Meningoencephalitis

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Meningoencephalitis
Other namesHerpes meningoencephalitis
Infectious disease, neurology

Meningoencephalitis (

brain tissue
.

Signs and symptoms

Signs of meningoencephalitis include

personality changes, nausea and thinking problems.[1][5]

Symptoms may include

light sensitivity, and seizure.[2]

Causes

Causative organisms include

protozoans, viral and bacterial pathogens.[citation needed
]

Specific types include:

Bacterial

Veterinarians have observed meningoencephalitis in

IL-1β, IL-12, IL-15, leading to toxic effects on the brain.[7]

Meningoencephalitis may be one of the severe complications of diseases originating from several

epidemic louse-borne typhus), and Rickettsia africae. It can cause impairments to the cranial nerves, paralysis to the eyes, and sudden hearing loss.[8][9] Meningoencephalitis is a rare, late-stage manifestation of tick-borne ricksettial diseases, such as RMSF and human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (a species of rickettsiales bacteria).[10]

Other bacteria that can cause it are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tuberculosis, Borrelia (Lyme disease) and Leptospirosis.

Viral

Autoimmune

Protozoal

Animal

This nematode is an exceptionally rare cause of meningoencephalitis.[17]

Other/multiple

Other causes include granulomatous meningoencephalitis and vasculitis. The fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, can be symptomatically manifested within the CNS as meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus being a very characteristic finding due to the unique thick polysaccharide capsule of the organism.[citation needed]

Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis includes evaluation for the presence of recurrent or recent herpes infection, fever, headache, altered mental status, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness, and focal signs. Testing of cerebrospinal fluid is usually performed.[citation needed]

Treatment

Antiviral therapy, such as

antiepileptic drugs. High intracranial pressure can be treated with drugs such as mannitol. If caused by an infection then the infection can be treated with antibiotic drugs.[citation needed
]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Herpes Meningoencephalitis". Johns Hopkins Medicine. The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and The Johns Hopkins Health System Corporation. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Herpes Meningoencephalitis". Columbia University Department of Neurology. Columbia University. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  3. ^ "Meningoencephalitis". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
  4. ^ "Meningoencephalitis". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  5. ^ Shelat, Amit; Ziegler, Olivia. "Herpes Meningoencephalitis". University of Rochester Medical Center - Health Encyclopedia. University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  6. ^ Long, Maureen. "Overview of Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis". Merck Manual: Veterinary Manual. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  7. PMID 11402000
    .
  8. PMID 27172113
    .
  9. ISBN 9780702039355
    .
  10. ^ Huntzinger, Amber (July 2007). "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tick-Borne Rickettsial Diseases". American Family Physician. 76 (1). American Academy of Family Physicians: 137. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  11. PMID 10868146
    .
  12. PMID 13404512
    .
  13. PMID 12446542
    .
  14. S2CID 9473244
    .
  15. S2CID 22582966
    .
  16. ^ Keith A Josephs, Frank A Rubino, Dennis W Dickson, Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis, Neuropathology 24(2):149-52 · July 2004, DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2004.00542.x
  17. ^ "Rare parasitic worm kills two kidney donor patients, inquest hears". The Guardian. 2014-11-18. Retrieved 2014-11-24.

External links

Look up meningoencephalitis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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