority district in the United States.[1]
Like much of the Washington metropolitan area , the 4th district is substantially influenced by the footprint of the nearby federal government . More than 22% of working adults in this district are employed in the public sector. The Washington Metro provides easy access into the nation's capital, where many employees make daily commutes. Various government entities also sit within the 4th district, most notably the United States Census Bureau and NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center . The University of Maryland, College Park —the state's flagship public institution of higher education—is another major presence.
Throughout much of the 20th century, the area within this district was predominately white. But as a thriving black middle class emerged in the region and laws eliminating racial discrimination in housing were passed, many African Americans opted to leave Washington for Prince George's County in search of a better quality of life. By the early 1990s, the county had become majority black, and today white voters comprise just 11% of the 4th district. Recently, the district has experienced large amounts of immigration from El Salvador , Guatemala , and Honduras in Central America, leading to the district having the largest Latino population in Maryland and one of the largest Central American populations out of any district.[3] These racial transformations have turned the district into one of the nation's most Democratic seats, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+40.[2] In 2022, Democrat Glenn Ivey was elected to represent it with 90.1% of the vote.
Recent statewide election results
Historical boundaries
Maryland's fourth congressional district was one of the about 50 original congressional districts. When it was organized in 1788, it covered
Harford County. According to the 1790 census, the fourth district had a population of 53,913, nearly 20% of whom were slaves.
[4]
In 1792, the fourth district was moved to western Maryland, with its eastern boundary being a north to south line running about the midpoint of Frederick County, Maryland . The new district had a population of 36,026, with less than 10% of the population being slaves.[5] The 1800 census population was 38,015, and the boundaries remained unchanged in 1802.[6]
Communities
Since 2023, the following communities have postal addresses within the 4th district.[7] [8]
Entirely within the district
Partially within the district
Recent elections
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
List of members representing the district
1789–1835: one seat
#
Name
Party
Years
Cong ress
Electoral history
District created March 4, 1789
1
Baltimore
)
Anti-Administration
March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791
1st
Elected in 1789 . Retired.
2
Baltimore
)
Anti-Administration
March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1793
2nd
Elected in 1790 .[data missing ]
3
Thomas Sprigg (Washington County )
Anti-Administration
March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795
3rd 4th
Elected in 1792 .Re-elected in 1794 . Retired.
Democratic-Republican
March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1797
4
George Baer Jr. (Frederick )
Federalist
March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1801
5th 6th
Elected in 1796 .Re-elected in 1798 . Retired.
5
Daniel Hiester (Hagerstown )
Democratic-Republican
March 4, 1801 – March 7, 1804
7th 8th
Elected in 1801 .Re-elected in 1803 . Died.
Vacant
March 7, 1804 – November 6, 1804
8th
6
Roger Nelson (Frederick )
Democratic-Republican
November 6, 1804 – May 14, 1810
8th 9th 10th 11th
. Resigned to become associate justice of Maryland's 5th judicial circuit.
Vacant
May 14, 1810 – October 15, 1810
11th
7
Samuel Ringgold (Hagerstown )
Democratic-Republican
October 15, 1810 – March 3, 1815
11th 12th 13th
Elected October 1, 1810 to finish Nelson's term .Also elected the same day to the next term .Re-elected in 1812 . Lost re-election.
8
George Baer Jr. (Frederick )
Federalist
March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817
14th
Elected in 1814 . Retired.
9
Samuel Ringgold (Hagerstown )
Democratic-Republican
March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1821
15th 16th
Elected in 1816 . Retired.
10
John Nelson (Frederick )
Democratic-Republican
March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823
17th
Elected in 1820 Retired.
11
)
March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825
18th
Elected in 1822 Lost re-election.
12
)
Anti-Jacksonian
March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827
19th
Elected in 1824 Retired.
13
Michael Sprigg (Frostburg )
Jacksonian
March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1831
20th 21st
Elected in 1826 Re-elected in 1829 Lost re-election.
14
Francis Thomas (Frederick )
Jacksonian
March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833
22nd
.
15
Baltimore
)
Jacksonian
March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835
23rd
]
1835–1843: two seats
From 1835 to 1843, two seats were apportioned, elected at-large on a general ticket .
Years
Congress
Seat A
Seat B
#
Name
Party
Electoral history
#
Name
Party
Electoral history
March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837
24th
16
Baltimore
)
Jacksonian
Re-elected in 1837
.
19
Baltimore
)
Jacksonian
Redistricted from the re-elected in 1835
. Died.
March 3, 1837 – April 1, 1838
25th
Democratic
Democratic
April 1, 1838 – April 25, 1838
Vacant
April 25, 1838 – March 3, 1839
20
Baltimore
)
Whig
Elected to finish McKim's term .[data missing ]
March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841
26th
17
Baltimore
)
Democratic
]
21
Baltimore
)
Democratic
]
March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843
27th
18
Alexander Randall (Annapolis )
Whig
]
22
Baltimore
)
Whig
]
1843–present: one seat
#
Name
Party
Years
Congress
Electoral history
Location
23
Baltimore
)
Whig
March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845
28th
]
24
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847
29th
]
25
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1851
30th 31st
]
26
Baltimore
)
Whig
March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853
32nd
]
27
)
Democratic
March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855
33rd
Redistricted from the ]
28
Baltimore
)
American
March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861
34th 35th 36th
]
29
Baltimore
)
Unionist
March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863
37th
]
30
Francis Thomas (Frankville )
Unconditional Unionist
March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1867
38th 39th 40th
Redistricted from the ]
Republican
March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869
31
Patrick Hamill (Oakland )
Democratic
March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871
41st
]
32
John Ritchie (Frederick )
Democratic
March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873
42nd
]
33
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1879
43rd 44th 45th
Redistricted from the ]
34
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1883
46th 47th
]
35
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887
48th 49th
]
36
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889
50th
]
37
Baltimore
)
Republican
March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891
51st
]
38
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895
52nd 53rd
]
39
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897
54th
]
40
Baltimore
)
Republican
March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899
55th
]
41
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901
56th
]
42
Baltimore
)
Republican
March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903
57th
]
43
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905
58th
]
44
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911
59th 60th 61st
]
45
Baltimore
)
Democratic
March 4, 1911 – October 5, 1932
62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd
Re-elected in 1930
. Died.
Vacant
October 5, 1932 – November 8, 1932
72nd
46
Baltimore
)
Democratic
November 8, 1932 – January 3, 1941
72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th
]
47
Baltimore
)
Democratic
January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943
77th
]
48
Baltimore
)
Republican
January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1945
78th
]
49
Baltimore
)
Democratic
January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1971
79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st
]
50
Baltimore
)
Democratic
January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1973
92nd
.
51
Marjorie Holt (Severna Park )
Republican
January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1987
93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th
]
52
Tom McMillen (Crofton )
Democratic
January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1993
100th 101st 102nd
]
53
Albert Wynn (Largo )
Democratic
January 3, 1993 – May 31, 2008
103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th
Elected in 1992 .Re-elected in 1994 .Re-elected in 1996 .Re-elected in 1998 .Re-elected in 2000 .Re-elected in 2002 .Re-elected in 2004 . Defeated in primary. Resigned.
1993–2003 [data missing ]
2003–2013
Vacant
May 31, 2008 – June 17, 2008
110th
54
Donna Edwards (Oxon Hill )
Democratic
June 17, 2008 – January 3, 2017
110th 111th 112th 113th 114th
Elected to finish Wynn's term .Re-elected in 2008 .Re-elected in 2010 .Re-elected in 2012 .Re-elected in 2014 . Retired to run for U.S. Senator .
2013–2023
55
Anthony Brown (Bowie )
Democratic
January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2023
115th 116th 117th
Elected in 2016 .Re-elected in 2018 .Re-elected in 2020 . Retired to successfully run for Attorney General of Maryland .
56
Glenn Ivey (Cheverly )
Democratic
January 3, 2023 – present
118th
Elected in 2022.
2023–present
See also
Notes
References
^ a b "My Congressional District" . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved October 5, 2023 .
^ a b "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List" . The Cook Political Report . July 12, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022 .
^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas" . statisticalatlas.com . Retrieved January 14, 2024 .
^ Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts, 1788-1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 8-9
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts . p. 42-43
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts . p. 93-94
^ "Find Your Representative" . United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 15, 2023 .
^ "Look Up a ZIP Code™" . USPS.com . United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 15, 2023 .
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1970" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1972" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1974" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 1976" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1980" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1984" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1996" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 2000" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 2004" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ Elections, Maryland State Board of. "2008 Special 4th Congressional General Election Official Results" . www.elections.state.md.us .
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 2008" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 2012" (PDF) . Clerk of the House of Representatives.
^ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for Representative in Congress" . Maryland State Board of Elections. December 2, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2015 .
^ "Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress" . Maryland Secretary of State. Retrieved December 9, 2016 .
^ "Official 2020 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress" . Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved December 14, 2020 .
External links
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