Mating type
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Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to sexes in multicellular lifeforms and are thought to be the ancestor to distinct sexes. They also occur in macro-organisms such as fungi.
Definition
Mating types are the
Occurrence
Reproduction by mating types is especially prevalent in
Mating type genes in ascomycetes are called idiomorphs rather than
In the ascomycete Neurospora crassa matings are restricted to interaction of strains of opposite mating type. This promotes some degree of outcrossing. Outcrossing, through complementation, could provide the benefit of masking recessive deleterious mutations in genes which function in the dikaryon and/or diploid stage of the life cycle.[8]
Evolution
Mating types likely predate anisogamy,[9] and sexes evolved directly from mating types or independently in some lineages.[10]
In 2006 Japanese researchers found a gene in males of the alga Pleodorina starrii that’s an orthologue to a gene for a mating type in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, providing evidence for an evolutionary link between sexes and mating types.[11]
Secondary mating types evolved alongside simultaneous hermaphrodites in several lineages.[12]: 71 [clarification needed]
In
See also
- Mating in fungi
- Mating of yeast
- Mating-type locus
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a and α mating types)
- Schizophyllum commune (23,328 mating types)
- Tetrahymena (7 mating types)
References
- ^ a b "mating type". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
- ^ From Mating Types to Sexes. Bachtrog D, Mank JE, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, et al. (2014) Sex Determination: Why So Many Ways of Doing It? PLoS Biol 12(7): e1001899. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899
- . Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- PMID 11118130.
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- PMID 11932772.
- ^ Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE. Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277-81. doi: 10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363
- ISBN 978-0-691-00057-2.
- S2CID 5798638.
- S2CID 15748275.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-965714-8.
- ISBN 978-1-139-50082-1.
- ISBN 978-0-19-881825-0.