Maurice Richard
The Honourable Maurice Richard PC CC OQ | |||
---|---|---|---|
Hockey Hall of Fame, 1961 | |||
Born |
Montreal, Quebec, Canada | August 4, 1921||
Died |
May 27, 2000 Montreal, Quebec, Canada | (aged 78)||
Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | ||
Weight | 180 lb (82 kg; 12 st 12 lb) | ||
Position | Right wing | ||
Shot | Left | ||
Played for | Montreal Canadiens | ||
Playing career | 1942–1960 |
Joseph Henri Maurice "Rocket" Richard PC CC OQ (/rɪˈʃɑːrd/; French: [ʁiʃaʁ]; August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens. He was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season, accomplishing the feat in 50 games in 1944–45, and the first to reach 500 career goals.
Richard retired in 1960 as the
Richard,
The oldest of eight children, Richard emerged from a poverty-stricken family during the
In 1998, Richard was diagnosed with
Early life
Joseph Henri Maurice Richard was born August 4, 1921, in
Richard received his first pair of ice skates when he was four, and grew up skating on local rivers and a small backyard ice surface his father created.[6] He did not play organized hockey until he was 14. Instead, Richard developed his skills playing shinny and "hog" – a game that required the puck carrier to keep the puck away from others for as long as possible.[7] While he also played baseball and was a boxer, hockey was his passion. After he began playing in organized leagues, Richard joined several teams and used pseudonyms such as "Maurice Rochon" to circumvent rules that restricted players to one team.[8] In one league, he led his team to three consecutive championships and scored 133 of his team's 144 goals in the 1938–39 season.[9]
At 16, Richard dropped out of school to work with his father as a machinist.
Off the ice, Richard was a quiet, unassuming youth who spoke little.[9] He met his future wife Lucille Norchet when he was seventeen, and she was thirteen. She was the younger sister of one of his teammates at Bordeaux, and her bright, outgoing personality complemented Richard's reserved nature.[17] Lucille proved adept at guiding him through trials and disappointments he experienced in both hockey and life.[18] They were engaged when he was 20, and though her parents felt she was too young, married on September 12, 1942, when she was seventeen.[19]
Playing career
First Stanley Cup
Having recovered from his broken ankle in time for the 1941–42 season, Richard returned to the QSHL Canadiens, with whom he played 31 games and recorded 17 points before he was again injured.[13] He suffered a broken wrist after becoming entangled with a defenceman and crashed into the net.[20] Richard rejoined the team for the playoffs. The skills he demonstrated in the QSHL, combined with the NHL parent club's loss of players to the war and struggles to draw fans due to its poor record and a lack of francophone players, earned Richard a tryout with the Canadiens for the 1942–43 season.[19][21] He signed a contract worth $3,500 for the year and, wearing sweater number 15, made his NHL debut with the team.[22] Richard's first goal was against the New York Rangers on November 8, 1942.[23]
Injury again sidelined Richard as his rookie season ended after only 16 games when he suffered a broken leg.[24] The string of broken bones so early in his career left observers wondering if Richard was too fragile to play at the highest levels.[8] He made a second attempt to enlist with the military but was again turned down after x-rays revealed that his bones had not healed properly; Richard's ankle was left permanently deformed, forcing him to alter his skating style. Humiliated by the rejection, he intensified his training and reported to Montreal's training camp for the 1943–44 season fully healthy.[25] The arrival of his daughter Huguette prompted Richard to change his uniform to number 9 to match her birth weight of nine pounds.[26]
Remaining healthy throughout the season, Richard appeared in 46 of Montreal's 50 games. He led the Canadiens with 32 goals and tallied 54 points, third-best in his team.[27] His first full NHL season not only ended the criticism about his ability to play in the league, but established him as one of the best young players in the league.[24] Coach Dick Irvin shifted him from left wing to right and put him on a forward line with Toe Blake and Elmer Lach. The trio, known as the "Punch line", formed a dominant scoring unit throughout the 1940s.[8] The Canadiens lost only six games after October, and went on to win the franchise's first Stanley Cup championship in 13 years.[24] Richard led the league with 12 playoff goals,[28] including a five-goal effort against the Toronto Maple Leafs in a semi-final game. He tied Newsy Lalonde's NHL record for goals in one playoff game (equalled by three players since), which resulted in his being named first, second and third star of the game,[29] as chosen by journalist Charles Mayer.[30] Richard was named a second team All-Star following the season. It was the first of 14 consecutive years he was named a league all-star.[31]
50 goals in 50 games
The 1944–45 NHL season was a record-setting one for Richard. He first set a new mark for points in one game when he made five goals and three assists in a 9–1 victory over the Detroit Red Wings on December 28, 1944; his eight points broke the previous record of seven held by three players,[32] and stood for 32 years until surpassed in 1976 by Darryl Sittler.[33] Richard achieved the feat despite arriving for the game exhausted from moving into his new home that afternoon.[34] He continued scoring at an unprecedented rate, and by February 1945 was approaching Joe Malone's 27-year-old NHL record, set in 1918, of 44 goals in one season.[35] Richard broke the record on February 25, 1945, in a 5–2 victory over Toronto. Malone was on hand to present Richard with the puck used to score the 45th goal.[36]
As Richard approached
Richard's critics argued that his scoring record was the result of talent dilution brought about by the war; when many players returned in 1945–46, he won his second Stanley Cup with Montreal, but his goal output was nearly halved to 27. Richard again reached lofty scoring totals in 1946–47, leading the league with 45 goals in a 60-game season and winning the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player for the only time of his career.[41][42] He finished second or third in the Hart Trophy voting a further five times in his career. Opponents continued their attempts to drive Richard to anger or frustration, as they had learned he could be goaded into taking himself out of the game by violently retaliating and fighting.[43] One such incident occurred in the 1947 Stanley Cup Finals when Richard received a match penalty for striking Toronto's Bill Ezinicki over the head with his stick in a game two loss.[44] Richard was suspended for the third game of the series, which the Maple Leafs won.[45]
As the reigning most valuable player, Richard sought a pay raise prior to the
All-time scoring leader
Richard missed over 20 games of the 1951–52 season due to injury,[49] but overcame another ailment in the playoffs.[50] In the seventh and deciding game of the semi-final against Boston, Richard was checked by Leo Labine and briefly knocked unconscious after he fell and struck his head on Bill Quackenbush's knee.[50] Though clearly dazed, Richard returned to the game late in the third period after a large cut above his eye was stitched up. Canadiens coach Dick Irvin sent Richard back onto the ice in the final minutes of the contest, despite knowing Richard had suffered a concussion. Richard scored the winning goal in a 2–1 victory that sent Montreal to the 1952 Stanley Cup Finals.[51] Following the game, a bloodied and still disoriented Richard was photographed shaking the hand of Boston goaltender Jim Henry, who was also showing symptoms of injuries from the series and who appeared to be bowing to Richard following the Montreal player's "unconscious goal".[52] The photograph by Roger St. Jean is among the most famous images of Richard.[51] In the final, Montreal lost to Detroit in four straight games.[53]
The
Richard led the league in goals for the fourth time in his career with 37 in 1953–54, then for a fifth time in 1954–55 with 38 (shared with Bernie Geoffrion).[42] He scored his 400th career goal on December 18, 1954, against Chicago.[60]
Richard Riot
"What did Campbell do when Jean Béliveau was deliberately injured twice by Bill Mosienko of Chicago and Jack Evans of the Rangers? No penalty, no fine, no suspension. Did he suspend Gordie Howe of Detroit when he almost knocked out Dollard St. Laurent's eye? No! ... Strange that only Dick Irvin and I have the courage to risk our livelihood by defending our rights against such a dictator."
—Campbell forced Richard to cease writing for Samedi-Dimanche following these comments.[61]
Opposition players continued to try to stop Richard through physical intimidation, and he often retaliated with equal force. The situation led to a running feud with NHL President Clarence Campbell.[62] Richard had been fined numerous times by Campbell for on-ice incidents and at one point was forced to post a $1,000 "good-behaviour bond" after he criticized Campbell in a weekly column he helped author for Samedi-Dimanche.[63] Richard was among many in Quebec who believed that Campbell treated French Canadian players more harshly than their English counterparts.[64] The simmering dispute erupted after an incident in the Canadiens' March 13, 1955, game against Boston, when Hal Laycoe struck Richard in the head with his stick.[65] Richard retaliated by slashing viciously at Laycoe's head, then punched linesman Cliff Thompson when the official attempted to intervene.[66] Boston police attempted to arrest Richard for assault following the incident, but Montreal coaching staff and teammates refused police entry in protest.[67]
Following two days of deliberation, Campbell announced that he had suspended Richard – who was leading the NHL's overall scoring race at the time – for the remainder of the regular season and the playoffs.[68] In English Canada, Campbell was praised for doing what he could to control the erratic Richard. Unknown to most at the time, Campbell had long wanted to impose a lengthy suspension on Richard over his previous outbursts. As NHL president however, Campbell ultimately answered to the league's owners and they were reluctant to see such severe discipline imposed against one of the league's star players on account of their value in increasing game attendance.[69] In French Quebec the suspension was viewed as an injustice, an unfair punishment given to a Francophone hero by the Anglophone establishment.[8] Richard's supporters reacted angrily to Campbell: he received several death threats and, upon taking his customary seat at the next Canadiens game, unruly fans pelted him with vegetables, eggs and other debris.[65] One fan threw a tear gas bomb at Campbell, which resulted in the Forum's evacuation and the game's forfeiture in Detroit's favour. Fans fleeing the arena were met by a large group of demonstrators who had massed outside prior to the game's start.[65]
The mob of over 20,000 people developed into a riot. Windows and doors were smashed at the Forum and surrounding businesses. By the following morning, between 65 and 70 had been arrested.[70] Over 50 stores were looted and 37 people injured. Damage was estimated at $100,000 ($1,004,255 in 2021 dollars).[71][65] Richard had also attended the game, but left immediately following the forfeit. Frank Selke attempted to persuade him to return to try to disperse the crowd, but Richard refused, fearing that he would instead further inflame the passions of the mob.[72] He took to the radio the next day asking for calm: "Do no more harm. Get behind the team in the playoffs. I will take my punishment and come back next year and help the club and the younger players to win the Cup."[65]
The suspension cost Richard the Art Ross Trophy as the leading point scorer in the league, which he lost to teammate Geoffrion by one point.[40] Richard never won the point title, finishing second five times in his career. Montreal fans booed Geoffrion when he surpassed Richard on the final day of the regular season.[73] The fans continued to jeer Geoffrion into the following season.[74] Montreal reached and lost the 1955 Stanley Cup Finals four games to three without Richard.[75] The defeat was a bitter loss for Richard, who struggled to control his anger.[76]
Captain of a dynasty
Richard fulfilled his promise to Canadiens' fans, made in his post-riot radio address, by leading Montreal to a Stanley Cup championship in
Entering his 15th NHL season in 1956–57, Richard's teammates named him captain of the Canadiens, succeeding Émile Bouchard, who had retired prior to the season.[82] With 33 goals and 62 points, Richard again finished second on the team to Béliveau.[83] In the playoffs, he scored the overtime-winning goal in the fifth game of the semi-final to eliminate New York, then scored four goals in a 5–1 victory over Boston in the first game of the finals en route to a five-game series win and second consecutive championship for Montreal.[84]
Richard reached a major scoring milestone early in the 1957–58 season. During the first period of a 3–1 victory over Chicago on October 19, 1957, he became the first player in NHL history to score 500 goals in his career.[85] As Richard celebrated with his teammates, it was announced to the Montreal Forum crowd: "Canadiens' goal, scored by Mr. Hockey himself, Maurice Richard".[86] He played only 28 regular season games that season, scoring 34 points,[13] as he missed three months due to a severed Achilles tendon.[87] Returning in time for the playoffs, Richard led Montreal with 11 goals and 15 points as the team won its third consecutive Stanley Cup. He scored the overtime-winning goal in the fifth game of the finals against Boston. It was the sixth playoff overtime-winning goal of his career, and the third during the finals, both NHL records.[88]
At 37, Richard was the oldest player in the NHL in 1958–59.[89] He scored 38 points in 42 games,[13] but missed six weeks due to a broken ankle.[89] Injuries again plagued Richard during the 1959–60 season as he missed a month due to a broken cheekbone.[90] Montreal nonetheless won the Stanley Cup in both seasons. Richard scored no points in four games in the 1959 Stanley Cup Finals, but recorded a goal and three assists in 1960.[13] The titles were the seventh and eighth of Richard's career,[42] and Montreal's five consecutive championships remain a record.[91] The 1956–60 Canadiens rank as one of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL.[92]
The playoff goal was Richard's last, as on September 15, 1960, he announced his retirement as a player.[93] Richard had reported to Montreal's training camp that autumn, but Selke compelled Richard to end his playing career, fearing he was risking serious injury. In Richard's retirement speech, he said he had been contemplating leaving the game for two years, and stated that at age 39, the game had become too fast for him.[94] Upon learning of Richard's retirement, Gordie Howe offered praise for his former rival: "He sure was a drawing card. He brought in the crowds that helped pay our wages. Richard certainly has been one of the greatest players in the game and we will miss him."[95]
Playing style
Richard was nicknamed "the Comet" early in his career. When teammate Ray Getliffe remarked that Richard "went in like a rocket" as he approached the opposition goal, Richard was dubbed "The Rocket" by a local sportswriter; both Baz O'Meara from the Montreal Star and Dink Carroll of the Montreal Gazette have been credited for the appellation.[31] The nickname described Richard's play in terms of speed, strength, and determination. Teammate and coach Toe Blake said the moniker was fitting because "when he would take off, nothing got in his way that could stop him".[96] Goaltender Jacques Plante declared it one of the most appropriate nicknames given to an athlete, noting the fierce intensity that often showed in Richard's eyes and comparing it to "the rocket's red glare" referenced in "The Star-Spangled Banner".[31] Glenn Hall agreed: "What I remember most about Rocket was his eyes. When he came flying toward you with the puck on his stick, his eyes were all lit up, flashing and gleaming like a pinball machine. It was terrifying."[96]
The prime of Richard's career was the era immediately following the Second World War, where battle-hardened players returned to the NHL and implemented a "gladiatorial" style that featured rugged, physical and often violent play.[97] Richard's own temper was infamous, as illustrated by his actions that precipitated the Richard Riot.[98]
A pure goal-scorer, Richard did not play with finesse, nor was he known for his passing.[8] One of his teammates remarked that "Maurice wouldn't even pass you the salt".[98] Richard led the NHL in goals five times, but never in points.[96] He was best known for dashing toward the net from the blue line and was equally adept at scoring from his forehand or backhand. His exploits revived a Montreal Canadiens franchise that had struggled to draw fans in the 1930s.[99] In addition to his 14 appearances on a post-season all-star team (eight on the first team, six on the second), Richard played in 13 consecutive NHL All-Star Games between 1947 and 1959.[31]
Richard was still an active player when Gordie Howe overtook his career record for points.[100] Howe surpassed Richard's career mark of 544 goals in 1963, while the latter's record of 50 goals in one season stood for 20 years until broken by Bobby Hull in 1965.[31] The Montreal Canadiens donated the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy to the NHL in 1999 as an award presented annually to the league's leading goal scorer.[101]
Personal life
Upon his retirement as a player, Selke offered Richard a job as a team ambassador and promised to pay him his full playing salary in the first year.[102] After serving in the position for three years, Richard was named a vice-president of the Canadiens in 1964. He became disgruntled with a role he felt was powerless and only honorary, and resigned one year later.[103] Richard grew estranged from the organization as his desire to be involved in the team's operations was ignored, and the split deepened when the Canadiens forced Frank Selke to retire in 1965.[104] He eventually refused to allow his name to be associated with the team.[105]
As Richard struggled both with the need to find a purpose to his post-retirement life and the fear of being forgotten,[106] he attached his name to numerous endeavours. He acted as a consulting editor for a magazine titled Maurice Richard's Hockey Illustrated,[107] owned the "544 / 9 Tavern" (named for his career goal total and sweater number) in Montreal, and was a pitchman for dozens of products, including beer, hair dye, car batteries, fishing tackle and children's toys. He continued to use his name as a promotional vehicle for over 30 years after his retirement.[108] Richard briefly returned to hockey in 1972 as head coach for the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association.[109] He lasted only two games, a win and a loss, before finding himself unable to handle the strain of coaching.[110] Richard reconciled with the Canadiens in 1981 and resumed his team ambassador role.[111]
Richard and his wife, Lucille, lived in Montreal where they raised seven children: Huguette, Maurice Jr., Norman, André, Suzanne, Paulo and Jean.[112] They had 14 grandchildren.[113] Lucille died of cancer in 1994,[114] two years after the Richards celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary.[115] Richard's companion late in his life was Sonia Raymond.[116]
Illness and death
It was announced in 1998 that Richard was diagnosed with
Legacy
Numerous honours were bestowed upon Richard throughout and following his career: the
Upon the creation of the
While he was a popular player throughout Canada, Richard was an icon within Quebec.
The Richard Riot has achieved a mythical place in Canadian folklore.[130] The riot is commonly viewed as a violent manifestation of the discontent Francophones within Quebec held with their place in largely Anglophone Canada, and some historians consider the riot to be a precursor to the 1960s Quiet Revolution.[65] In its 40th anniversary retrospective of the Riot, Montreal newspaper La Presse opened with the following passage: "Forty years ago began one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of Quebec, and of hockey."[131] Richard himself publicly dismissed his role as a catalyst for cultural or political change.[132] In a 1975 interview, he said he played with "English boys" and was largely unaware of the situation in French Quebec at the time.[133]
In an article published four days after the riot, journalist
Richard is the subject of the 2005 biopic The Rocket.[137]
Career statistics
Regular season
|
Playoffs | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
1939–40 | Verdun Maple Leafs | QJHL | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 2 | ||
1939–40 | Verdun Maple Leafs | QSHL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1939–40 | Verdun Maple Leafs | Mem. Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 16 | ||
1940–41 | Montreal Canadiens (Sr.) | QSHL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1941–42 | Montreal Canadiens (Sr.) | QSHL | 31 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 27 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | ||
1942–43 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 16 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1943–44 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 46 | 32 | 22 | 54 | 45 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 10 | ||
1944–45 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 50 | 50 | 23 | 73 | 46 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 10 | ||
1945–46 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 50 | 27 | 22 | 49 | 50 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 15 | ||
1946–47 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 60 | 45 | 26 | 71 | 69 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 44 | ||
1947–48 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 53 | 28 | 25 | 53 | 89 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1948–49 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 59 | 20 | 18 | 38 | 110 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 14 | ||
1949–50 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 70 | 43 | 22 | 65 | 114 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||
1950–51 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 65 | 42 | 24 | 66 | 97 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 13 | ||
1951–52 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 48 | 27 | 17 | 44 | 44 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 | ||
1952–53 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 70 | 28 | 33 | 61 | 112 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 2 | ||
1953–54 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 70 | 37 | 30 | 67 | 112 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 22 | ||
1954–55 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 67 | 38 | 36 | 74 | 125 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1955–56 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 70 | 38 | 33 | 71 | 89 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 24 | ||
1956–57 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 63 | 33 | 29 | 62 | 27 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 8 | ||
1957–58 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 28 | 15 | 19 | 34 | 28 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 10 | ||
1958–59 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 42 | 17 | 21 | 38 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
1959–60 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | 51 | 19 | 16 | 35 | 50 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | ||
NHL totals | 978 | 544 | 422 | 966 | 1,285 | 133 | 82 | 44 | 126 | 188 |
Awards and honours
Award | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|
First team All-Star | 1944–45, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1954–55, 1955–56 |
[31] |
Second Team All-Star | 1943–44, 1950–51 1951–52, 1952–53 1953–54, 1956–57 |
[31] |
8x Stanley Cup champion | 1943–44, 1945–46, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60 | |
Hart Trophy Most valuable player |
1946–47 | [138] |
Award | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Canadian Press male athlete of the year | 1952, 1957 1958 |
[119] |
Lou Marsh Trophy Canadian athlete of the year |
1957 | [120] |
See also
Archives
There is a Maurice Richard fonds at Library and Archives Canada.[139] The archival reference number is R9534.[140]
References
Footnotes
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- ^ Foran 2011, pp. 25–26
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 26
- ^ a b c d e f Podnieks 2003, p. 723
- ^ a b Carrier 2001, p. 37
- ^ O'Brien 1961, p. 29
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 36
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 37
- ^ a b c d e f g h Maurice Richard playing card, National Hockey League, retrieved March 3, 2014
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 41
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 45
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 47
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- ^ Foran 2011, p. 41
- ^ a b Foran 2011, p. 42
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 48
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 55
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 43
- ^ a b Maurice Richard biography, Hockey Hall of Fame, retrieved March 10, 2014
- ^ a b c An emblematic icon of the Montreal Canadiens, Maurice Richard's influence and impact transcended the game, Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club, archived from the original on November 23, 2021, retrieved March 10, 2014
- ^ Foran 2011, pp. 44–45
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- ^ "Charles Mayer". Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. 1971. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
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- ^ "Maurice Richard holds new National League scoring mark", Nashua Telegraph, p. 9, December 29, 1944, retrieved March 12, 2014
- ^ Campbell, Neil (February 9, 1976), "Sittler's 10 points bring bundle of records", Ottawa Citizen, p. 15, retrieved March 12, 2014
- ^ a b c McKinley 2006, p. 141
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- ^ MacDonald, D. A. L. (March 18, 1955), "Mob rule wrecks Forum, game", The Gazette, Montreal, p. 1, retrieved March 30, 2014
- ^ 1688 to 1923: Geloso, Vincent, A Price Index for Canada, 1688 to 1850 (December 6, 2016). Afterwards, Canadian inflation numbers based on Statistics Canada tables 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) "Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 17, 2021. and table 18-10-0004-13 "Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
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- ^ a b Foran 2011, p. 100
- ^ Carrier 2001, p. 229
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- ^ Lavigne 2013, p. 307
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- ^ a b "Rocket Richard out 6 weeks", Daytona Beach Morning Journal, p. 11, January 21, 1959, retrieved March 31, 2014
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- ^ "Maurice (the Rocket) Richard Retires", The Gazette, Montreal, p. 25, September 16, 1960, retrieved August 3, 2016
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- ^ a b c Grimsley, Will (October 22, 1988), "Richard: The original Rocket", The Telegraph, Nashua, NH, p. C10, retrieved April 1, 2014
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- ^ a b Murray, Jim (April 22, 1966), "'Rocket' used sheer terror on puck foes", Milwaukee Sentinel, p. Pt. 2, Pg. 3, retrieved April 1, 2014[permanent dead link]
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- ^ Foran 2011, p. 129
- ^ "Maurice Richard resigning as Canadiens' vice-president", The Gazette, Montreal, p. 21, August 30, 1965, retrieved April 2, 2014
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 134
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 135
- ^ Foran 2011, p. 133
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- ^ Melançon 2009, p. 52
- ^ Bauch, Hubert (July 28, 1972), "Rocket returns – as Quebec WHA pilot", The Gazette, Montreal, p. 15, retrieved April 2, 2014
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{{citation}}
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- ^ Melançon 2009, p. 13
- ^ Rocket Richard dead at 78, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, December 18, 2000, archived from the original on November 23, 2021, retrieved August 3, 2016
- ^ Répertoire des personnages inhumés au cimetière ayant marqué l'histoire de notre société (in French). Montreal: Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.
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{{citation}}
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- ^ Melançon 2009, p. 114
- ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1975, starting at 12:47
- ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1975, starting at 5:51
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- ^ Blake, Jason (August 2009), Two Hockey Solitudes in the Rocket: A Cultural History of Maurice Richard, Humanities & Social Sciences Online, retrieved April 2, 2014
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- ^ "Maurice Richard fonds description at Library and Archives Canada". November 25, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- ^ "Finding Aid of Maurice Richard fonds" (PDF). Retrieved November 4, 2022.
General
- Career statistics: Maurice Richard playing card, National Hockey League, retrieved March 3, 2014
- Cameron, Steve, ed. (2013), Hockey Hall of Fame Book of Players, Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books, ISBN 978-1-77085-224-2
- Looking back on the milestone Richard Riot, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, March 17, 1975, retrieved August 21, 2018
- Carrier, Roch (2001), Our Life With The Rocket: The Maurice Richard Story, Fischman, Sheila (translator), Toronto, Ontario: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-670-88375-1
- Diamond, Dan (2013), National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book 2014, Toronto, Ontario: Diamond Sports Data, Inc., ISBN 978-1-894801-26-3
- Foran, Charles (2011), Maurice Richard, Toronto, Ontario: Penguin Books, ISBN 978-0-670-06412-0
- Lavigne, Carl, ed. (2013), 2013–14 Montreal Canadiens Media Guide, Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club
- McKinley, Michael (2006), Hockey: A People's History, Toronto, Ontario: McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-5769-5
- Melançon, Benoît (2009), The Rocket: A Cultural History, Reed, Fred A. (translator), Vancouver, British Columbia: Greystone Books, ISBN 978-1-55365-336-3
- O'Brien, Andy (1961), Rocket Richard, Toronto, Ontario: Ryerson Press
- O'Brien, Andy (2001), Rocket Richard, Toronto, Ontario: Ryerson Press, ISBN 978-0-9686220-4-9
- Pincus, Arthur (2006), The Official Illustrated NHL History, Montreal, Quebec: Reader's Digest, ISBN 0-88850-800-X
- Podnieks, Andrew (2003), Players: The ultimate A–Z guide of everyone who has ever played in the NHL, Toronto, Ontario: Doubleday Canada, ISBN 0-385-25999-9
External links
- Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or Legends of Hockey, or The Internet Hockey Database
- "Rocket" Richard: The Legend – The Legacy – Canadian Museum of History
- "Maurice Richard". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.