Meibomian gland
Meibomian gland | |
---|---|
Details | |
System | Integumentary |
Identifiers | |
Latin | glandulae tarsales |
MeSH | D008537 |
TA98 | A15.2.07.042 |
TA2 | 6833 |
FMA | 71872 |
Anatomical terminology |
Meibomian glands (also called tarsal glands, palpebral glands, and tarsoconjunctival glands) are
History
The glands were mentioned by Galen in 200 AD[3] and were described in more detail by Heinrich Meibom (1638–1700), a German physician, in his work De Vasis Palpebrarum Novis Epistola in 1666. This work included a drawing with the basic characteristics of the glands.[4][5]
Anatomy
Although the upper lid have greater number and volume of meibomian glands than the lower lid, there is no consensus whether it contributes more to the tearfilm stability. The glands do not have direct contact with eyelash follicles. The process of blinking releases meibum into the lid margin.[2]
Function
Meibum
Lipids
Lipids are the major components of meibum (also known as "meibomian gland secretions"). The term "meibum" was originally introduced by Nicolaides et al. in 1981.[6]
The biochemical composition of meibum is extremely complex and very different from that of
Currently, the most sensitive and informative approach to lipidomic analysis of meibum is
The lipids are the main component of the lipid layer of the tear film, preventing rapid evaporation and it is believed they lower the surface tension which helps to stabilize the tear film.[3]
Proteins
In humans, more than 90 different proteins have been identified in meibomian gland secretions.[11]
Clinical significance
Dysfunctional meibomian glands often cause
Meibomian gland dysfunction is more often seen in women and is regarded as the main cause of
Treatment can include
Meibomian gland dysfunction may be caused by some
See also
- Meibomian gland dysfunction
- Gland of Zeis
- Moll's gland
- List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system
References
- ^ "eye, human." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.
- ^ PMID 21450913.
- ^ PMID 21450915.
- ^ "Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org.
- ^ Meibomii, Henrici (1666). De vasis palpebrarum novis epistola … [From a recent letter on the eyelids' vesicles to the most renowned gentleman Dr. Joel Langelott, court physician of the most reverend and serene Duke of Holstein] (in Latin). Helmstadt, (Germany): Henning Muller.
- PMID 7194326.
- PMID 19660571.
- PMID 20671273.
- PMID 30279222.
- PMID 19763478.
- PMID 16488965.
- PMID 29055358.
- ^ ISBN 9780123820426. Retrieved 30 October 2023 – via books.google.com.
- ^ "Managing and Making Sense of MGD". Review of Ophthalmology. 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "Rethinking Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: How to Spot It, Stage It and Treat It". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "The Role of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy in Dry Eye Disease". American Academy of Optometry. 2012. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- PMID 32384504.