Medical uses of salicylic acid
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Routes of administration | topical | |
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Side effects include skin irritation, and salicylate poisoning.[2] Salicylate poisoning tends to only occur when applied to a large area and in children.[2] Use is thus not recommended in children less than two years old.[2] It comes in a number of different strengths.[3]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4][5] It is also available mixed with coal tar, zinc oxide, or benzoic acid.[3]
Medical uses
Salicylic acid as a medication is used to help remove the outer layer of the
Because of its effect on skin cells, salicylic acid is used in some shampoos to treat dandruff.[medical citation needed]
In modern medicine, salicylic acid and its derivatives are constituents of some "skin-reddening" products.[medical citation needed]
Side effects
Concentrated solutions of salicylic acid may cause hyperpigmentation on people with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick phototypes IV, V, VI), without a broad spectrum sunblock.[6][7] Due to sun sensitivity, sun protection is recommended when using salicylic acid on sun-exposed skin.[8]
Pregnancy
No studies examine topical salicylic acid in pregnancy. The risks of aspirin late in pregnancy are probably not relevant for a topical exposure to salicylic acid, even late in the pregnancy, because of its low systemic levels. Topical salicylic acid is common in many over-the-counter dermatological agents and the lack of adverse reports suggests a low risk.[9]
Overdose
Side effects include skin irritation, and salicylate poisoning.[2] Salicylate poisoning tends to only occur when applied to a large area and in children.[2] Use is thus not recommended in children less than two years old.[2] It comes in a number of different strengths.[3]
Salicylic acid overdose can lead metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis. In people presenting with an acute overdose, a 16% morbidity rate and a 1% mortality rate are observed.[10]
Mechanism of action
Salicylic acid works as a
History
Dioscorides, in the first century AD, described the use of an extract of what might have been willow bark (a plant he called Itea),[13] 'being burnt to ashes, and steeped in vinegar,'[14] for taking away 'corns and other like risings in the feet and toes.' The active ingredient in this mixture could have been salicylic acid, but it is a modern myth that willow was ever used to ease aches and pains or reduce fevers.[11][15]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Salicylic acid topical medical facts". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ ISBN 9780857111562.
- hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
- PMID 9935087.
- S2CID 44991940.
- ^ "Beta Hydroxy Acids in Cosmetics". Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Cosmetics and Colors Fact Sheet. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 7 March 2000. Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ O'Connell K, Shepard M, Ormond K, Pergament E (2000). "Acne and Pregnancy". Illinois Teratogen Information Service. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2012 – via Fetal-exposure.org.
- ^ Salicylate Toxicity at eMedicine
- ^ PMID 24472429.
- ISSN 1399-3054.
- ISBN 0-620-23435-0. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Gerard J. "Of the Willow Tree". Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Propatier S (22 May 2014). "The Mythology of Aspirin". Skeptoid Media, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2022.