Mass media in New Zealand

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The mass media in New Zealand include

Discovery and Sky dominate the media landscape.[1] Most media organisations operate Auckland-based newsrooms with Parliamentary Press Gallery
reporters and international media partners, but most broadcast programmes, music and syndicated columns are imported from the United States and United Kingdom.

The media of New Zealand predominantly use

, and on community-owned and privately owned broadcasters.

Censorship

Press Freedom Index
puts New Zealand in the highest category for press freedom.

There is limited

press freedom, ranking it eighth-best worldwide in 2018,[2] up from thirteenth in 2017, and down from fifth in 2016.[3]

The country's libel laws follow the

considers complaints.

The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for Internet censorship in New Zealand and runs a voluntary filtering system to prevent Internet users from accessing selected sites and material that contain sexual abuse or exploitation of children and young people.[4][5][6] Internet censorship in Australia is more extensive, and New Zealand has refused to follow suit.[7]

Traditional media

Television

Television in New Zealand was introduced in 1960. Initially broadcasting from four separate stations in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin, television was networked nationwide in 1969. Colour television was introduced in 1973, and a second channel was launched in 1975. Provision was first made for the licensing of private radio and television stations in New Zealand by the Broadcasting Act 1976, although the first private television channel didn't launch until 1989.

Vodafone
. There are currently 20 national free-to-air channels, 24 regional free-to-air stations and several pay TV networks. Programming and scheduling is done in Auckland where all the major networks are now headquartered.

The first nationwide digital TV service was launched in December 1998 by

Sky Network Television, who had a monopoly on digital satellite TV until the launch of Freeview's nationwide digital satellite service in May 2007. The Freeview terrestrial service is a high definition digital terrestrial television service launched on 14 April 2008, initially serving Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Napier-Hastings, Palmerston North, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin
. This was later expanded to include more regions. Broadband television is currently operated from Vodafone, The Vodafone service includes all Freeview channels and allows customers to add Sky channel packages to their accounts, through a wholesale deal with Sky. High Definition programming is available from Freeview on terrestrial broadcast only and on Sky.

Radio

Radio New Zealand headquarters in Wellington.

New Zealand radio is dominated by twenty-seven networks and station-groups, but also includes several local and low-powered stations.

AM Network
.

Two companies have a staunch rivalry in the commercial radio market.

The Rock.[8]

Iwi Radio Network is funded by Te Māngai Pāho and the Pacific Media Network is predominantly funded by NZ On Air.[9]

Print media

The number of

serve the South Island.

Provincial and community newspapers, such as the Waikato Times daily, serve particular regions, cities and suburbs. Ownership of New Zealand newspapers is dominated by Stuff and New Zealand Media and Entertainment with Stuff (formerly Fairfax) having 48.6% of the daily newspaper circulation.[1] Local and overseas tabloids and magazines cover food, current affairs, personal affairs, gardening and home decor, and business or appeal to gay, lesbian, ethnic and rural communities.

In early April 2020, German media company Bauer Media Group announced the closure of several of its New Zealand brands including Woman's Day, New Zealand Woman's Weekly, the New Zealand Listener, The Australian Women's Weekly, North & South, Next, Metro, Air New Zealand's inflight magazine Kia Ora, and Your Home & Garden in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.[10][11][12]

Literature

CMS Paihia
to publish Bibles during the 19th century.

literature of New Zealand includes many works written in English and Māori
by New Zealanders and migrants during the 20th and 21st centuries.

Novelists include

Nikki Caro
film.

Migrant writers include South African-born

Samuel Butler stayed in New Zealand and set his novel Erewhon in the country. Karl Wolfskehl prepared works of German literature during a sojourn in Auckland. New Zealand's lively community of playwrights, supported by Playmarket, include Roger Hall
.

Film

Image shows rolling green hills with dwellings built in to them. These formed the town of "Hobbiton" in the Lord of the Rings films. These and other sets were constructed near the town of Matamata, in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.
A farm near the town of Matamata in the Waikato stood in for Hobbiton in the Lord of the Rings series.

The New Zealand film industry is small but successful, boasting directors such as Peter Jackson and Jane Campion. The cinema of New Zealand includes many films made in New Zealand, made about New Zealand or made by New Zealand-based production companies. Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy was produced and filmed in New Zealand, and animation and photography for James Cameron's Avatar was primarily done in New Zealand; both films are among the highest-grossing movies of all time. The New Zealand Film Commission funds films with New Zealand content.

Mainstream American, British and Australian films screen in theatres in most cities and towns. Some

Bollywood
screenings in many city cinemas. Asian films, particularly from India, China, Hong Kong and Japan, are widely available for rental on videocassette, DVD and similar media, especially in Auckland.

Modern media

Internet

Internet is widely available in New Zealand. There are 1,916,000 broadband connections and just 65,000 dialup connections, with almost every home having an internet connection.

fixed data cap. There are about 80 ISPs, with two of them having three-quarters of the market. The New Zealand Government is funding two broadband expansion initiatives, with the aim of providing fibre to the home of 75% of the population and bringing broadband to 97.8% of the population by 2019. International connectivity is mainly provided by the Southern Cross Cable
.

Internet portals like

Scoop and Voxy publish raw news coverage such as press releases, while skysport.co.nz, radiosport.co.nz and Sportal provide dedicated coverage of sports news. Online magazines such as businessdesk.co.nz, idealog.co.nz, nzbusiness.co.nz and NZ Entrepreneur.co.nz
cover business News.

Notable right-wing alternative media have included the The Platform,[16] Counterspin Media[17] and Reality Check Radio.[18]

Blogging and social media

New Zealand's blogosphere is dominated by a small community of blogs that comment on

Russell Brown.[36]

New Zealand politicians and political groups operate blogs which, unlike overseas counterparts, allow comments. Craig Foss operates a personal blog.[37] The Green Party expands on party press releases,[38] and Labour MPs discuss policy and Parliamentary business.[39] Blogging is a central campaigning tool for many political lobbying groups.[40][41][42][43] Political bloggers have been described as potentially the most powerful "opinion makers" in New Zealand politics.[44] There is also an active political and non-political New Zealand community on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr and Flickr.

Public opinion and perceptions

In April 2020, the Auckland University of Technology's (AUT) research centre for Journalism, Media and Democracy (JMAD) first annual "Trust in Aotearoa News in New Zealand" report found that 53% of New Zealanders trusted "most of the news most of the time" while 62% trusted the news they personally consumed. State broadcasters Radio New Zealand (RNZ) and TVNZ (Television New Zealand) were the most trusted news brands, with ratings of 7/10 and 6.8/10 respectively. Despite strong levels of trust in the news, respondents were concerned about poor journalism, spin, commercial and political messaging presented as news, and "fake news." 86% of respondents were concerned about politicians using fake news to discredit news sources while 50% were stronglt concerned with fake news. The Trust in Aotearoa News report, which was produced in collaboration with the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) and conducted by Horizon Research Ltd, surveyed 1,204 adult New Zealanders (aged over 18 years) between 23 and 30 March 2020.[45]

In April 2021, the Trust in News in New Zealand 2021 report found that overall public trust in the news had declined from 53% in 2020 to 48% in 2021. Trust in the news that people consumed declined from 62% in 2020 to 55% in 2021. Trust in news generated by search engines fell from 27% last year to 26% in 2021. Trust in news generated by social media fell from 16% in 2020 to 14% in 2021. All media brands experienced a decline in trust, particuarly commercial radio station Newstalk ZB and commercial TV news broadcaster Newshub. The top three most trusted media brands were RNZ (6.8/10), TVNZ (6.6/10) and Newshub (6.3/10). 62% of New Zealanders believed that the mainstream media was the best source of COVID-19 pandemic news, compared with 12% for social media platforms. Key reasons for media distrust included political bias, the perceived politicisation of media, agenda building on issues like climate change, opinionated coverage, selective reporting and poor journalism standards including factual mistakes and grammatical errors. The Trust in News in New Zealand 2021 report surveyed 1,226 adult New Zealanders between 4 and 9 March 2022.[46]

In April 2022, the Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022 report found that public trust in the news they consumed had declined from 62% in 2020 to 52%. Additionally, general trust in the news in general fell from 53% in 2020 to 45% in 2022. Between 2021 and 2022, trust in the Iwi Radio Network, Whakaata Māori (Māori Television) and TVNZ dropped by more than 10% while trust in RNZ declined by 9%. The top trusted media outlets were RNZ (6.2/10), the Otago Daily Times (6.0/10), TVNZ (5.9/10) and Newshub (5.8/10). The Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022 report surveyed 1,085 adult New Zealanders between 22 February and 1 March 2022. Key factors fuelling the decline of media trust included Government funding for the media and a perceived pro-government bias in covering COVID-19 related news including vaccinations, vaccine mandates and protests.[47]

In April 2023, the Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2023 report found that general trust in the news had declined from 45% in 2022 to 42% in 2023. However, trust in the news that people consumed rose from 52% to 53%. Trust in RNZ, Whakaata Māori and Newstalk ZB declined by 14.5%, 14.3% and 14% respectively. The top three trusted brands in 2023 were RNZ, Otago Daily Times and TVNZ. The study also found that 69% of respondents avoided the news since they found them depressive, negative, anxiety-inducing, repetitive, boring and over-dramatic. The 2023 Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2023 report surveyed 1,120 adult New Zealanders between 13 and 18 February 2023.[48]

In April 2024, the Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2024 report found that general trust in the news had declined from 42% to 33% while the number of respondents avoiding the news had risen from 69% to 75%. All media brands experienced declines in trust. The top ranked brand was the Otago Daily Times, followed by RNZ and National Business Review tied for second place. TVNZ was the biggest source of news for New Zealanders, followed by Facebook despite a drop in trustworthiness. The Trust in News in Aotearoa New Zealand 2024 report surveyed 1,033 adult New Zealanders between 12 and 16 February 2024.[49] [50]

References

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Further reading

External links