Medieval Serbian literature
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Part of a series on the |
Culture of Serbia |
---|
People |
Folklore |
Cuisine |
Festivals |
Sport |
Medieval Serbian literature or Old Serbian literature (
Background
Medieval Serbia is an
The ritual genres were hagiographies, homiletics and hymnography, known in Slavic as žitije (vita), pohvala (eulogy), službe (church services), effectively meaning prose, rhetoric, and poetry. The fact that the first Slavic works were in the canonical form of ritual literature, and that the literary language was the ritual Slavic language, defined the further development.
The oldest known work to date of Serbian secular literature is the legend of .
Origin
Unlike the countries of Western Europe, Serbia traces its history, literature, artistic, religious and cultural heritage when Christianity became a state religion during the time of Constantine the Great and New Rome. Between the 10th and 13th century, however, the foundations of independent Serbian literature was formed through its Old Serbian Vita.[5] In this period, the direction and character of literature were built with an elementary system of genres in its main guidelines, with a selected and modified literary language.
Only with the works of
In the course of the 13th century, Serbian literature sought to reach the height of Byzantine-Slavic literature. The motive of these activities, its main driver, is in the creation of Serbian Orthodox cults, cults of the holy dynasty (the Nemanjić) and the autocephalous church. In order to enter the world of Byzantine and European civilization of the Middle Ages, it was necessary for Serbia not only to have its independent state and independent Church but also to have its role in the general Christian culture of that time, especially participation in holiness, in a higher spiritual community, where the Serbian people was represented through "their [own] people". Its own literature was thus a necessary expression of social and national independence but at the same time integration in the spiritual ecumene of the Christian civilization through which it showed maturity and justified the political existence of the state itself on the world scale. On this basis, all of the specificnesses of the old Serbian literature developed, as well as its universal, global identity: specificities are expressed in the creation of general genres, mostly in the hagiographical literature, i.e. the so-called "ruler historiography"; far less pronounced in hymnography, in poetry, where the canons of Byzantine poetics are quite obvious. The role of founding the father of the independent Serbian literature is held by Saint Sava, the youngest son of Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, founder and first Archbishop of the independent Serbian Church.[6]
With Saint Sava and others (namely
The 1370s mark the beginning of the separation between Serbian Cyrillic and Latin alphabets as far as the two chancelleries in
From 1459, with the fall of the
that speak of their rich art and literature.Several
The growth of the Renaissance Period occurred with the arrival of Serbian and Bulgarian hagiographers, literati, and artists who had escaped from their native lands when these were either threatened or occupied by the
From the 1630s onward Kiev emerged as the leading center of East Slavic cultural life. Of great significance was the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy at the time. Later, Theophan Prokopovich would put his imprint on Russian Baroque literature that spread far and wide, particularly in Serbia. It was in the famed Kievan Academy in the latter part of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century that young Serbian artists and teachers received their western education.
Numerous authors of the
Poetry
Works
- Life of Stefan Nemanja (1208), hagiography on St. Simeon, by Archbishop Sava
- Life of St. Sava (1254), hagiography on St. Sava, by Domentijan
- Life of St. Sava (1292–1300), hagiography on St. Sava, by Teodosije
- Studenica Chronicle (1350–1400), chronicle
- Karlovac Chronicle(1418–27), chronicle
- Life of Despot Stefan Lazarević (ca. 1431), biography on Stefan Lazarević, by Constantine of Kostenets
- Koporin Chronicle (1453), chronicle, by deacon Damjan
- Dečani Chronicle (1450–1500), chronicle
See also
- List of Glagolitic manuscripts
- Medieval Serbian law
- Medieval Serbian charters
- Serbian chronicles
- Serbian manuscripts
- Serbian printing
- Serbian literature
References
- ^ Grickat-Radulović 1993, p. 146-150.
- ^ a b c Marinković 1995, p. 53-66.
- ^ Bubalo 2014.
- ^ Komatina 2015, p. 711–718.
- ^ Birnbaum 1972, p. 243-284.
- ^ Ivanović 2019, p. 103–129.
- ^ Thomson 1993, p. 103-134.
- ^ Ivanović 2017, p. 43–63.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 100-101.
- ^ Milosavljević 2008, p. 79-102.
Sources
- Birnbaum, Henrik (1972). "Byzantine Tradition Transformed: The Old Serbian Vita". Aspects of the Balkans: Continuity and Change. The Hague and Paris: Mouton. pp. 243–284.
- Bubalo, Đorđe (2014). Pragmatic Literacy in Medieval Serbia. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 9782503549613.
- ISBN 9781405142915.
- Grickat-Radulović, Irena (1993). "Serbian Medieval Literary Language". Serbs in European Civilization. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 146–150. ISBN 9788675830153.
- Isailović, Neven G.; Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2015). "Serbian Language and Cyrillic Script as a Means of Diplomatic Literacy in South Eastern Europe in 15th and 16th Centuries". Literacy Experiences concerning Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania. Cluj-Napoca: George Bariţiu Institute of History. pp. 185–195.
- Ivanović, Miloš (2017). "Cyrillic Correspondence Between the Commune of Ragusa and Ottomans 1396-1458". State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 43–63. ISBN 9788677431259.
- Ivanović, Miloš (2019). "Serbian Hagiographies on the Warfare and Political Struggles of the Nemanjić Dynasty (from the Twelfth to Fourteenth Century)". Reform and Renewal in Medieval East and Central Europe: Politics, Law and Society. Cluj-Napoca: Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 103–129.
- Janićijević, Jovan, ed. (1998). The Cultural Treasury of Serbia. Belgrade: Idea, Vojnoizdavački zavod, Markt system. ISBN 9788675470397.
- Komatina, Predrag (2015). "The Church in Serbia at the Time of Cyrilo-Methodian Mission in Moravia". Cyril and Methodius: Byzantium and the World of the Slavs. Thessaloniki: Dimos. pp. 711–718.
- Marinković, Radmila (1995). "Medieval Literature". The History of Serbian Culture. Edgware: Porthill Publishers. pp. 53–66.
- Matejić, Mateja; Milivojević, Dragan (1978). An Anthology of Medieval Serbian Literature in English. Columbus: Slavica Publishers. ISBN 9780893570552.
- Mileusnić, Slobodan (1998). Medieval Monasteries of Serbia (4th ed.). Novi Sad: Prometej. ISBN 9788676393701.
- Milosavljević, Boris (2008). "Basic Philosophical Texts in Medieval Serbia" (PDF). Balcanica (39): 79–102. .
- Peić, Sava (1994). Medieval Serbian Culture. London: Alpine Fine Arts Collection.
- Petković, Vesna; Peić, Sava (2013). Serbian Medieval Cultural Heritage. Belgrade: Dereta.
- Petrović, Sonja (2008). "Oral and Written Art Forms in Serbian Medieval Literature". Oral Art Forms and Their Passage Into Writing. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 85–108. ISBN 9788763505048.
- Thomson, Francis J. (1993). "Archbishop Daniel II of Serbia: Hierarch, Hagiographer, Saint: With Some Comments on the Vitae regum et archiepiscoporum Serbiae and the Cults of Mediaeval Serbian Saints". Analecta Bollandiana. 111 (1–2): 103–134. .
External links
- Bogdanović, Dimitrije (1999) [1986]. Свети Сава: Сабрани списи (in Serbian) (Internet ed.). Belgrade: Просвета, Српска књижевна задруга; Rastko. Archived from the original on 2009-01-22.