May 1966

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May 25, 1966: NASA unveils the gigantic Saturn V rocket (pictured: 1969 Apollo 10 rocket)
May 26, 1966: British Guiana becomes independent as Guyana
May 19, 1966: Flight of the Valkyrie first to pass Mach 3
May 18, 1966: Canadian Parliament building bombed by terrorists

The following events occurred in May 1966:

May 1, 1966 (Sunday)

  • brain damage and he would remain in a coma until his death on August 29.[3]
  • For the first time in the
    Tây Ninh Province along South Vietnam's border with the neutral nation.[4] When it was determined that the shelling was coming from the other side of the Cai Bac River that separated the two nations, Lt. Col. Richard L. Prillaman of the 2nd Infantry invoked the right of self-defense within the rules of engagement, and fired shells across the river into a Viet Cong position on the other side.[5]
  • Senator
    Colombian presidential election, easily defeating his little-known challenger, lawyer Jose Jaramillo Giraldo.[6] With a margin of 1,891,175 votes against the 742,133 for Jaramillo, Lleras Restrepo polled 71.4% of the ballots. More than 60 percent of eligible voters declined to participate in the election, the highest ever up to that time.[7]
  • The First of May Group, an armed Spanish organization fighting the regime of dictator Francisco Franco, staged its first attack, kidnapping the ecclesiastic adviser for the Spanish Embassy to the Vatican, Monsignor Marcos Ussia.[8] Ussia, taken captive as he was driving to his house, remained missing for ten days, before he was released unharmed on May 11.[9][10]
  • Fantasy novelist Diana L. Paxson staged the first "medieval-themed" event for what would later be called the Society for Creative Anachronism, restaging combat between armored knights, as well as recreating other aspects of festivals in medieval England.[11]
  • The Genevieve E. Yates Memorial Centre was officially opened at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.[12]
  • Born:
    Abdelhakim Belhadj, Libyan politician and military leader; in Souq al Jum'aa, Tripoli[13]

May 2, 1966 (Monday)

Denton in POW camp

May 3, 1966 (Tuesday)

Governor Lurleen Wallace
  • intestinal cancer.[22] After being treated successfully in 1965, the cancer had recurred only five months after she took office.[23]
  • Prime Minister of Canada Lester B. Pearson narrowly avoided a censure by the Canadian House of Commons, after being accused of perjury for contradicting testimony given by Canadian police in hearings on the Gerda Munsinger sex scandal. The vote, which would likely have brought down the Pearson government and led to the calling of new parliamentary elections, failed to pass, 106 to 133.[24]
  • "Pirate" radio stations Swinging Radio England and Britain Radio commenced broadcasting on AM, with a combined potential 100,000 watts, from the same ship anchored off the south coast of England in international waters.[25]

May 4, 1966 (Wednesday)

Willie Mays

May 5, 1966 (Thursday)

  • The first of three
    strikes by bank employees in Ireland began, shutting down 900 banks in both the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland.[33] These strikes would provide economists with a unique opportunity to study the functioning of a modern economy without access to cash deposits.[34] "Businesses with large cash intakes each day are getting rid of their surplus by making deals with firms that have large weekly payrolls but take no cash. One large brewery has taken on the role of banker for pubs. Saloons are favorite places for cashing cheques", a report during the strike noted.[35] An early settlement would be reached in Northern Ireland, but the strike in the Irish Republic would not be settled until July 29.[36] A second strike, in 1970, would last more than six months, and the third and final one would go for more than two months in 1976.[37]
  • In Game Six of the best-of-seven Stanley Cup finals, the Montreal Canadiens defeated the Detroit Red Wings, 3–2 in sudden death overtime, to win the championship of the National Hockey League. Detroit had won the first two games of the series, and Montreal then won the next four. After 2 minutes and 20 seconds in the extra period, Henri Richard rebounded the blocked shot of Dave Balon and sent the puck past the Red Wings' Roger Crozier for the win.[38]
  • In the
    1966 European Cup Winners' Cup Final at Hampden Parkin Glasgow, Borussia Dortmund of West Germany defeated England's Liverpool F.C., 2–1, at 17 minutes into extra time after the game was tied at the end of 90 minutes. Reinhard Libuda hit a "perfectly judged cross" past Tommy Lawrence, who had blocked the first shot at goal.[39][40]
  • The 1966 Cannes Film Festival opened.
  • Born:

May 6, 1966 (Friday)

  • South Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ backtracked on the April promise to hold free elections for a civilian government by September 1966, announcing instead that the late September voting would be limited to an assembly that would draft a new constitution. Upon completion of that document, an election for a national legislature would be scheduled, and that legislature would then appoint a civilian government. Until then, Kỳ told reporters in Cần Thơ, the military regime would stay in power "for at least another year".[42]
  • Donald K. Slayton and several other astronauts (notably Joseph P. Kerwin) voiced concern regarding the purposes and proposed work statement for the S-IVB spent-stage experiment support module. As well as pointing out the general lack of experiment planning and hardware, Slayton and Kerwin noted a number of operational and safety concerns surrounding purging the stage's hydrogen tank to create a habitable structure in space.[43]
  • Myra Hindley, guilty of murdering two of the victims, 17-year-old Edward Evans and 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, as the Moors murders trial concluded. Hindley was acquitted of assisting in Brady's murder of 12-year-old John Kilbride. Their multiple life sentences (three for Brady, two for Hindley) were set to run concurrently.[44] Trial had been held in Chester, in the county of Cheshire.[45]

May 7, 1966 (Saturday)

  • In China, Chairman Mao Zedong issued the "
    May Seventh Directive", declaring that "the phenomenon of bourgeois intellectuals reigning over our schools can no longer be allowed to continue." Starting in 1968, professors, teachers, government bureaucrats and other white-collar workers would be moved to rural areas, sometimes for several years, to work on farms in order to "live and labor like peasants"; in their recreational time, they were expected to study the works of Mao and of Karl Marx. The forced labor camps would be referred to during the Cultural Revolution as "May 7th Cadre Schools".[46]
  • Founded by
    pub in Shankill. Instead, the fire killed Matilda Gould, a 76-year-old Protestant widow who lived next door to the pub.[48]
  • The
    Paint It, Black", which would become the first number one hit single in the U.S. and UK to feature music from the Indian string instrument, the sitar (played by guitarist Brian Jones
    ).

May 8, 1966 (Sunday)

May 9, 1966 (Monday)

  • The
    Lithium-6; China would successfully explode its first hydrogen bomb on June 17, 1967.[53]
  • The
    Jaisukh Lal Hathi, then Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs, but the bill failed in this first attempt.[54]

May 10, 1966 (Tuesday)

May 11, 1966 (Wednesday)

  • Replying to a suggestion by MSC Director
    George E. Mueller deferred any action toward implementing a competitive effort for such work. This was necessary, he said, because of the present unsettled nature of AAP planning. Because of revisions in AAP mission planning as a result of joint Center-Headquarters discussions in mid-April 1966, however, Mueller told Gilruth that he was ordering Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to undertake a parallel study to evaluate a refurbished CSM versus an Apollo Lunar Module (LEM) laboratory for the AAP experiments program.[43]
  • Heysel Stadium in Brussels.[60]

May 12, 1966 (Thursday)

May 13, 1966 (Friday)

May 14, 1966 (Saturday)

May 15, 1966 (Sunday)

Hernández
  • Died: Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, 83, former military dictator of El Salvador, was stabbed to death by his chauffeur, Jose Cipriano Morales, in the Jamastran valley of Honduras, where he had been living in exile.[75] Cipriano's father had been one of the 30,000 people murdered by the dictator's "White Guards" between 1931 and 1944.[76]

May 16, 1966 (Monday)

Westland
Mrowa
  • Died:
    • Kamel Mrowa, 52, publisher of the Lebanon conservative newspaper Al-Hayat. Mrowa, who frequently criticized Egypt's President Nasser and other Arab leaders, was shot to death in his office.[83]
    • Tu'i Malila, 188, a tortoise that Captain Cook had given to the Tongan royal family in 1777.[84]

May 17, 1966 (Tuesday)

  • Gemini Agena target vehicle 5004 was on its way toward an orbit 185 miles (298 km) above the Earth. Launch and flight were normal until about 120 seconds after liftoff, 10 seconds before booster engine cutoff. At that point, booster engine No. 2 on Atlas target launch vehicle 5303 swiveled and went "under sustained thrust, but at a down angle", according to the NASA statement. The Agena fell into the Atlantic Ocean some 90 miles (140 km) off the Florida coast about seven and one-half minutes after launch. Subsequent investigation indicated that the failure had been caused by a short in the servo control circuit.[85][86]
  • At midnight, 7,500,000 government employees and private workers in France began a 24-hour strike in protest of the strict wage policies of President Charles de Gaulle. Newspapers did not publish, the state-operated radio and television networks went off the air, telephones ceased to operate, subway trains and buses did not run, garbage went uncollected, and electricity and natural gas were in short supply.[87] Closed also were taxis, barber shops, bakeries, laundries and thousands of factories, and those restaurants that remained open "served only cold meals or just one hot dish" because of a shortage of power.[88]
  • Jesus Christ/Was betrayed by a kiss/But I can’t think for you/You’ll have to decide/Whether Judas Iscariot/Had God on his side".[89]
  • Mafia chief Joseph Bonanno, nicknamed "Joe Bananas", surrendered to federal agents in New York City after being gone for 19 months. Bonanno had vanished on October 21, 1964, the day before he was scheduled to appear before a federal grand jury.[90]
  • Recycling operations began immediately after the cancellation of the Gemini 9 mission. The mission was redesignated Gemini 9A.[86]
  • Born: Qusay Hussein, designated successor to his father, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the second most powerful man in Iraq at the time of his death. Qusay would be killed in a gun battle with U.S. forces during a raid in 2003; in Baghdad[91]

May 18, 1966 (Wednesday)

  • The Parliament of Canada came under a terrorist attack for the first time in the nation's 99-year history, when a bomb exploded in a restroom a few doors away from the office of Prime Minister Pearson in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings. One person, 45-year-old Joseph Chartier, was killed in the explosion. At the time, Pearson was attending the ongoing session of the House of Commons. Afterward, police determined that Chartier himself was the perpetrator.[92][93] Chartier left behind a notebook at his apartment, saying that his intention was "to drop a bomb and kill as many as possible for the rotten way you are running this country" and added, "Mr. Speaker, gentlemen: I might as well give you a blast to wake you up. For one whole year. I have thought of nothing but how to exterminate as many of you as possible."[94] Other Chartier writings showed that he had calculated that he would have two and a half minutes to light the dynamite fuse, walk from the men's room to the Commons chambers, and throw in his bomb; but that he had misjudged the amount of time.[95]
  • NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller held a major technical planning session on the AAP with principal NASA Headquarters AAP officials and representatives of the three crewed spacecraft Centers. Programmatic and design decisions included the concept of a "dependent" spent-stage experiment support module (SSESM) and S-IVB Workshop (i.e., fuel cells in the CSM would support the entire vehicle); a process by which expendables in the SSESM would be fed to the CSM via external umbilicals; and development of extended-duration fuel cell assemblies for long-duration synchronous and lunar orbit AAP missions. Also, Mueller reaffirmed an early 1968 schedule for availability of the first SSESM.[43]
  • Mame, a musical based on the 1955 novel Auntie Mame, opened on Broadway and began a run of 1,508 performances over the next three and a half years. With music and lyrics by Jerry Herman, Mame starred Angela Lansbury in the title role, and Bea Arthur portrayed Vera Charles, a role for which Arthur would win a Tony Award.[96] The musical would close on January 3, 1970.
  • NASA decided to launch the
    augmented target docking adapter (ATDA) because of the failure on the previous day of Atlas target launch vehicle (TLV) 5303 and the loss of Gemini Agena target vehicle 5004. TLV-5304 was removed from storage and began modification to serve as the launch vehicle for the ATDA.[86]
  • The 1966 Giro d'Italia bicycle race began in Monte Carlo. Italian cyclist Gianni Motta would win the 3,976-kilometre (2,471 mi) race to Trieste on June 8.[97]
  • The 1966 European Judo Championships were held in Luxembourg.[98]

May 19, 1966 (Thursday)

  • The XB-70 Valkyrie strategic bomber became the first vehicle to hold a sustained speed (more than half an hour) in excess of Mach 3. Literally moving faster than a speeding bullet, at three times the speed of sound, the six-engine jet aircraft was flown at its "triplesonic" speed of more than 2,000 miles per hour (3,200 km/h) for 32 minutes by test pilot Al White of North American Aviation, and his co-pilot, USAF Colonel Joe Cotton. Friction from the air heated the outside of the aircraft to 620 °F (327 °C).[99] As the plane returned to Edwards Air Force Base in California, the two pilots discovered that the landing gear would not lower because of a short circuit; Colonel Cotton reportedly "used a paper clip to short circuit an electrical terminal" to lower the gear, sparing the crew from having "to bail out and abandon the $500 million craft".[100]
  • The Dissolution Honours List, issued by the outgoing UK government, included 12 new life peers.[101]
  • Leroy Grumman retired as chairman of Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co..
  • Died:
    • Theodore F. Green, 98, U.S. Senator for Rhode Island from 1937 to 1961; he was known as "The Grand Old Man of the Senate" because he was 69 when he took office and served until age 93. At the time, Green was the oldest person to have served in the U.S. Senate, a record later broken by Strom Thurmond, who was 100 when his term as U.S. Senator from South Carolina expired in 2003.
    • Alirio Ugarte Pelayo, 43, Venezuelan politician who was preparing to form his own political party as a presidential candidate. Ugarte, who had been suspended from the URD after being the front-runner for their nomination, invited reporters to his home for a press conference, but when the journalists arrived, they found him dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.[102]

May 20, 1966 (Friday)

May 21, 1966 (Saturday)

  • A sentry for the Army of Cuba was shot and killed by a U.S. Marine guard firing from the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. Cuban radio identified the dead man as Luis Ramirez Lopez.[108] The U.S. Department of Defense acknowledged the shooting three days later, and said that the Marine guard had told investigators that the Cuban sentry had been an intruder inside the base's fence, and had ignored a warning shot. The Marine, not identified, told his superiors that he had fired again and thought he had wounded the sentry, who, despite being wounded, "was able to surmount the fence and leave the area".[109][110]
  • In Northern Ireland, the Protestant Ulster Volunteer Force issued its "declaration of war" against the Roman Catholic Irish Republican Army, a statement that appeared in Belfast newspapers. "From this day we declare war against the IRA", UVF Chief of Staff William Johnston wrote. "Known IRA men will be executed mercilessly and without hesitation. We will not tolerate any interference from any source and we solemnly warn the authorities to make no more speeches of appeasement."[111]
  • The Broadway production of The Subject Was Roses, starring Jack Albertson, Irene Dailey and Martin Sheen, closed after 832 performances, two Tony Awards and one Pulitzer Prize. Albertson and Sheen would reprise their roles for the 1968 film adaptation, for which Albertson would win an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor.[112]
  • Died: Pat O'Malley, 75, American film actor

May 22, 1966 (Sunday)

May 23, 1966 (Monday)

  • Justice Hugo Black delivered the opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court in Mills v. Alabama, striking down, as unconstitutional, an Alabama court ruling that had held that the printing of a newspaper editorial on an election day could be punishable as a crime. The case arose from the arrest of James E. Mills, the editor of the Birmingham Post-Herald, on November 6, 1962, for urging Post-Herald readers to vote in favor of a measure to reorganize the city government. Black noted that such an interpretation "muzzles one of the very agencies the framers of our Constitution thoughtfully and deliberately selected to improve our society and keep it free." [117]
  • The conflict between Cuba and the United States naval base at Guantánamo Province escalated as six Cuban soldiers and an unreported number of U.S. Marines exchanged gunfire at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. According to the U.S., the Cuban soldiers had slipped through the boundary fence and onto the base, and then opened fire. Nobody on either side was wounded.[118]
  • Born:
  • Died: Prince Demchugdongrub, 64, Mongol Chinese politician and puppet ruler who had been chairman of the Mongolian military government that led Inner Mongolia in a secession from China in 1938 during the invasion by Japan, and later was the ruler of the Japanese-sponsored Kingdom of Mengjiang from 1939 to 1945, when Inner Mongolia was reincorporated into China.

May 24, 1966 (Tuesday)

picture1
picture 2
May 24, 1966: President Obote orders General Idi Amin to attack the Kabaka of Buganda
  • On orders of Uganda's President
    Mutesa II, the Kabaka (paramount chief) of the rebellious traditional kingdom. Outnumbered, the 120 royal bodyguards defended the palace for twelve hours while Mutesa II escaped. Amin then carried out the elimination of "all living creatures that did not leave the palace in time", whether elderly or young, and the destruction of the traditional relics— "drums, spears, crowns, insignia, stools, and so on".[103] Mutesa, who had sneaked out during a rainstorm, was sheltered by two families, then spirited out of the country to neighboring Burundi. He eventually settled in the United Kingdom.[120]
    Colonel Amin would stage a military coup in 1971, deposing Obote to become the new president.
MV Kaitawa

May 25, 1966 (Wednesday)

May 26, 1966 (Thursday)

Forbes Burnham
  • At midnight, the colony of British Guiana was granted independence as the nation of Guyana, with Forbes Burnham as its first Prime Minister. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and the Duchess of Kent appeared on behalf of Queen Elizabeth.[133][134][135]
  • In the annual U.S. presidential proclamation of the last Monday in May as Memorial Day, President Johnson pledged that the United States would not pull out of the Vietnam War until victory had been achieved. "This nation has never left the field of battle in abject surrender of a cause for which it has fought", Johnson wrote. "We shall not do so now. We shall see this through."[136]
  • On the same day, the United States military command announced that the number of American casualties in Vietnam in the week of May 15–21 marked the highest up to that time in the war, with 146 Americans killed and 820 wounded. The 966 casualties was 36% higher than the previous record of 710 in the week of November 14–20, 1965, when 86 were killed and 565 wounded.[137]
  • A new Learjet 24 completed a round-the-world flight, landing at the Lear Jet company airfield near Wichita, Kansas at 11:31 a.m., 66 hours and 19 minutes after its departure from Wichita almost three days earlier. The flight was a promotion "to demonstrate the versatility of the plane for world-wide business use".[138]
  • Born:
  • Died: Don Castle, 47, American film actor and television producer; of an accidental overdose of pain medication

May 27, 1966 (Friday)

picture1
picture 2
Finland's Prime Ministers Paasio and Virolainen
  • Rafael Paasio replaced Johannes Virolainen as Prime Minister of Finland and, for the first time since 1948, included members of Finland's Communist Party in the government. The Communist government ministers had been invited to join in order for the coalition government to win two-thirds majority approval by the 200-seat Finnish Parliament, where Paasio's Social Democratic party had a plurality with only 55 seats, compared to the Centrists' 49 and the Communists' 26.[139]
  • After getting lost during a training mission and running out of fuel,
    Morón Air Base, both operated jointly by Spain and the United States. The six planes crashed in the sparsely populated countryside in western Spain near the frontier with Portugal.[140]
  • Born:

May 28, 1966 (Saturday)

  • Cuba's Prime Minister Fidel Castro ordered a state of alert for the Cuban armed forces, and told citizens in a nationwide television and radio address to be prepared for an attack from the United States. Castro said that statements by U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk had "practically threatened Cuba with war". The next day, tens of thousands of military reservists were recalled for active duty.[141]
  • The boat ride "It's a Small World" permanently moved to Disneyland shortly after the closing of the New York World's Fair in 1965.[142]

May 29, 1966 (Sunday)

Estadio Azteca

May 30, 1966 (Monday)

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England's Hill and Scotland's Clark
  • English driver Graham Hill won the 50th Indianapolis 500, ahead of Scotland's Jim Clark, whose team protested that Hill had actually been one lap behind Clark when the checkered flag was waved to end the race. Only seven of the 33 cars, the lowest number ever, actually finished the race. Before even reaching the first turn, 11 of the cars had been eliminated in a 16-car pileup, delaying the race for nearly an hour and a half. Another Scotsman, Jackie Stewart, had been leading the race with only ten laps left, but his engine failed.[147] The next day, Clark's crew reviewed the official racing charts and determined that they (and the operators of the official scoreboard) had overlooked Hill passing by while Clark was at a pit stop. The scorers had corrected the error later in the race and added a lap for Hill on the scoreboard.[148]
  • Surveyor 1, the first American lunar exploration probe, was launched from Cape Kennedy toward a soft landing at the Oceanus Procellarum, the Moon's "Ocean of Storms", and would confirm Soviet discoveries about the suitability of the lunar surface for a crewed landing.[149] On the same day, the Soviet Union lost radio contact with Luna 10, which on April 3 had become the first space probe to orbit the Moon.[150]
  • Died:

May 31, 1966 (Tuesday)

  • Only a few years after most Negroes had effectively been barred, by state voter registration laws, from voting in Alabama, former postal worker Lucius Amerson became the first African-American to win a Democratic Party nomination for a major office in that state, defeating incumbent Macon County Sheriff Harvey Sadler in the primary.[151] In the general election, Amerson would defeat two white opponents who had run against him in the May primary, to become "the only member of his race to hold the office in the South"[152] and the first black sheriff since the Reconstruction Era.
  • One day after their arrest on charges of conspiring to assassinate President Joseph Mobutu, a military tribunal in the former Belgian Congo tried and convicted former Congolese Prime Minister Évariste Kimba and three other former cabinet ministers, and sentenced them to be hanged in public.[153] After a 90-minute proceeding, Prime Minister Kimba, Defense Minister Jeromy Anany, Finance Minister Emmanuel Bamba, and Alexandre Mahamba, were found guilty, and all four were hanged in front of 80,000 spectators two days later.[154]

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