List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln
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16th President of the United States
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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names,[1] Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and American nationalism.
Changing image
Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's
While Lincoln remains in the very top tier of the historical rankings of presidents of the United States, all of the presidents have slipped in historical prestige in the public's mind. Schwartz said that the reason is what he calls the "acids of equality": as the culture of the United States became more diverse, egalitarian, and multicultural, it also suffered a "deterioration and coarsening of traditional symbols and practices."[4]
Lincoln sites remain popular tourist attractions, but crowds have thinned. In the late 1960s, 650,000 people a year visited the Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois, slipping to 393,000 in 2000–2003. Likewise visits to Lincoln's New Salem fell by half, probably because of the enormous draw of the new museum in Springfield. Visits to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., peaked at 4.3 million in 1987 and have since declined. However crowds at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., have grown sharply.[5]
Organizations
The oldest continuously operating association in the United States honoring Lincoln is the Lincoln Association of Jersey City in Jersey City, New Jersey, which was formed in 1865 shortly after Lincoln's assassination. The association has held a banquet in Jersey City every year on Lincoln's birthday, February 12. The association has been addressed by a number of people of national importance, including political figures, military veterans, educators and civil rights leaders. The association celebrated its 150th anniversary on February 12, 2015, which included the laying of a wreath at the entrance to Jersey City's Lincoln Park. The association's annual dinner featured speaker Todd Brewster, author of Lincoln's Gamble, about the struggle to create the Emancipation Proclamation.[6]
Memorials
The memorials include the name of the capital of Nebraska (1867). The first public monument to Abraham Lincoln, after his death, was a statue erected in front of the District of Columbia City Hall in 1868, three years after his assassination.[7]
In 1876, on the anniversary of his death, a memorial, paid for by emancipated citizens to honor the Great Emancipator, the Freedmen's Memorial was dedicated in Lincoln Park, Washington, D.C. Present for the dedication were President Ulysses S. Grant, cabinet members, and representatives of both the Supreme Court and Congress. Frederick Douglass gave the dedication speech.[8]
The first national memorial to Abraham Lincoln was the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road for the automobile across the United States of America, which was dedicated in 1913, predating the 1921 dedication of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., by nine years.
Lincoln's name and image appear in numerous other places, such as the
Ford's Theatre and Petersen House (where he died) are maintained as museums, as is the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, located in Springfield.[15][16] The Lincoln Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois, contains his remains and those of his wife Mary and three of his four sons, Edward, William, and Thomas.[17] Springfield's airport is named for him, the Abraham Lincoln Capital Airport.[18]
There was also the Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln exhibit in Disneyland, and the Hall of Presidents exhibit at Walt Disney World, which was based on Walt Disney admiring Lincoln ever since he was a little boy.
Lincoln Memorial University located in Harrogate, Tennessee near the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park was established in 1897 as a living memorial to President Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Library and Museum located on campus, houses a large collection of memorabilia relating to the school's namesake.
The Lincoln Memorial Shrine was built in 1932 in Redlands, California. Has an original Lincoln bust by George Grey Barnard. Only museum and research center to Lincoln west of the Mississippi River.[19]
Desecration
On the night of November 7, 1876, a group of counterfeiters entered Lincoln's tomb with the intent of absconding with his mortal remains and holding them for ransom in order to secure the release of their leader, Benjamin Boyd, an imprisoned engraver of counterfeit currency plates. The group entered his tomb, but had only succeeded in partially dislodging its marble lid before a US Secret Service agent who had infiltrated their number alerted law enforcement authorities. Although several escaped, most served a one-year prison term. For much of the next decade (c. 1876 – 1887), Lincoln's tomb was mobile, to avoid further unwanted disinterment.[20]
Statue burning
On August 16, 2017, a bust of Abraham Lincoln in a park in West Englewood, Chicago was spray-painted black and later covered in tar and set on fire.[21][22][23] The bust restoration was finished in 2018, it was then moved to the Chicago Public Library.[24]
Stamps, currency and coins
Within a year of this death, Lincoln's image began to be disseminated throughout the world on stamps.[25] Pictured on many United States postage stamps, Lincoln is the only U.S. President to appear on a U.S. airmail stamp.[26]
To date, more than 50 nations around the world have issued postage bearing his image.[27]
Lincoln was one of five people to be depicted on United States paper currency (federal issue) during their lifetime (along with
Lincoln's image on the five-dollar bill was used by
International
The first statue of Lincoln outside the United States was erected in
Birthday
Abraham Lincoln's birthday, February 12, was never a national holiday, but it was at one time observed by as many as 30 states.
Sculpture in the United States
- bas relief on the "Detroit, Michigan, 1867
- Abraham Lincoln, Lot Flannery, Washington, D.C. (1868)
- Statue of Abraham Lincoln, Henry Kirke Brown, Union Square, New York City (1870)
- Abraham Lincoln, Henry Kirke Brown, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York (1869)
- Abraham Lincoln, Vinnie Ream, United States Capitol rotunda, Washington, D.C. (1871)
- Lincoln Tomb, Larkin Goldsmith Mead, Springfield, Illinois (1874)
- Emancipation Memorial, Thomas Ball, Washington, D.C. (1876)
- Chicago, Illinois (1887). A reduced version is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.[38]
- Abraham Lincoln, Detroit, Michigan[39]
- Abraham Lincoln Statue and Park, Clermont, Iowa, 1902
- Lincoln, The Emancipator, Charles Henry Niehaus, Buffalo History Museum, Buffalo, New York (1902) (a replica exists in Muskegon, Michigan)[40]
- Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State aka Seated Lincoln, Augustus Saint Gaudens, Chicago, Illinois (1908)
- Abraham Lincoln, Adolph Alexander Weinman, Hodgenville, Kentucky(1909)
- Seated Lincoln, Gutzon Borglum, Newark, New Jersey(1911)
- Abraham Lincoln, Adolph Alexander Weinman, Kentucky State Capitol, Frankfort, Kentucky (1911)
- (1912)
- Abraham Lincoln at The Pennsylvania State Memorial, J. Otto Schweizer, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania(1913)
- Cincinnati, Ohio(1917)
- Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial, Daniel Chester French (1914–22)
- Statue of Abraham Lincoln, Civic Center, San Francisco, Haig Patigian (1926)
- Lincoln the Lawyer, Urbana, Illinois, Lorado Taft (1927)
- Statue of Abraham Lincoln, South Park Blocks, Portland, Oregon, George Fite Waters (1928)
- Mount Rushmore, Gutzon Borglum (1927–1941)
- Lincoln Monument (Dixon, Illinois), Leonard Crunelle (1930)
- Lincoln Bank Tower, 3 panels, Pioneer Backwoodsman, Preservation of the Union and Emancipation Proclamation[41] Fort Wayne, Indiana (1930)
- Emancipation Proclamation, Nebraska State Capitol, Lee Lawrie, Lincoln, Nebraska (1932)
- Abraham Lincoln: The Hoosier Youth, Paul Manship, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1932)
- Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight, by Fred Torrey (1933), cast by Bernard Wiepper, West Virginia State Capitol (1974)
- Abraham Lincoln Statue, Bryant Baker, Delaware Park, Buffalo, New York (1935)[42]
- Nellie Verne Walker, near Lawrenceville, Illinois(1938)
- Abraham Lincoln Monument, Samuel Cashwan, Ypsilanti, Michigan (1938)
- Abraham Lincoln statue by Charles Keck in Hingham, Massachusetts (1939). Lincoln's ancestors had settled in Hingham.[43]
- Young Lincoln by Charles Keck, Senn Park, Chicago (1945)[44]
- The Chicago Lincoln, aka Beardless Lincoln, Avard Fairbanks, Chicago, Illinois (1956)
- Abraham Lincoln by Gilbert A. Franklin, Roger Williams Park in Providence, Rhode Island (1958). This 12-foot bronze is the only monument to Abraham Lincoln in Rhode Island.[45][46]
- Indianapolis, Indiana(1962)
- Young Abraham Lincoln, also known as Abraham Lincoln on Horseback, "Abraham Lincoln Equestriam Monument," and Abraham Lincoln on the Prairie, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York (1963): Salem State Park, Petersburg, Illinois, (1963–64): Lincoln City, Oregon, (1965):
- Seated Lincoln, a 1968 cast of the 1930 James Earle Fraser bronze at Syracuse University, New York.
- Mr. Lincoln's Square, Clinton, Illinois[47][48]
- State of Lincoln "outside the old ironworks that powered the Confederate artillery," Richmond, Virginia.[49]
See also
- List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials
- List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic
- List of memorials to Robert E. Lee
- List of memorials to Jefferson Davis
- List of Confederate monuments and memorials
- List of statues of Abraham Lincoln
- Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
Notes
- ^ a b Dennis, p. 194.
- ^ Barry Schwartz, Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America (2009) pp. xi, 9, 24
- ^ Barry Schwartz, Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America (2009) p. xi, 9
- ^ Schwartz, (1990) p. 190.
- ^ Schwartz (2009), pp. 153–155.
- The Union City Reporter. p. 14.
- ^ "Renovation and Expansion of the Historic DC Courthouse" (PDF). DC Court of Appeals. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-05. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ^ "Frederick Douglass Project Writings: Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln | RBSCP". rbscp.lib.rochester.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site". U.S. National Park Service.
- ^ "Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial". U.S. National Park Service.
- ^ "Lincoln's New Salem". Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-10-26.
- ^ "Lincoln Home National Historic Site". U.S. National Park Service.
- ^ Peterson, pp. 312, 368,
- ^ "Trees at Lincoln Memorial Site - on Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. No. Indiana edition. Louisville Courier Journal. Newspapers.com. January 14, 2009. p. 5. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ "The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum". Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03.
- ^ "About Ford's". Ford's Theatre. Archived from the original on 2011-10-13.
- ^ "Lincoln Tomb". Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-10-25.
- ^ "What's in an eponym? Celebrity airports - could there be a commercial benefit in naming?". Centre for Aviation.
- ^ "Redlands has had a shrine to President Lincoln for 90 years, here's why". 11 February 2022.
- ^ Keith Verinese (5 April 2012). "The Adventures of Abraham Lincoln's Corpse". io9.comdate=April 5, 2012.
- ^ Spielman, Fran; Dudek, Mitch (August 17, 2017). "Alderman says Lincoln bust in West Englewood burned". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^ "Lincoln Statue Found Burned on Chicago's South Side: Alderman". NBC Chicago. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln monument torched in Chicago: 'An absolute disgraceful act'". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
- ^ Seitz, Amanda. "Abraham Lincoln monument safe in Chicago neighborhood". AP Newa. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
- ^ Healey, Matthew (19 April 2009). "Lincoln Stamps Bring Neary $2 Million at a New York Auction". The New York Times.
- ^ William W. Cummings, and James B. Hatcher Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps (1982) p. 284.
- ^ Kenmore Stamp Company <https://www.kenmorestamp.com/united-states>; Jones, William A., & James Kloetzel, editors, Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers (Scott Publishing Company, 2010); Abraham Lincoln Famous People Postal Stamps <https://www.ebay.com/b/Abraham-Lincoln-Famous-People-Postal-Stamps/68096/bn_27135833?rt=nc> (Retrieved June 1, 2020). Perhaps because he had a Countries with Lincoln himself pictured on stamps (not including the Lincoln Memorial or the cabin of his birth) have been: Aden, Agman, Antiqua, Argentina, Beguia, Cameroon, Canouan, Central Africa, Cameroun, Chad, China, Columbia, Congo, Cuba, Dominica, Fujairah, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Grenadines, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kathiri, Lesotho, Liberia, Maldives, Mali, Manama Michel, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Micronesia, Monaco, Mozambique, Nevis, Nicaragua, Niger, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Rwanda, San Marino, Scotland, Sharjah, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Surinam, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Venezuela, Union Island.
- ^ Portraits on U.S. Bank Notes : Abraham Lincoln (The National Currency Foundation), retrieved 28 December 2012
- ^ Vinciguerra, Thomas (February 7, 2009). "Now if Only We Could Mint Lincoln Himself". The New York Times. p. WK4.
- ^ "Lincoln in Dalivision". Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln - Manchester". Manchester Art Galleries. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ^ Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, 1921 (Albany, NY: J. B. Lyon Company Printers, 1922), pp. 194–95.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln Coming to Cornish". nps.gov. February 13, 2015.
- ^ Pfledderer, Sarah (2018-08-02). "Inside the Icon: Monumento Abraham Lincoln". San Diego Magazine. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ Schwartz (2009), pp. 196–199.
- ^ Peterson pp. 147, 263.
- ^ Carroll, James R. (January 12, 2009). "Let the Lincoln Bicentennial Celebrations Begin". The Courier-Journal.
- ^ Abraham Lincoln: The Man (Standing Lincoln) 1884–87; reduced 1910; cast 1911.
- ^ Nawrocki, Dennis Alan, with Thomas J Holleman, "Art In Detroit Public Places", Wayne State University Press, Detroit 1980 p. 32–33
- ^ ""Lincoln, The Emancipator"- Buffalo History Museum". Buffalo as an Architectural Museum. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ^ Kvaran & Lockley, Guide to the Architectural Sculpture of the United States"
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln Statue". Buffalo as an Architectural Museum. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ^ Pelland, David (1 October 2013). "Abraham Lincoln Statue, Hingham, Massachusetts". CT Monuments.net. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "The Young Lincoln". The Civil War in Art. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form" (PDF). Rhode Island Preservation Society. Rhode Island Preservation Society. p. 2. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ "Roger Williams Park: Self-Guided Tour of Notable Art" (PDF). Rhode Island Foundation. Rhode Island Foundation. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ "SEPTEMBER 2, 1858: ABRAHAM LINCOLN SPEAKS IN CLINTON, IL". Retrieved 27 May 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln Quotes".
but you can't fool all of the people all of the time
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
Further reading
- Burkhimer, Michael (2003). One Hundred Essential Lincoln Books. Cumberland House. ISBN 978-1-58182-369-1.
- Dennis, Matthew. Red, White, and Blue Letter Days: an American Calendar (2002).
- Gallagher, Gary. Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten: How Hollywood and Popular Art Shape What We Know About the Civil War (2008) X served and text search
- Hogan, Jackie. Lincoln, Inc.: Selling the Sixteenth President in Contemporary America (2011) excerpt and text search
- Hufbauer, Benjamin. Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory (2006)
- Neely, Mark. The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia (1984)
- Peterson, Merrill D. Lincoln in American Memory (1994), an encyclopedic catalogue of viewpoints
- Sandage, Scott A. "A Marble House Divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Memory, 1939–1963," Journal of American History Vol. 80, No. 1 (Jun., 1993), pp. 135–167 in JSTOR
- Schuman, Howard; Corning, Amy; Schwartz, Barry. "Framing Variations and Collective Memory," Social Science History (2012) 36#4 pp 451–472.
- Schwartz, Barry. Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory (2000) excerpt and text search
- Schwartz, Barry. Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America (2009) excerpt and text search
- Smith, Adam I.P. "The 'Cult' of Abraham Lincoln and the Strange Survival of Liberal England in the Era of the World Wars," Twentieth Century British History, (Dec 2010) 21#4 pp 486–509
- Spielberg, Steven; Goodwin, Doris Kearns; Kushner, Tony. "Mr. Lincoln Goes to Hollywood," Smithsonian (2012) 43#7 pp 46–53.
- Thomas, Christopher A. The Lincoln Memorial and American Life (2002)