Mayan Revival architecture
Maya Revival is a modern
History
Origins
Though the name of the style refers specifically to the
Historian Marjorie Ingle traces the history of this style to the
In the Art Deco period
Several prominent architects worked in this style, including
Wright's son, landscape architect and architect
Wright's disciple Arata Endo constructed the Kōshien Hotel in the 1930s, heavily influenced by the architecture of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.
Commissioned in 1953, the massive pyramid of the Beth Sholom Synagogue with its geometric roof detailing is perhaps the most direct Wright evocation of Maya form.
Prominent examples
Likely the most publicized example of Mayan Revival was Robert Stacy-Judd's Aztec Hotel of 1924–1925. Its façade, interiors and furniture incorporated abstract patterns inspired by the Maya script with Art Deco influences, and it was built on the original U.S. Route 66 in Monrovia, California.
Stacy-Judd was directly influenced by John Lloyd Stephens writings, and perhaps even more so by the illustrations by Frederick Catherwood as presented in their book Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan,[4] a work that introduced many to the wondrous ruins of Central America. In it Stacy-Judd explains the choice of the name of the hotel: "When the hotel project was first announced, the word Maya was unknown to the layman. The subject of Maya culture was only of archaeological importance, a, at that, concerned but a few exponents. As a word Aztec was fairly well known, I baptized the hotel with that name, although all the decorative motifs are Maya."[5] Although the buildings use of reinforced concrete to create the intricate designs on the exterior one opinionated observer wrote: "The bizarre Aztec forms may create the atmosphere desired, and will serve the legitimate publicity interests of the establishment, but it would be deplorable if an 'Aztec Movement' set in and the style copyists were diverted from noble examples to the forms of a semi-barbaric people."[6]
Other prominent buildings in this style include:
- the Henry Bollman House in Los Angeles by Lloyd Wright, 1922[7]
- the Aurora Elks Lodge in Aurora, Illinois, 1926
- the Stiles O. Clements, 1927
- the Petroleum Building, Houston, by the Anglo-American architect Alfred Bossom, a notable proponent of Mayan Revival, 1927
- the Casino Club building in San Antonio, Texas, 1927.
- and the Sylvanus G. Morley was involved in the design,[8]1928
- the Smith Hinchman & Grylls, 1928–1929
- 450 Sutter Street in San Francisco by Timothy L. Pflueger, 1929
- United Office Building in Niagara Falls, New York by James A. Johnson of Esenwein & Johnson, 1929
- the Mayan Theater in Denver by Montana Fallis, 1929–1930
- the Lincoln Theater in Marion, Virginia. 1929
- the Berkeley Public Library, 1934
- the Hall of Waters in Excelsior Springs, Missouri, 1937. National Register of Historic Places.
- Art and History Museums—Maitland Art Center, Maitland, FL, 1938. Winter artist colony designed by J. Andre Smith. National Historic Landmark
-
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Japan
-
Millard House in Pasadena, United States
-
Ennis House in Los Angeles, United States
-
Storer House in Los Angeles, United States
-
Entrance of 450 Sutter Street, San Francisco, United States
-
A pillar featuring the Maya rain god Chaac in the Art Deco interior of the Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City.
-
The Guardian building in Detroit, United States
-
The Mayan Theatre inDenver, Colorado, United States dates from the 1930s
-
The Berkeley Public Library on Shattuck Ave in Berkeley, United States
See also
- Art Deco of the 20s and 30s
- Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties
- Mesoamerican architecture
- Maya art
- México City México Temple
References
- ^ Ingle, Marjorie, Maya Revival Style: Art Deco Maya Fantasy, Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City 1984 p. v
- ^ Ingle, Marjorie, Mayan Revival Style: Art Deco Mayan Fantasy, Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City 1984 p. 1
- ^ Ingle, Marjorie I. The Mayan Revival Style: Art Deco Mayan Fantasy. University of New Mexico Press. 1989
- ^ Gebhard, David, photos by Anthony Peres, Robert Stacy-Judd: Maya Architecture-The Creation of a New Style, Capra Press, Santa Barbara 1993 p. 39
- ^ Gebhard, David, photos by Anthony Peres, Robert Stacy-Judd: Maya Architecture-The Creation of a New Style, Capra Press, Santa Barbara 1993 p. 41
- ^ Onderdonk, Francis S., The Ferro-Concrete Style:Reinforced Concrete in Modern Architecture, Architectural Book Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1928 PP. 121-122
- ^ "Los Angeles Department of City Planning RECOMMENDATION REPORT" (PDF).
- ^ Gebhard, David and Anthony Peres. Robert Stacy-Judd: Maya Architecture and the Creation of a New Style. Capra Press. 1993
Bibliography
- Barrett, John. "The Pan American Union: Peace, Friendship, Commerce." Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union. 1911
- Braun, Barbara. Pre-Columbian Art and the Post-Columbian World: Ancient American Sources of Modern Art. New York. Harry N. Abrams. 1993.
- Gebhard, David and Peres, Anthony. Robert Stacy-Judd: Maya Architecture and the Creation of a New Style. Capra Press. 1993.
- Ingle, Marjorie I. The Mayan Revival Style: Art Deco Mayan Fantasy. University of New Mexico Press. 1989.
- Lerner, Jesse. The Maya of Modernism: Art, Architecture, and Film. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2011.
- Phillips, Ruth Anne. Pre-Columbian Revival': Defining and Exploring a U.S. Architectural Style, 1910-1940. Ph.D. diss. (New York: City University of New York, 2007).
- Stacy-Judd, Robert B. Atlantis: Mother of Empires. Los Angeles. De Vorse & Co. 1939
- Stacy-Judd, Robert B. The Ancient Mayas, Adventures In the Jungles of Yucatan. Los Angeles. Haskell-Travers, Inc. 1934
- Stacy-Judd, Robert B. A Maya Manuscript. Los Angeles. Philosophical Research Society. 1940.
- Willard, T. A., The City of the Sacred Well, Being a Narrative of the Discoveries and Excavations of Edward Herbert Thompson in the Ancient City of Chi-chen Itza With Some Discourse on the Culture and Development of the Mayan Civilization as Revealed by Their Art and Architecture, Here Set Down and Illustrated From Photographs. New York. Century Co.1926