Matoonas

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Matoonas (? - died 1676 in Boston) (also spelled Matonas) was a sachem of the Nipmuc Indians in the middle of 17th century. He played a significant role in the Native American uprising known as King Philip's War.

Early life

Matoonas had originally converted to Christianity and became a

Metacom (King Philip) began organizing an armed movement against the English settlers in New England in 1675, Matoonas willingly joined and convinced other Nipmuc sachems to follow him. In July of that year he led a raid on the town of Mendon, which decided Nipmuc participation in the war on the side of Philip. Mendon was the first colonial settlement in the Massachusetts Bay Colony to be attacked during King Philip's War.[3]

Shortly after the raid on Mendon, together with another Nipmuc sachem, Muttawmp, Matoonas successfully ambushed a party of colonial soldiers in what became known as Wheeler's Surprise at Brookfield.[4]

Execution

Matoonas was betrayed and turned over to the English in Boston in autumn 1676 by another Nipmuc sachem. Most colonial sources list the name of the one who gave betrayed him as "Sagamore John,"

Old Jethro.[7] Some sources give the original Native American name of this person as Horowaninit,[8] Schultz and Tougias state in their work on the King Philip's War however, that "...Muttawmp and Shoshonin, who had delivered Matoonas to the English, likewise fell victim to Waldron's treachery and were executed by firing squad at Boston."[9] Matoonas' betrayer either volunteered to execute him personally,[1] or was forced to do so by the colonists, in order to demonstrate his loyalty to the English. Sagamore John was sold into slavery.[10] Matoonas' head, like his son's before him, was presented on a pole outside of Boston as a way to terrorize other Indians who supported King Philip.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Drake, pg. 79
  2. ^ a b Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635-1890. Dedham Historical Society. pp. 89–90.
  3. ^ a b Bonfanti, pg. 26
  4. ^ Bonfanti, pg. 27
  5. ^ Diary of Samuel Sewall, entries July 17, 1676 and Sept. 26, 1676 , p 15, 22 (accessible on google books)
  6. ^ Rev. Thomas Cobbett, of Ipswich, "A Narrative of New England's Deliverances," (written in 1677 to Increase Mather) New England Historical Genealogical Register, (Volume 7, 1853), p. 209 https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/New_England_Historical_Genealogical_Register_Online
  7. ^ Samuel Gardner Drake, Indian Biography, p. 137 accessible on google books
  8. ^ Moynihan, pg. 28
  9. ^ Schultz and Tougias, pg. 69
  10. ^ Cogley, pg. 161

7. p. 462

Works cited

  • Eric B. Schultz, Michael J. Tougias, "King Philip's War. The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict", Countryman Press, 1999.
  • Leo Bonfanti, "Biographies and Legends of the New England Indians", New England Historical Series, Pride Publications, 1981.
  • Samuel Gardner Drake, "The book of the Indians, or, Biography and history of the Indians of North America, from its first discovery to the year 1841", Benjamin B. Mussey, 1845.
  • Richard W. Cogley, "John Eliot's mission to the Indians before King Philip's War", Harvard University Press, 1999.
  • "New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume XXII", David Clapp & Sons, 1868.
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