Megorashim

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Megorashim (

Sephardi, a term that emphasizes their Iberian
traditions.

Migrations

The first migration took place following the persecutions of 1391 in

Jewish Encyclopedia estimates that 32,000 reached the coast of North Africa; (20,000 in Morocco, 10,000 in Algeria[citation needed]). Others say, however, that it is impossible to really estimate how many Iberian Jews found refuge in Morocco and the Maghreb.[2]

Communities

These Jews had their own leaders, rabbis and spiritual leaders as well as their own minhag. They spoke the different languages of the Iberian Peninsula from which they originated (Castilian, Aragonese, Catalan, Galician, etc.) and a standardized Judeo-Spanish form, called Judezmo, has long been used by the diaspora.

After 1391, the Megorashim had settled mainly in

Alawite King Mohammed ben Abdallah invited the Jews to settle there and take care of relations with the Portuguese Empire
.

In most of the communities where they settled, the Megorashim imposed their rabbis and their reforms, eventually merging with local Jews (the Toshavim). They were at the origin of the revival of Maghreb Judaism strongly weakened by Almohad persecution.[5] The arrival of Rabbi Ephraim Alnaqua of Seville at the end of 1391 in Tlemcen allowed Jews settled in the neighboring towns of Honaine and Agadir to settle in the city itself. In Tetouan, where they formed the main Jewish component of the city, the Megorashim imposed their Judeo-Spanish language known as Haketia. In Algiers in the 15th century, the Jews were classified in several categories: those native to Africa, those coming from the Balearic Islands and Spain or from France, by Constantinople and Italy.

In the 16th century, Spanish attacks on the shores of Algeria and

Sephardis and Spaniards,[8] and many Jews from Tetuan settled in Gibraltar, Spain, and Latin America
at the same time.

In Mogador and along the Atlantic coast, Jews are generally heavily involved in trade between Morocco and Portugal.[9] Within the regency of Algiers and Tunis the trade with Europe and the rest of the Ottoman Empire was often the fact of the Megorashim, especially the Grana of Livorno who had settled there since the 16th century.

Megorashim relations with, and influence over, the Toshavim varies widely among the communities in which they settled. This European influence on the local way of life tended to ignore the population living on the edge of urban centers, or even provoked a hostile reaction.[10]

See also

Groups

Communities

References

  1. ^ Pérez, Joseph (2012). History of a Tragedy. p. 17.
  2. ISBN 9004058206
    .
  3. ISBN 2296245218
    .
  4. ^ "Encyclopedia Judaica: Debdou, Morocco". Jewish Virtual Library.
  5. ^ Ayoun, Richard. "A l'arrivée des Juifs espagnols en Algérie : mutation de la communauté". ISE Institut Sepharade Europeen ESI. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09.
  6. ^ "Le Port d'Alger". Algéroisement Vôtre.
  7. ^ Ayoun, Richard; Cohen, Bernard (1982). Les Juifs d'Algérie. Paris: J.-C. Lattès. p. 112.
  8. ISBN 2858168644
    .
  9. ISBN 2915540101
    .
  10. ISBN 2858026432
    .


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