Matthew 22
Matthew 22 | |
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Book | Gospel of Matthew |
Category | Gospel |
Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 1 |
Gospel of Matthew |
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Chapters |
Matthew 22 is the twenty-second chapter in the
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 46 verses.
The narrative can be divided into the following subsections:
- Parable of the Great Banquet (22:1–14)
- Render unto Caesar...(22:15–22)
- Marriage at the Resurrection (22:23–33)
- Great Commandment (22:34–40)
- "Is the Messiah the son of David?" (22:41–46)
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
- Codex Bezae (c. 400)
- Codex Washingtonianus (c. 400)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450)
- Codex Purpureus Rossanensis(6th century)
- Codex Sinopensis(6th century; extant verses 1–7, 13–14, 32–34)
Old Testament references
- Matthew 22:32: Exodus 3:6[2]
- Matthew 22:37: Deuteronomy 6:5[2]
- Matthew 22:39: Leviticus 19:18[2]
- Matthew 22:44: Psalm 110:1[2][3]
The Wedding Feast (22:1–14)
Verse 1
- And Jesus answered and spoke to them again by parables and said:[7]
Meyer suggests that Jesus' reply, "by way of rejoinder",
Verse 5
- But they made light of it and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his business.[13]
Those invited to the wedding feast declined to attend. Meyer suggests that those who left "having paid no attention" formed the majority, while "the rest", in verse 6, formed a smaller "remainder" of the invitees.[6]
Verse 13
- Then the king said to the servants, 'Bind him hand and foot, [take him away, and] cast him into outer darkness; there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth'.[14]
The words "take him away, and" (ἄρατε αὐτὸν καὶ) are missing from the critical
Roman taxation (22:15–22)
A trap was laid for Jesus by the Pharisees and the Herodians concerning the Roman poll-tax, which was fiercely opposed by patriotic Jews, but Jesus exposed those who asked the question as hypocrites. France notes that they carried the denarius: the coin bears Caesar's idolatrous portrait with the inscription "Son of God".[16]
Verse 19
- [Jesus said,] "Show Me the tax money".
- So they brought Him a denarius.[17]
The "tax money" was τὸ νόμισμα τοῦ κήνσου (to nomisma tou kēnsou), associated with the
The Resurrection (22:23–33)
The Sadducees held no belief in afterlife, because they maintained that it was not taught in any of Moses' five books, the only authoritative Scriptures they accepted. Jesus pointed out that the basis of the belief in resurrection can be found within the books of Moses, specifically citing Exodus 3:6.[16]
The Greatest Commandment (22:34–40)
A question is asked by a lawyer, one of the Pharisees:
- Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?[18]
France describes the combination of Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18 as a brilliantly creative idea, as it brings the focus on the two halves of the Ten Commandments as a foundation of life, and sums up that duty as love, that is, a God-like attitude beyond the specific requirements of the Law.[16] The Jerusalem Bible suggests that the reference to a lawyer is not original but borrowed from Luke 10:25, There was a lawyer who, to disconcert [Jesus] ...[19]
'Son of David?' (22:41–46)
- While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them,[20]
Jesus now asks a question of the Pharisees.
In his answer, France suggests that Jesus was warning the people against judging his ministry in traditional terms, because far from being enthroned in Jerusalem as a king like David, he would soon be put to death on the cross, where he would be known at last not as a Son of David (a title that ceases to exist), but as 'Son of God' (Matthew 27:54).[23] Similarly, Wilhelm de Wette suggests that Jesus' object was "to awaken a higher idea of His (non-political) mission", but according to Meyer, in opposition to de Wette, this view "is not favoured by the context, which represents Jesus as victor over His impudent and crafty foes, who are silenced and then subjected to the castigation" which is described next, in chapter 23.
Verse 46
- And no one was able to answer Him a word, nor from that day on did anyone dare question Him anymore.[24]
This verse ends the "Son of David" dialogue; the Jerusalem Bible states that no-one in the gathering "could think of anything to say in reply".[25] It also closes off the whole narrative from Matthew 21:23 onwards, where Jesus has been addressed with "question after question".[5]
See also
- David
- Parables of Jesus
- Other related
References
- ^ See Matthew 21:23
- ^ a b c d Coogan 2007, p. 43 New Testament.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC–CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 839. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ France 1994, p. 932.
- ^ a b c Allison, D. Jr., Matthew, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, pp. 872-4
- ^ a b c Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary: Matthew 22, accessed 14 March 2021
- ^ Matthew 22:1: NKJV
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary: Matthew 11, accessed 6 October 2019
- ^ Matthew 21:46: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 22:1: Jerusalem Bible (1966)
- ^ Matthew 22:1: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 22:1: RGT
- ^ Matthew 22:5: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 22:13: NKJV
- ^ Footnote b at Matthew 22:13 in the New King James Version
- ^ a b c France 1994, p. 933.
- ^ Matthew 22:19: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 22:36: NKJV
- ^ Footnote f at Matthew 22:35 in the Jerusalem Bible
- ^ Matthew 22:41: NKJV
- ^ Bengel, J. A., Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament: Matthew 22, accessed 15 March 2021
- ^ Matthew 22:34: KJV
- ^ France 1994, pp. 933–934.
- ^ Matthew 22:46: NKJV
- ^ Matthew 22:46, Jerusalem Bible
Sources
- ISBN 9780195288810.
- ISBN 9780851106489.
External links
- Matthew 22 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
Preceded by Matthew 21 |
Chapters of the New Testament Gospel of Matthew |
Succeeded by Matthew 23 |