Maxwell (unit)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
maxwell
Unit system
Gaussian units
Unit ofmagnetic flux
SymbolMx
Named afterJames Clerk Maxwell
Derivation1 G⋅cm2
Conversions
1 Mx in ...... is equal to ...
   Gaussian base units   1 cm3/2g1/2s−1
   
SI units
   ≘ 10−8 Wb

The maxwell (symbol: Mx) is the CGS (centimetre–gram–second) unit of magnetic flux (Φ).[1]

History

The unit name honours James Clerk Maxwell,[2] who presented a unified theory of electromagnetism. The maxwell was recommended as a CGS unit at the International Electrical Congress held in 1900 at Paris.[3] This practical unit was previously called a line,[4] reflecting Faraday's conception of the magnetic field as curved lines of magnetic force,[5] which he designated as line of magnetic induction.[4] Kiloline (103 line) and megaline (106 line) were sometimes used because 1 line was very small relative to the phenomena that it was used to measure.[5]

The maxwell was affirmed again unanimously as the unit name for magnetic flux at the Plenary Meeting of the

Giorgi system), and the name weber was proposed for the practical unit of magnetic flux (Φ), subject to approval of various national committees, which was achieved in 1935.[7]
The weber was thus adopted as a practical unit of magnetic flux by the IEC.

Definition

The maxwell is a non-

1 maxwell = 1 gauss × (centimetre)2

That is, one maxwell is the total flux across a surface of one square centimetre perpendicular to a magnetic field of strength one gauss.

The weber is the related SI unit of magnetic flux, which was defined in 1946.[9]

1 maxwell ≘ 10−4 tesla × (10−2 metre)2 = 10−8 weber

See also

References

  1. (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-04, retrieved 2021-12-16, p. 128
  2. , pp. 53–56
  3. ^ "Séance de clôture". Congrès international d'électricité (in French). Paris: Gauthier-Villars. 1901. p. 354.
  4. ^ . Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b Klein, Herbert Arthur (1988) [1974]. The science of measurement: A historical survey. Dover. p. 481.
  6. PMID 16587728
    .
  7. .
  8. ^ "Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants (contd.)". SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) [8th edition, 2006; updated in 2014]. Bureau international des poids et mesures. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  9. (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-04, retrieved 2021-12-16, p. 144