Medici lions
The Medici lions are a pair of
Copies of the Medici lions have been made and publicly installed in over 30 other locations, and smaller versions made in a variety of media; Medici lion has become the term for the type.
A similar Roman lion sculpture, of the 1st century AD, is known as the
History
A pair of lions were required by
The second was made and signed
The Villa Medici was inherited by the house of Lorraine in 1737, and in 1787[3][10][11] the lions were moved to Florence, and since 1789[10] they flank the steps to the Loggia dei Lanzi at the Piazza della Signoria.
The sculptures were replaced by copies at the Villa Medici when Napoleon relocated the French Academy in Rome to the villa in 1803.[12] These copies were made by the French sculptor Augustin Pajou.[11]
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The original Medici lions at the Villa Medici (Giovanni Francesco Venturini 1691)
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The current Medici Lions at the Villa Medici in Rome
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Medici Lion by Augustin Pajou at the Villa Medici
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The Medici coat of arms with five balls, above Loggia dei leoni
Copies
The original Medici lions (1598) have since 1789 stood in the Loggia dei Lanzi, Piazza della Signoria, Florence. There is a smaller bronze left-looking sculpture attributed to Italian sculptor Pietro da Barga[13] and the same period.[8] Later copies or replicas include (ordered by first year):
Spain
- Twelve sculptures in bronze by Royal Alcazar of Madrid(1651):
- Four sculptures are now in the throne room [es] in the Royal Palace of Madrid (since 1764).[14]
- Eight sculptures are now in the Museo del Prado, of which four support the tabletop of Rodrigo Calderón.[14][15]
- Sculptures in Colmenar marble at the Montforte Gardens [es], Valencia by José Bellver (circa 1860).[16][17]
- Sculptures in marble at the Canalejas Park [es], Alicante (park created 1886).
Sweden
- Sculpture in bronze in the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts building, Stockholm (before 1735?).[18]
- Sculpture in bronze at the Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm (1995).
- Sculpture in bronze in Nacka, Stockholm (1996).[19][20]
Britain
- Sculptures in lead at Stowe House attributed to John Cheere (around 1755–779). Formerly placed at Stanley Park, Blackpool (1927–2013).[21][22]
- Sculpture in the park of Kedleston Hall, carved by Joseph Wilton (around 1760–70).[23][24]
- Two artificial stone versions are found in the garden of Osborne House (1845–1851), Isle of Wight.[25]
- Sculptures at the Stanley Park, Blackpool (2013). These were produced, by Rupert Harris Conservation, using casts from the former sculptures which were returned, on loan, to Stowe house in 2013.[26]
Russia and Ukraine
Versions in Saint Petersburg, Russia include:
- The Lion Cascade in bronze at Peterhof Palace (1799–1801).
- Sculptures in marble at the
- Sculptures in bronze at the staircase of the Mikhailovsky Palace (constructed 1819–25).[29]
- Sculptures at the entrance of Yelagin Palace (completed 1822).
- The Admiralty embankment(1832).
- Sculptures at the pier on the western point of Yelagin Island (1926).[30]
Versions in southern Russia and later Ukraine include:
- Sculptures in marble at the Odessa (now Ukraine, completed 1830).
- One pair of marble lion sculptures at the Voronstov Palace, Crimea (installed in 1848).[31]
- Pair of lion sculptures at Starosinnyi Garden, Odessa (now Ukraine, unknown year).[32]
- Lion sculpture at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Botanical Garden.[33]
Italy
- Sculptures in marble by Augustin Pajou at the Villa Medici (1803).[12]
Germany
- Four miniature versions surrounding the Akademie- or Löwenbrunnen in the palace garden (1807–1811), Stuttgart.
- Two gilded versions as part of the Lion Fountain in front of Glienicke Palace (1824–26), Berlin.
- Statues at the entrance of Schloss better source needed]
Cuba
- Two versions outside the Cathedral de la Purisma Concepción in Cienfuegos (built 1833–69), Cuba.
United States
- The Florentine Lions in cast-iron in the Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (cast in 1849 at the Alexandroffsky Head Mechanical Works, St Petersburg, Russia for Andrew M. Eastwick, originally displayed at Bartram's Garden, 1851–1879, installed at west Fairmount Park in 1887).[35]
- Medici Lions, at Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Bowdoin College, Maine. The Museum’s landmark Walker Art Building was commissioned for the College by Harriet and Sophia Walker in honor of their uncle, a Boston businessman who had supported the creation of the first small art gallery at Bowdoin in the mid-nineteenth century. Designed by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead, & White, the building was completed in 1894 and is on the National Register of Historic Places.[36][37]
- Stone sculptures, Mick and Mack, at McMicken Hall, The University of Cincinnati, Ohio (there since 1904). The pair of lions originally belonged to Jacob Hoffner, a wealthy Cincinnati landowner who bequeathed them to the University upon his death in 1891. They were transported to their current location in 1904.[38]
- The pair of lions on the western end of the eponymous Bridge of Lions in St. Augustine, Florida (constructed 1925–1927, rebuilt 2011–2012).[39]
- Sculpture in limestone at the Museum of Outdoor Arts, Colorado (founded 1981).[40]
Estonia
- The Swedish lion in bronze in Royal Swedish Academy of Artswas re-erected in 2000.
Lithuania
- Sculptures of lions are in bronze at the staircase of the Vytautas the Great War Museum in Kaunas, Lithuania. They were donated by Lithuanian count Jonas Jurgis Tiškevičius (1917–1987) in 1938 from his Astravas Manor in Biržai suburb (decorative sculptures of lions that stood at the entrance to the manor were replaced with copies). Sculptures was made in Saint Petersburg's factory commissioned by Lithuanian count Jonas Tiškevčius in the middle of the 19th century.[41]
France
- Several[42] sculptures at the Terrasse des Orangers in Parc de Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine, Paris (of unknown origin).[43]
Hungary
- Statues at better source needed]
Close imitations
- Sweden: Royal Palace, Stockholm(1700–1704).
- United Kingdom: Sculptures in bronze at the Queen's Gate entrance to Royal Victoria Park in Bath (1818–1819).[45]
- Belgium: Lion of Waterloo in iron,[citation needed] by Jean-François Van Geel in Waterloo (1826).
- India: (1866).
- Spain: The
- Finland: Parolan Leijona (Finnish for The Lion of Parola) on a four-meter-high (13 ft) pedestal in Hattula. Erected in 1868 to commemorate the 1863 visit by Alexander II of Russia.[47]
- Barbados: The Lion at Gun Hill carved from a single piece of coral stone in 1868 by Captain Henry John Wilkinson, who was stationed there. It is situated southeast and below the Gun Hill Signal Station, overlooking the St. George Valley.[48] [49]
In popular culture
Downsized copies of the Medici lions are on display in the garden of the Corleone family estate in The Godfather (1972).
See also
- Marzocco (the heraldic symbol of Florence)
- The Albani lion (the 1st century Roman lion with a sphere)
- Cultural depictions of lions
- Chinese guardian lions
Notes
- ^ a b Haskell and Penny 1981:246.
- ^ louvre.fr (in French)
- ^ a b c "Lions of Firenze". clevermag.com. Clever Magazine.
- ^ Vacca 1790
- ^ Haskell and Penny 1981:247–50.
- ^ "FANCELLI, Giovanni, detto Nanni di Stocco in "Dizionario Biografico"". treccani.it.
- ^ Haskell and Penny 1981:247.
- ^ a b "The Medici Lion". tomassobrothers.co.uk.
- ^ ISBN 8809026209
- ^ a b borghiditoscana.net Archived 23 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ISBN 9780810965188– via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Rome Off The Beaten Path Tips by von.otter". virtualtourist.com.
- ^ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". answers.com.
- ^ a b "León | Patrimonio Nacional". www.patrimonionacional.es. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "León - Colección - Museo Nacional del Prado". museodelprado.es.
- ^ "JARDÍN DE MONFORTE (L´HORT DE ROMERO)". visitvalencia.com.
- ^ TURESPAÑA (23 April 2007). "Monforte Gardens in Valencia, Spain: Historic gardens in Valencia, Spain - spain.info in english". spain.info.
- ^ "Lejonet & Svinet". Archived from the original on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
- ^ "Konstverk i Nacka Strand". www.jarlaberg.se. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Mueller". infobank.nacka.se. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Stowe House, Buckinghamshire | Projects | WMF Britain". www.wmf.org.uk. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Medici Lions return to Stowe :: Historic Houses Association". www.hha.org.uk. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Geograph:: Medicean Lion Statue (C) Trevor Rickard". geograph.org.uk.
- ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1109087)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ISBN 9780711227712– via Internet Archive.
- ^ "The Stowe Lions". World Monuments Fund – Britain. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ "Saint Petersburg encyclopaedia". www.encspb.ru. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Шествие львов". Archived from the original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ^ "Ошибка на странице". encspb.ru.
- ^ "Category:West Spit of Yelagin Island (Pier with lions) - Wikimedia Commons".
- LCCN 84179019.
- ^ Commons:File:Starosinnyi Garden.JPG
- ^ "Category:Medici lion at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Botanical Garden - Wikimedia Commons".
- ^ File:Schloss Monrepos Detail3.jpg
- ^ "Florentine Lions - Philadelphia, PA - Lion Statues on Waymarking.com". waymarking.com.
- ^ "Medici Lion, 3D Model". 30 November 2021.
- ^ "About the Bowdoin College Museum of Art". 30 November 2021.
- ^ "History of McMicken College, University of Cincinnati". 17 July 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Lions Restored To St. Augustine Bridge - Jacksonville News Story - WJXT Jacksonville". 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Lion's Den Museum of Outdoors Arts". 26 September 2008. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Vytauto Didžiojo karo muziejaus sargai sugrįžo". 15min.lt. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ At least three visible in File:Parc Saint-Cloud2.jpg.
- ^ commons:Category:Medici lions at the Château de Saint-Cloud, larva-e.de Archived 5 September 2012 at archive.today
- ^ commons:Category:Statues of lions in Pétervására
- Society of Friends, in whose care it remains, and the elaborate contents (known as 'The Bath Furniture') to Loyal Lodge No 251, Barnstable, Devon, where they also remain to this day. The lions, however, did not make the trip, legend suggesting there was no cart available to transport them. They were, therefore, presented to the city and the same 'The Historic Guide to Bath 1864' later records "At the side entrances, over the Queen's Gate, leading to the Royal Avenue are Bronzed Lions, presented by Mr. Geary." They were restored in 2007.[citation needed]
- ^ "Patrimonio Históríco-Artístico. Documental y Bibliográfico". congreso.es.
- ^ STT. "Parolan leijona trimmataan kuntoon". savonsanomat.fi. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ Lynda Lewis & Jim Webster (26 December 2021). "The Man Who Carved a Lion. The story of Henry John Wilkinson 1829 – 1911". BajanThings. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-947481-03-2. Retrieved 28 December 2021.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
References
- Flaminio Vacca, di varie antichità trovate in diversi luoghi della città di Roma[permanent dead link], not published until 1790 (noted by Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: the lure of classical sculpture, 1500–1900 1981).
- Michel Hochmann: Villa Medici, il sogno di un Cardinale – Collezioni e artisti di Ferdinando de' Medici, De Luca, 1999, p. 208–11, nos. 37–40, illus. pp. 209–11
- Roberto Manescalchi Il Marzocco / The lion of Florence. In collaborazione con Maria Carchio, Alessandro del Meglio, English summary by Gianna Crescioli. Grafica European Center of Fine Arts e Assessorato allo sport e tempo libero, Valorizzazioni tradizioni fiorentine, Toponomastica, Relazioni internazionale e gemellaggi del comune di Firenze, novembre, 2005.
External links
- Media related to Medici lions at Wikimedia Commons
- 3D model of a Medici lion