Matthew Elliott (loyalist)

Matthew Elliott (c. 1739 – May 7, 1814) was an Irish-born

Elliott came to America in 1761 and settled in Pennsylvania during the French and Indian War. As a trader in western Pennsylvania and Ohio in the 1760s and 1770s, and as a captain in the British Indian Department during the Revolution, he had lived and fought among the tribes of the Northwest, particularly the Shawnee. He was married to a Shawnee woman and spoke the language fluently, his sympathies with the Indians. With the Shawnee woman, Elliott had two sons named Alexander and Matthew.^[3]: 55 He later married Sarah Donovan and they had another two sons, Francis Gore and Robert Herriot Barclay.^[2]: 303

In 1778 Elliott, along with Alexander McKee and Simon Girty fled to Detroit. He served as a scout on Henry Hamilton's expedition to Vincennes in the autumn of 1778 but left before Hamilton was captured by the Americans in February 1779. For the remainder of the Revolution Elliott served as a British Indian agent.^[3]: 93

After the Revolution, Elliott established himself on a farm at what became

In 1790, Elliott became assistant to McKee, who was Indian superintendent at Detroit while Elliott continued to encourage the Shawnee and other native groups to oppose American advance across the Ohio River.[1] With McKee, Elliott helped organize the different tribes to resist occupancy and land cessions. Elliott went on to become "superintendent of Indians and of Indian Affairs for the District of Detroit" in the summer of 1796, but by December 1797 he was dismissed.^[3]: 108 During the next ten years he tried significantly to gain reinstatement, travelling to England in 1804 and even gaining the support of fellow politicians. None of this worked, though from 1800 to 1804, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. He was also re-elected in 1804 and 1808, though at these dates he attended meetings less frequently due to other business.^[2]: 303

When British-American relations went sour again in 1807, the great importance of Elliott's influence among the Indians was recognized and in 1808 he was reappointed superintendent in place of Thomas McKee.^{[1][2]: 303} By the fall of 1808 it became apparent that the Indians were preparing for war, and the British did not want to be blamed. Elliott worked closely with Tecumseh for an alliance. Before the War of 1812, Elliott had succeeded in gaining the Indian alliance with natives in American territory as well as British.^[3]: 59

During the last few months of his life, Elliott led Indian raids on the Niagara frontier.^[1] He died from illness in 1814 in the Burlington area of Ontario.^[2]: 303

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