Matthias Jakob Schleiden

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"Schleid." redirects here. For the municipality in Germany, see Schleid.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
cytoblast'
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Jena, University of Dorpat
Author abbrev. (botany)Schleid.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden (German: [maˈtiːas ˈjaːkɔp ˈʃlaɪdn̩];[1][2] 5 April 1804 – 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. He published some poems and non-scientific work under the pseudonym Ernst.[3]

Career

Matthias Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg. on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice but after a period of emotional depression and attempted suicide, he changed professions. The suicide attempt left a prominent scar across his forehead.[4]

He studied natural science at the

University of Berlin in 1835 to study plants. Johann Horkel, Schleiden's uncle, encouraged him to study plant embryology.[5]

He soon developed his love for botany and cats into a full-time pursuit. Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the

Robert Brown,[6] and sensed its connection with cell division
. In 1838, the two scientists M. J. Schleiden and Theodore Schwann formulated a theory about cellular structure which stated, 'All the living organisms are made up of cells and the cell is the fundamental component of living organismus”. In 1885 Rudolf Virchow stated that all cells are formed from pre-existing cells.

He became a professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863. He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from one cell.

He died in

Frankfurt am Main on 23 June 1881.[7]

Die Entwickelung der Meduse ("The Development of the Medusæ"), in Schleiden's Das Meer

Evolution

Schleiden was an early advocate of evolution. In a lecture on the "History of the Vegetable World" published in his book Die Pflanze und ihr Leben ("The Plant: A Biography") (1848) was a passage that embraced the transmutation of species.[8] He was one of the first German biologists to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He has been described as a leading proponent of Darwinism in Germany.[9]

With Die Pflanze und ihr Leben, reprinted six times by 1864, and his Studien: Populäre Vorträge ("Studies: Popular Lectures"), both written in a way that was accessible to lay readers, Schleiden contributed to creating a momentum for popularizing science in Germany.[10]

Schleiden’s popular writings included two volumes of poetry which appeared under the pseudonym “Ernst” in 1858 and 1873.[3] American composer Harriet P. Sawyer set one of his poems to music with her song “Die ersten Tropfen fallen.”[11]

Selected publications

Alter des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur, 1863
The standard author abbreviation Schleid. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[12]
  • Encyclopädie der gesammten theoretischen Naturwissenschaften in ihrer Anwendung auf die Landwirthschaft (in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1850.
  • Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik nebst einer methodologischen Einleitung als Anleitung zum Studium der Pflanze (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1861.
  • Alter des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Arten und die Stellung des Menschen in der Natur (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1863.

References

  1. ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
    .
  2. ISBN 9783110215564. Archived
    from the original on 2023-07-22. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  3. ^
    S2CID 170356329. Archived
    from the original on 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  4. ISBN 9781982117351. Archived
    from the original on 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  5. ^ "Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia". embryo.asu.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  6. Discovery Communications. Archived from the original
    on 2006-10-24. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
  7. ^ Mathias Jacob Schleiden Archived 2014-02-03 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica
  8. ^ "Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881)" Archived 2018-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
  9. ISBN 0-226-29977-5
  10. ^ Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, pp. 252, 256, 262, 288, 509.
  11. ^ "Harriet Priscilla Sawyer Song Texts | LiederNet". www.lieder.net. Archived from the original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
  12. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Schleid.

External links

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