Mazovia
Mazovia
Mazowsze | |
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UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Primary airports | Warsaw Chopin Airport Warsaw Modlin Airport |
Highways |
Mazovia or Masovia (Polish: ⓘ) is a historical region in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok, with Warsaw being the unofficial capital and largest city. Throughout the centuries, Mazovia developed a separate sub-culture featuring diverse folk songs, architecture, dress and traditions different from those of other Poles.
Historical Mazovia existed from the
The borders of contemporary
Geography
Mazovia has a landscape without hills (in contrast to
In the north Mazovia borders on the
History
It has been suggested that this section be History of Mazovia. (Discuss ) (November 2023) |
Inhabited by the various Lechitic West Slavic tribes, Vistula Veneti[2][3] and with other people who had settled here such as the Wielbark people.[4]
Middle Ages
The historical region of Mazovia (Mazowsze) in the beginning encompassed only the territories on the right bank of Vistula near
During the 9th century Mazovia was perhaps inhabited by the tribe of
After the reunification of the Polish state by
Modern period
In the
In 1793 western Mazovia, and two years later the rest of the region were annexed by the
Since 1918 Mazovia has been a part of the resurrected Poland, being roughly equivalent to the
World War II
During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Mazovia was invaded by the German Army, and the Einsatzgruppen IV and V followed to commit various crimes against Poles.[5] The largest massacres were committed in Zambrów, Śladów and Zakroczym, in which over 200, over 300 and around 600 Polish prisoners of war and civilians were murdered, respectively.[6][7] On 25–29 September, the Germans handed over north-eastern Mazovia with Łomża and Zambrów to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.[8]
Under
The
In the winter of 1942–1943, the Germans buried some 300 kidnapped Polish children from another region of occupied Poland in the Łąck forests, after the children froze to death in a freight train.[9] Since 1943, the Sicherheitspolizei also carried out deportations of Poles including teenage boys from Płock and Łomża to the Stutthof concentration camp.[10]
Germany operated several prisoner-of-war camps, including Oflag 73, Stalag 319, Stalag 324, Stalag 333 and Stalag 368 with several subcamps, for Polish, Italian, Soviet and Romanian POWs in the region.[11]
The population of Warsaw decreased sharply as a result of executions, the extermination of the city's Jews, the deaths of some 200,000 inhabitants during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and the deportation of the city's left-bank population following the uprising. Some 40,000–50,000 Poles were murdered in the Wola massacre alone, one of the largest massacres of Poles. Shortly after the uprising, Adolf Hitler ordered German troops to destroy the city.
In 1944–1945, the region was occupied by the Soviet
Recent history
The rebuilding of the Polish capital was the main task of the postwar period.[12]
The Polish resistance remained active, with one of the last Polish anti-communist partisans, Stanisław Marchewka , killed by the communists in Jeziorko in 1957.[13] Particularly large anti-communist protest occurred in the region in 1976.
During and following the Korean War, in 1951–1959, Poland admitted 200 North Korean orphans in Gołotczyzna and Otwock in Mazovia.[14]
Those times
Culture
Mazovian dialect
The Mazovian language probably existed as a separate dialect until the 20th century.
Local cuisine
There is no specific regional cuisine of Mazovia. Formerly, dairy foods dominated the peasant cuisine. Nobles used poultry, geese, chickens and ducks. The most separate Mazovian culinary regions are Kurpie and Łowicz, where traditional dishes survive to the present day. In Kurpie, traditional dishes are prepared with ingredients collected in the forest: berries, honey and mushrooms. There are several traditional Polish dishes like flaki (tripes), kluski (noodles and dumplings), which are prepared in different way than in other parts of Poland.[20][21]
Economy
Tourism
Masovia also boasts 11 Historic Monuments of Poland:
- Romanesque Czerwińsk Abbey with the Basilica of the Annunciation of Holy Virgin Mary in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą
- Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas in Łowicz
- Baroque Nieborów Palace and park complex
- Wzgórze Tumskie (Cathedral Hill) with the medieval Płock Castle and Płock Cathedral, one of the burial sites of Polish monarchs
- Baroque Basilica of the Annunciation in Pułtusk
- Józef Piłsudski Museum at his former house in Sulejówek
- Historic city center with the Old Town, New Town, Royal Castle, Royal Route and Wilanów Palace in Warsaw
- Building of the Polish Ministry of National Education in Warsaw
- Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw
- Warsaw Water Filters
- 19th-century factory settlement in Żyrardów
Historical monuments elsewhere include the manor house in
Main cities and towns
The following table lists the cities in Mazovia with a population greater than 20,000 (2015):
City | Population (2015)[26] | Voivodeship in 1750 | Voivodeship in 2016 | Additional information | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Warsaw | 1 724 404 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Capital of Poland, former royal city of Poland.
|
2. | Płock | 122 815 | Płock Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Historical capital of Masovia, former capital of Poland, former royal city of Poland. |
3. | Łomża | 62 711 | Masovian Voivodeship | Podlaskie Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
4. | Pruszków | 59 570 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
5. | Legionowo | 54 231 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
6. | Ostrołęka | 52 917 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
7. | Skierniewice | 48 634 | Rawa Voivodeship | Łódź Voivodeship | Former private bishop town of Poland. |
8. | Otwock | 45 044 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
9. | Piaseczno | 44 869 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland, part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
10. | Ciechanów | 44 797 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
11. | Żyrardów | 41 096 | Rawa Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | |
12. | Mińsk Mazowiecki | 39 880 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
13. | Wołomin | 37 505 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
14. | Sochaczew | 37 480 | Rawa Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
15. | Ząbki | 31 884 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
16. | Mława | 30 880 | Płock Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
17. | Grodzisk Mazowiecki | 29 907 | Rawa Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former private town of the Mokronoski family, part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
18. | Łowicz | 29 420 | Rawa Voivodeship | Łódź Voivodeship | Temporary de facto capital of Poland in years 1572–1573, former private bishop town. |
19. | Marki | 29 032 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
20. | Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki | 28 287 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former private town, part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
21. | Wyszków
|
27 222 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former private bishop town of Poland. |
22. | Piastów | 22 826 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
23. | Ostrów Mazowiecka | 22 796 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
24. | Płońsk | 22 494 | Płock Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
25. | Zambrów | 22 451 | Masovian Voivodeship | Podlaskie Voivodeship | Former royal city of Poland. |
26. | Grajewo | 22 246 | Masovian Voivodeship | Podlaskie Voivodeship | Northernmost and easternmost town of Mazovia. It borders the regions of Podlachia and Masuria. |
27. | Kobyłka | 20 855 | Masovian Voivodeship | Masovian Voivodeship | Part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. |
Sports
Successful sports teams in Masovia include association football teams Legia Warsaw, Polonia Warsaw and Wisła Płock, basketball teams Polonia Warsaw, Legia Warsaw and Znicz Pruszków, and handball teams Wisła Płock and KS Warszawianka.
Gallery
-
Ciechanów Castle
-
Łowicz Cathedral
-
St. Jacob Church in Skierniewice
See also
- Świdermajer – an architectural style in the area
External links
References
- ^ Mazowsze: Obraz Etnograficzny, Volume 1, by Wojciech Gerson and Oskar Kolberg, BiblioBazaar, 2009 – 372 pages
- ISBN 3-476-01489-4
- ISBN 3-7001-3296-4.
- ^ J. Piontek et al. "Odontological analysis of central european populations from the Roman period and the Early Middle Ages". Humanbiologia Budapestinensis. 30. 2007. pp. 77–86. [1]
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 54–55.
- ISSN 1641-9561.
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 97
- ^ Boćkowski, Daniel (2005). Na zawsze razem. Białostocczyzna i Łomżyńskie w polityce radzieckiej w czasie II wojny światowej (IX 1939 – VIII 1944) (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii PAN. p. 45.
- Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 78.
- ^ Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
- ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ "Mazowieckie | province, Poland | Encyclopædia Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Grzegorz Makus. "Ostatni z Białostocczyzny. Ppor. Stanisław Marchewka "Ryba"". Muzeum Żołnierzy Wyklętych (in Polish). Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ISSN 0080-3480.
- ^ "Full text of "Historya Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Srednie wieki i odrodzenie. Z wstepem o Uniwersytecie ..."". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Felicyan Antoni Kozłowski (1858). Dzieje Mazowsża za panowania książat. Warszawa: Nakł. i druk S. Orgelbranda. p. 504.
jezyk mazowiecki.
- ^ Kopernikijana czyli materyaly do pism i zycia Mikolaja Kopernika. Gniezno, Drukiem J.B. Langiego. 1873.
- ^ Maciejowski, W.A. (1852). Piśmiennictwo polskie, od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830: z rękopisów i druków zebrawszy, w obrazie literatury polskiej historycznie skreślonym. Vol. 2. Nakładem i drukiem S. Orgelbranda. p. 327. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ "Mitteilungen : Literarische Gesellschaft Masovia : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Kuchnia Mazowsza i Kurpiów – Kuchnia Polska
- ^ Potrawy mazowieckie – Kuron.com.pl
- ^ "Mazowsze jest i będzie najbogatsze w Polsce – Analizy rynku – Forsal.pl – Giełda, Waluty, Finanse – forex, notowania NBP, surowce". forsal.pl. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Warsaw: Central Europe's Bourse to Beat – BusinessWeek
- ^ Warsaw makes bid to become Central Europe’s financial hub – Taipei Times
- ^ "Mazowieckie | province, Poland | Encyclopædia Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ "Lista miast w Polsce (Spis miast, mapa miast, liczba ludności, powierzchnia, wyszukiwarka)".