Medical University of Vienna
Medizinische Universität Wien | ||
Nobel Laureates 7 (University of Vienna: 15) | | |
Colors | Blue and White | |
---|---|---|
Nickname | MedUni Wien | |
Website | www.meduniwien.ac.at | |
Data as of 2016[update] |
The Medical University of Vienna (
The Medical University of Vienna is the largest medical organisation in Austria, as well as one of the top-level research institutions in
There have been seven
In the 2014–15 Times Higher Education Rankings, the Medical University of Vienna is listed among the top 15 medical schools in Europe and 49th in the world for category of Clinical, Pre-Clinical and Health.[9]
In 2019, there were 8,217 applicants for 660 places in medicine proper and 80 in dentistry, which corresponds to an admission rate of about 9,01%[10] Admission is based upon ranking in an admission test called "MedAT", which is carried out every summer in conjunction with the three other public medical schools of Austria: the Medical University of Graz, the Medical University of Innsbruck and the Medical Faculty at the Johannes Kepler University Linz.
History
Founding
From the middle ages to the Age of Enlightenment
As the founding member of the Alma mater Rudolfina (
When the Vienna General Hospital opened in 1784, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into the most important research center. During the 19th century, the "Second Viennese Medical School" emerged with the contributions of physicians such as
At the height of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
At the beginning of the 20th century, Viennese Medicine belonged to the first class internationally. Clemens von Pirquet defined the concepts of "allergy" and "serum sickness," Ernst Peter Pick conducted significant experiments on the chemical specificity of immunological reactions, and the Vienna School of Dentistry (founded by Bernhard Gotlieb) reached its zenith in the 1920s. All four Nobel Prizes, which were granted to (former) Viennese physicians during the next decades Robert Bárány (1914), Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927), Karl Landsteiner (1930), and Otto Loewi (1936)], were the result of work undertaken at this time. The excellent tradition and research extended well into the First Austrian Republic. Under the auspices of the Medical Association of Vienna, which was founded in Vienna, well-received postgraduate courses for doctors worldwide were organized into the 1930s.
During the Second World War
With the annexation of Austria by
After the Second World War
In the aftermath of World War II difficult years lay ahead of the university. The past glory had faded considerably. Moreover, 75% of all university medical instructors had to be dismissed because of their moderate to heavy involvement with the National Socialist regime. They were gradually replaced by a newly trained generation of educators. This double rupture in Viennese Medicine, which occurred in just a few years, caused repercussions that lasted for long after the war.[13]
From the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna to the Medical University of Vienna
After the independence of the medical faculty as an independent institution the newly founded pure medical university could reposition itself in international research and regain international recognition.
The Medical University of Vienna is the reference center of Siemens for the seven Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner "MAGNETOM 7T". Founded in 2003, the High Field MR Centre (HFMR) acts today as a core research facility for the Medical University of Vienna. It combines basic research and development of methods with a strong focus on applications in neuroscience, musculoskeletal research, oncology and metabolism. The declared goal is to validate the potential of ultra-high field (UHF) MRI in clinical applications.[18]
Faculty and alumni
The Medical University of Vienna, through its history as the University of Vienna's Faculty of Medicine, has a long history of teaching and research. Some of the personalities having taught and learned at the institution are included in the following lists.
Faculty
Nobel Prize recipients
Name | Year | Nobel Prize in | Awarded for | Field | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Róbert Bárány
|
1914 | Physiology or Medicine | "his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" | Otorhinolaryngology | |
Julius Wagner-Jauregg | 1927 | Physiology or Medicine | "his discovery of the therapeutic value of dementia paralytica "
|
Neurophysiology | |
Hans Fischer | 1930 | Chemistry | "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin "
|
Natural products chemistry, Organic chemistry
| |
Karl Landsteiner | 1930 | Physiology or Medicine | "his discovery of human blood groups "
|
Hematology | |
Otto Loewi | 1936 | Physiology or Medicine | "their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses "
– jointly awarded with Sir Henry Hallett Dale |
Neurophysiology | |
Richard Kuhn | 1938 | Chemistry | "his work on carotenoids and vitamins" | Natural products chemistry, Organic chemistry
| |
Max Perutz | 1962 | Chemistry | "their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
– awarded jointly with John Cowdery Kendrew |
Biochemistry, Structural Chemistry |
Notable faculty
Name | Lived | Fields | Known for | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gerard van Swieten | 1700–1772 | Medicine | being court physician to Empress Maria Theresia | |
Anton de Haen | 1704–1776 | Medicine | being one of the first physicians to make routine use of the thermometer in medicine, and perceived that temperature was a valuable indication of illness and health | |
Maximilian Stoll | 1742–1787 | Medicine | ||
Leopold Auenbrugger | 1722–1809 | Medicine | invented percussion as a diagnostic technique, because of the strength of this discovery considered one of the founders of modern medicine | |
Anton von Störck | 1731–1803 | Medicine | his clinical research of various herbs, and their associated toxicity and medicinal properties. His studies are considered to be the pioneering work of experimental pharmacology and his method can be regarded as forming a blueprint for the clinical trials of modern medicine
| |
Johann Peter Frank | 1745–1821 | Hygiene, Public health | being credited as the first physician to describe clinical differences between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus, also credited as one of the first thinkers of public Hygiene and of a social medical oriented health service
| |
Johann Lucas Boër | 1751–1835 | Gynaecology, Obstetrics | established the field of obstetrics as an independent specialty | |
Georg Joseph Beer | 1763–1821 | Ophthalmology | introducing a flap operation for treatment of cataracts (Beer's operation), as well as popularizing the instrument used to perform the surgery (Beer's knife) | |
Carl von Rokitansky | 1804–1878 | physician, philosopher and liberal politician
|
Rokitansky's name is associated with the following diseases/morphologic features of disease:
| |
Theodor Billroth | 1829–1894 | founding father of modern abdominal surgery, amateur musician | first gastric cancer, first describer of the Billroth II-operation (still in use today)
| |
Sigmund Freud | 1856–1939 | neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis | creation of the field of psychoanalysis | |
Oskar Hirsch | 1877–1965 | otolaryngologist
|
pioneered transphenoidal surgery for pituitary gland surgery, together with Harvey Cushing laid the foundation for modern transsphenoidal surgery[19] | |
Viktor Frankl | 1905–1997 | neurologist and psychiatrist, Holocaust survivor | founding the field logotherapy, which is a form of existential analysis, the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy" |
Studies
Currently, there are five eligible programmes:
Medicine and dentistry both are of a duration of six years and require higher education entrance qualification. In Austria and Switzerland this would correspond to a Matura, in Germany the Abitur or similar qualifications from other EU countries. Language of instruction is German, but usually students are expected to be able to be fluent in English. A diploma thesis is required to graduate and can be written in German or English.
The courses of study lead to the degree of "Dr. med. univ." for medical doctors and "Dr. med. dent." for dentists, which correspond to MD in the United States or MBBS or MBChB in the United Kingdom. Graduates have the right to move freely within the European Union and to start a specialty training.
- Medical informatics
Medical informatics is a master's degree and requires a bachelor's degree (Bologna Process) for application.
- Programme of Applied medical science
- PhD
Applied medical science and PhDs are both postdoc programmes, i.e. they require a medical degree or similar. For students of the university, the possibility is given to start the PhD programme during the medical programme.
Museum
The Museum of the Medical University is mainly housed in the "Josephinum", designed and built in 1783–1785 to house the medical-surgical academy. The building includes a six-room collection of 1,192 wax anatomical and obstrectical models made in Florence by Clemente Susini under the supervision of Paolo Mascagni between 1784 and 1788.[21]
References
- ^ "Largest and longest-standing medical research institution in Austria". Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "Facts & Figures". Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 – Robert Bárány". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 – Karl Landsteiner". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ Landsteiner K (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie. 27: 357–62.
- ISBN 978-1134704934.
- ^ Eric R. Kandel The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present. New York: Random House 2012, pp. 45-46.
- ^ "Top 100 universities for Clinical, pre-clinical and health 2014-15". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 2014-10-01.
- ^ "Interesse am Medizinstudium steigt Insgesamt 16.443 verbindliche Anmeldungen für das Aufnahmeverfahren an den Medizinischen Universitäten in Österreich". Medical University of Vienna. 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
- ^ "History of the Medical University of Vienna". Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- S2CID 820239.
- ^ "History of the Medical University of Vienna". Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ "Top 100 universities for Clinical, pre-clinical and health 2013-14". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "Soldier Andrew Garthwaite moves bionic arm by thoughts". BBC News. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "MedUni Wien und AKH Wien bauen internationale Top-Position für die Versorgung mit bionischen Hi-Tech-Prothesen aus" (PDF). Department of surgery, Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "20 Years of Lung Transplantation in Austria". European Heart and Lung Transplant Federation. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "Medical University of Vienna MAGNETOM 7T Siemens International Reference Center". Siemens Healthcare. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- PMID 16381201.
- ^ "Cultural heritage". Medical University of Vienna. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
- ^ "Museum of the Medical University". WienTourismus. Retrieved 2013-01-10.