Massage parlor
A massage parlor (American English), or massage parlour (Canadian/British English), is a place where
Background
The term "massage parlour" (British English) or "massage parlor" (American English) sometimes refers to a front for prostitution, an association popularized by the "Massage Scandals" of 1894. In 1894 the British Medical Association (BMA) inquired into the education and practice of massage practitioners in London, and found that prostitution was commonly associated with unskilled workers and debt, often working with forged qualifications. In response, legitimate massage workers formed the Society of Trained Masseuses (now known as the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy), with an emphasis on high academic standards and a medical model for massage training.[1]
Particularly where prostitution is illegal, massage parlors (as well as saunas, spas or similar establishments) may be fronts for places of prostitution. Illegal brothels disguised as massage parlors are common in many countries.
Alternatively, the massages at certain massage parlors may have a "happy ending", meaning that the massage ends with the client receiving a sexual release. In addition to a "happy ending" service, given the restrictions imposed upon most striptease venues, some erotic massage venues now also offer a service where the client can masturbate while watching an artist perform a striptease.
There is a grey area and ambiguity as to when an ordinary massage becomes sexual when it comes to individuals with sexual interests such as tripsophilia, tripsolagnophilia, partialism, autofetishism or organofact, who may feel that the massage of the entire body or any ordinary bodyparts unrelated to typical erogenous zones are associated with eroticism and sensuality.[2]
China
Most types of massage, with the exception of some traditional Chinese medicine, are not regulated in China. Although illegal in China, some of the smaller massage parlors are sometimes linked to the sex industry and the government has taken a number of measures in recent times to curb this. In a nationwide crackdown known as the yellow sweep ("Yellow" in Mandarin Chinese refers to sexual activities or pornographic content), limitations on the design and operation of massage parlors have been placed, going so far as requiring identification from customers who visit massage establishments late at night and logging their visits with the local police.[3][4]
Germany
Prostitution in Germany is legal. In 2004 the German city of Cologne introduced a tax on the city's sex industry including its massage parlors. It was the only city to do so.[5]
Italy
In Italy, massage parlours can be fronts for prostitution. Advertisements for massage parlours are listed in newspapers, in some cases offering "Japanese" or "Oriental" massage. Viva Lain, one of Italy's largest chains of massage parlours, was raided by the police in 2003.[6]
Malaysia
Since the end of the 20th century an expansion in prostitution in Malaysia has resulted in massage parlors being established across the country. Malaysian massage parlors often call themselves spas, salons, or health centres, and many offer erotic massages and "happy endings".[7]
Nepal
In
Thailand
There are many businesses in Thailand that provide traditional
In 1996, foreign women made up the majority of
The legal difference between a "spa" and a "massage parlour" is unclear. The Federation of Thai Spa Associations (FTSPA) in 2016 urged authorities to clamp down on sexual services being offered at some massage parlours. The FTSPA maintains that influential figures have used legal loopholes to open "pretty spas" or massage parlours where tourists can buy sexual services.[12]
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom,
In 2005, it was reported that, in Manchester, there were around eighty "massage parlours" which were fronts for prostitution and that the police ignored those establishments, focusing instead on reducing
In December 2007, the Manchester Evening News removed all advertisements for massage parlours from its personal columns. The move followed a meeting between ministers and newspaper and advertising industry representatives. It also followed comments by
United States
Massage parlors in the United States have been linked to prostitution since the nineteenth century. In 2019 it was reported that the Polaris Project estimated there were around 9,000 massage parlors in the US providing sexual services. Most of the staff are Chinese women.[21][22] The country's larger cities typically have hundreds of them, and they are often present in small towns.[23]
Between 1980 and 2009, massage parlors in Rhode Island (also known there as "spas") were known to be involved in prostitution. Prostitution in Rhode Island was legal at that time as long as it was "behind closed doors".[24] The 2009 documentary Happy Endings? follows women who worked in the Asian massage parlors of Rhode Island. The film focuses on "full service" massage parlors, although "rub and tug" massage parlors (where only handjobs are offered) are also covered.
As of 2010, there were an estimated 525 massage parlors in New Jersey acting as fronts for the prostitution industry.[25]
An ongoing study of the prostitution business in
In many large US cities there are Asian massage parlours, some advertising traditional Thai massage. In some cases these establishments are fronts for prostitution.[28] As of 2005, more than forty Asian massage parlors (mostly Korean) operated as fronts for in-call brothels in Washington, D.C., and each earned an average of $1.2 million a year. More than 200 other massage parlors (that did not openly advertise and were operated largely out of private homes and apartments) serving mainly Latino clients made an average of at least $800,000 a year.[29][30]
Sex acts performed at massage parlors can range from a basic "happy ending" to oral sex or "full service". Some, mostly Asian, massage parlors offer a naked "table shower" or an "Asian body slide" as well as access to a sauna before a massage and/or any sexual activity takes place.[30][31][32]
During the 2000s publications in major metropolitan areas of the US were under pressure not to advertise massage parlor operations.
Law enforcement agencies in the US attempt to shut down or fine massage parlor establishments that break federal, state or local laws.[32][33] The penalty for breaking the law in these instances can be as high as life imprisonment in some cases, especially those that involve human trafficking.[38]
See also
- Fashion health
- Human trafficking
- Mama-san – female manager of Asian brothels or massage parlors
- Massage Parlor Murders! – 1970s US film
- Nuru – type of erotic massage
- Soapland
References
- ISBN 978-0729578691.
- ^ Coleman-Kennedy, Carol, and Amanda Pendley. "Assessment and diagnosis of sexual addiction." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 8.5 (2002): 143-151.
- ^ Ramzy A (8 July 2014). "To Curb Prostitution, Guangdong Tries to Clean Up Massage Industry".
- ^ Wong, Edward (17 February 2014). "Chinese Officials Widen Campaign Against Vices". The New York Times.
- ^ "Sex Tax Filling Cologne's Coffers". Der Spiegel. 15 December 2006.
- ISBN 9780231139618.
- ^ Hunter, Murray (28 July 2015). "Why Kuala Lumpur could be on its way to becoming the sex capital of Asia". Asian Correspondent. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ Kara 2010, p. 72–74.
- ISBN 9781631021947.
- ^ Kritaya Archavanitkul, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, the Passage of Women in Neighbouring Countries into the Sex Trade in Thailand, "Academic urges action in war against flesh trade," Yindee Lertcharoenchok, Mukdawan Sakboon, The Nation, 28 May 1997
- ^ (World Vision¹s Bansit Thathorn, the coordinator of the NGO Burmese women, Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, "Influx of Burmese sex workers via Mae Sai," Bangkok Post, 2 June 1997)
- ^ Chinmaneevong, Chadamas (2016-05-25). "Spas cry foul over sale of sex services". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Prostitution: Third Report of Session 2016–17" (PDF). House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ James, David (31 January 2008). "Police turn blind eye to brothels". walesonline. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ Bennetto, Jason (1996-07-28). "Police turn blind eye to 'brothels' as prostitutes come in from cold". The Independent. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ "Brothel industry is 'spreading'". BBC News. 4 September 2008.
- ^ "Shun sex ads, local papers urged". BBC News. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Prostitution and Exploitation of Prostitution". The Crown Prosecution Service. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ [unattributed] (2005-10-12). "Police turn a blind eye to brothels". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "Newspapers promise action on sex slavery". Press Gazette. 25 November 2007. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
- ^ Chen, Teng (2020-01-30). "Chinese moms in America's illicit massage parlors". SupChina. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
- ^ "Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses". Polaris project.
- ^ Hallie Lieberman (28 October 2019). "Massage Parlours with 'Happy Endings' Give These Sex Workers a Decent Living". Vice.
- ^ Arditi, Lynn (2009-05-31). "'Behind Closed Doors" How RI Decriminalized Prostitution". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
- ^ "Prostitution brothels in New Jersey". Havocscope Black Market. 2011-05-09. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ Sudhir Venkatesh (31 January 2011). "How tech tools have changed today's prostitution business". Wired. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
- ^ "Best happy-ending parlors", Time Out New York, 25 January 2011, archived from the original on 5 July 2011, retrieved 1 December 2016
- ^ Kara 2010, pp. 179–180.
- ^ "Earnings of an Asian Massage Parlor in Washington DC". Havocscope Black Market. 2005-11-05. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ a b "X RATED: DC's Underground Sex Industry". 2005. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "West Bridgewater spa advertised 'table showers' on Craigslist". 22 February 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Police barely decent in massage parlor sting". Washington Times. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Time to Drop the Massage Parlor Ads". Washington Post. 27 August 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ Elizabeth Dias (11 April 2018). "Trump Signs Bill Amid Momentum to Crack Down on Trafficking". New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ Kennedy, Merrit (23 March 2018). "Craigslist Shuts Down Personals Section After Congress Passes Bill On Trafficking". Washington, DC, USA: National Public Radio.
- ^ Grimm, Andy (22 April 2018). "Some sex workers worry about their business after feds shut down Backpage.com". Chicago, Illinois, USA: The Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ Lalita Clozel (15 September 2019). "After Backpage, U.S. Investigates Massage, Escort Websites That Now Dominate Market". Wall Street journal. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
- ^ "Mt. Prospect massage parlor owner gets life sentence". Chicago Tribune. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.