Mercedes-Benz W113

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Mercedes-Benz W113
230 SL, 250 SL, 280 SL
Mercedes-Benz R107
See Mercedes-Benz SL-Class for a complete overview of all SL-Class models.

The Mercedes-Benz W 113 is a two-seat

W 121 BII). Of the 48,912 W 113 SLs
produced, 19,440 were sold in the US.

The W 113 SL was developed under the auspices of Mercedes-Benz Technical Director Fritz Nallinger, Chief Engineer Rudolf Uhlenhaut and Head of Styling Friedrich Geiger, who had previously designed the iconic 500K/540K and 300 SL. The lead designers were Paul Bracq and Béla Barényi, who created its patented,[2] slightly concave hardtop, which inspired the "Pagoda" nickname.

All models were equipped with an

Bosch
"fishbowl" headlights and simple chrome grille, dominated by the large three-pointed star in the nose panel, paid homage to the 300 SL roadster.

W 113 SLs were typically configured as a "Coupé/Roadster" with a soft-top and an optional removable hardtop. A 2+2 was introduced with the 250 SL "California Coupé," which had a fold-down rear bench seat instead of the soft-top.

History

By 1955, Mercedes-Benz Technical Director Prof.

M127 straight-six engine, internally denoted as 220SL. Encouraged by positive test results, Nallinger proposed that the 220SL
be placed in the Mercedes-Benz program, with production commencing in July 1957.

However, while technical difficulties kept postponing the production start of the

M127 inline-six engine and the distinctive "pagoda" hardtop roof, designated as 230 SL.[3]

The 230 SL made its debut at the

Geneva Motor Show in March 1963, where Nallinger introduced it as follows: "It was our aim to create a very safe and fast sports car with high performance, which despite its sports characteristics, provides a very high degree of traveling comfort".[4]

Designed-in safety

The W 113 was the first sports car with a "safety body," based on Bela Barényi's extensive work on vehicle safety: It had a rigid passenger cell and designated crumple zones with impact-absorbing front and rear sections built into the vehicle structure. The interior was "rounded," with all hard corners and edges removed, as in the W 111 sedan.

The W 113 was also the first Mercedes-Benz with radial tires.[citation needed]

Models

230 SL (1963-1967)

Mercedes-Benz 230 SL

Production of the 230 SL commenced in June 1963 and ended on 5 January 1967. Its chassis was based on the W 111 sedan platform, with a reduced wheelbase by 30 cm (11.8 in), recirculating ball steering (with optional power steering), double wishbone front suspension and an independent single-joint, low-pivot swing rear-axle with transverse compensator spring. The dual-circuit brake system had front disc brakes and power-assisted rear drum brakes.[5] The 230 SL was offered with a 4-speed manual transmission, or an optional, very responsive fluid coupled (no torque converter) 4-speed automatic transmission, which was popular for US models. From May 1966, the ZF S5-20 5-speed manual transmission was available as an additional option, which was particularly popular in Italy. Of the 19,831 230 SLs produced, less than a quarter were sold in the US.

The 2,308 cc (2.3 L)

Bosch multi-port fuel injection. Mercedes-Benz made a number of modifications to boost its power, including increasing displacement from 2,197 cc (2.2 L), and using a completely new cylinder head with a higher compression ratio (9.3 vs. 8.7), enlarged valves and a modified camshaft. A fuel injection pump with six plungers instead of two was fitted, which allowed placing the nozzles in the cylinder head and "shooting" the fuel through the intake manifold and open valves directly into the combustion chambers.[6] An optional oil-water heat exchanger
was also available.

Mercedes-Benz Chief Engineer

Ferrari 250 GT.[7]

A brief chronology of the most notable changes made to the 230 SL:[8]

  • 10/1963: First 230 SL with automatic transmission.
  • 09/1964: Spare tire well removed, tire mounted horizontally.
  • 11/1964: Optional tinted/thermal glass and new soft-top with steel bows (distinguished by missing chrome trim on the outer trailing edge).[9]
  • 04/1964: US models with radio Becker Europa TR instead of Europa TG.
  • 08/1965: Some harmonization with new
    W 108/W 109
    sedans, incl. new floor panels, combined brake and clutch fluid reservoir, boot light and interior changes. US models with hazard lights.
  • 03/1966: Mounts for three-point seat belts added.
  • 05/1966: Optional ZF 5-speed manual transmission; rare and now very desirable.

250 SL (1966–1968)

1967 Mercedes-Benz 250 SL, European spec.
1967 Mercedes-Benz 250 SL, late US model

The 250 SL was introduced at the

1967 Geneva Motor Show.[10] Production had already commenced in December 1966 and ended in January 1968. The short one-year production run makes the 250 SL the rarest of the W 113 series cars. The 250 SL retained the stiffer suspension and sportier feel of the early SLs, but provided improved agility with a new engine and rear disc brakes. Range also improved with increased fuel tank capacity from 65 L (17.2 US gal) to 82 L (21.7 US gal). Like its predecessor, the 250 SL was offered with a 4-speed automatic transmission, and 4-speed or ZF 5-speed manual transmissions.[10]
For the first time, an optional limited slip differential was also available. Of the 5,196 250 SLs produced, more than a third were sold in the US.

The main change was the use of the 2,496 cc (2.5 L)

M129.II engine with 6 mm (0.2 in) increased stroke, 2 mm (0.1 in) increased valve ports, and seven main bearings instead of four. The nominal maximum power remained unchanged at 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp), but torque improved from 145 lb⋅ft (197 N⋅m) to 159 lb⋅ft (216 N⋅m).[10]
Resiliency also improved with a new cooling water tank ("round top") with increased capacity from 10.8 L (2.9 US gal) to 12.9 L (3.4 US gal), and a standard oil-water heat exchanger.

The wider power band of the 250 SL resulted in noticeably improved performance, as the 230 SL engines rarely produced more than 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) in practice.[7]

California Coupé

The 250 SL also marked the introduction of a 2+2 body style in 1967, the so-called "California Coupé", which had only the removable hardtop and no soft-top: a small fold-down rear bench seat replaced the soft-top well between passenger compartment and boot. A 280 SL California version was introduced in 1968.

Midlife improvements

In August 1967, a number of additional changes were incorporated to accommodate stricter safety regulations and US emission laws. The safety improvements included a collapsible steering wheel and padded wheel hub, concave control knobs, elastic black rubber heater levers (instead of rigid coloured translucent plastic), and softer, rounded dash top padding. Door handles, locks, and window cranks were modernized and less protruding, the door pockets were elastic, the rear-view mirror frame was black plastic instead of chrome, and the side view mirrors became more angular. Essentially, the 1967 250 SL retained the more classic "chrome" interior of the 230 SL, whereas the 1968 250 SL introduced the modernized "safety" interior of the 280 SL.

US models acquired side reflectors on the fenders, Kangol three-point seat belts, an illuminated automatic gearbox shift quadrant, and emission control equipment. The chrome horn ring was changed to matte finish.

280 SL (1967–1971)

Mercedes-Benz 280 SL interior
1969–1971 Mercedes-Benz 280 SL
1970 Mercedes-Benz 280 SL, European model

The 280 SL was introduced in December 1967 and continued in production through 23 February 1971, when the W 113 was replaced by the entirely new and substantially heavier

R107 350 SL. Over the years, the W 113 evolved from a sports car into a comfortable grand tourer
, and US models were by then usually equipped with the 4-speed automatic transmission and air conditioning. Manual transmission models came with the standard 4-speed or the optional ZF 5-speed, which was ordered only 882 times and thus is a highly sought-after original option today. In Europe, manual transmissions without air conditioning were still the predominant choice. Of the 23,885 280 SLs produced, more than half were sold in the US.

The main change was an upgrade to the 2,778 cc (2.8 L)

M180 block, and required pairwise cylinder casts without cooling water passages. This mandated an oil-cooler, which was fitted vertically next to the radiator. Each engine was now bench-tested for two hours prior to being fitted, so their power specification was guaranteed at last.[9]

The M130 marked the final evolution of Mercedes-Benz' venerable

M189
alloy inline-six.

A brief chronology of the most notable changes made to the 280SL:[8]

  • 12/1967: One piece wheel-covers (like
    W 108/W 109
    sedans).
  • 10/1968: US models with sealed beam headlights without fog lights.[11]
  • 02/1969: New tail lights with amber turn signals.[12]
  • 05/1969: ZF 5-speed manual transmission discontinued as listed option and available only on special request.
  • 07/1969: US models with headlight assembly with full amber lower section, illuminated side markers, transistorized ignition, and improved emission control.
  • 08/1969: Heated rear window for hardtop, hazard lights for all models, single master key for all locks.
  • 04/1970: Bosch Lichteinheit headlights optionally with halogen main beam (distinguished by "flat" instead of "bubble" lens).[13]
  • 08/1970: Fuchs alloy wheels available as a factory-fitted option.[14]
  • 11/1970: Opaque beige plastic coolant expansion tank (instead of satin-black paint over brass). New door locks: cylinder can be depressed while door is locked.

North American models

1969 Mercedes-Benz 280 SL, US model. The inward sloping greenhouse and stepped-down hardtop inspired the "pagoda" nickname

North American models have a number of subtle differences, the most obvious one being the distinctive "sealed beam" bulb headlights required in the US versus the Bosch Lichteinheit headlights for the rest of the world.[11] 1970 US models also acquired amber turn-signal lenses on the rear lights, later than most other countries.[12]

Other differences of the North American models include imperial gauges, chrome bumper guards, side reflectors (illuminated from 1970), lower rear-axle ratios for faster acceleration yet lower top speeds, and no "single-side" parking lights. US market 280 SL engines required emission control modifications, including "softer" valve timings, a reduced compression ratio and a modified injection pump, which reduced power from 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) to 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp).[7] In the US, automatic transmission, air conditioning, and white wall tires were much more popular than elsewhere.[citation needed]

European cars were popular as US gray-market imports: those vehicles were brought to the US some years after their original delivery in Europe. Early European imports had aftermarket hazard lights and Kangol seat belts fitted, US safety requirements that were adopted in Europe only in later production years.

Special versions

Pininfarina Coupé

W113 by Pininfarina

While the original design by Paul Bracq is highly regarded today, it was more controversial at the time of its introduction.[citation needed] So in 1963, Pininfarina asked the Mercedes-Benz board to produce its own custom-bodied version of the 230 SL. Pininfarina's Tom Tjaarda turned the roadster into a fixed-head coupé that vaguely resembled the Ferrari 250 GT Lusso. He retained the grille and headlamps of the original, but raked the grille more sharply, sculpted the wings, and made the sides more bulbous and thus wider, while making the bonnet narrower and shorter. The rear was reminiscent of the Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 (also a Tjaarda design), but without taking away the distinctive personality of the 230 SL.[15] Inside, Tjaarda left the dashboard unchanged, but the interior as a whole exuded the stamp of elegant Italian hand craftmanship.[citation needed] The result was appealing but not convincing enough to go into production and remained a one-off, subsequently acquired by German press baron Axel Springer.

W 113/12

Mercedes-Benz Chief Engineer Rudolf Uhlenhaut liked pushing the power envelope of his cars. In 1965, he fitted a 250 SL with the massive 6,332 cc (6.3 L) 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) M100 V8 engine from the Mercedes-Benz 600. This engine conversion gave the car, denoted as W 113/12, impressive power, but made it very front-heavy, so that this direction was abandoned. The car was eventually destroyed, the usual procedure for test vehicles at the time.[8]

Frua Shooting Brake

In 1966, the Turin coachbuilder Pietro Frua, a prominent car designer in Italy in the 1960s, presented a coach built 230 SLX Shooting Brake version of the 230 SL.[16]

R 113 W 33-29

In 1968, Mercedes-Benz fitted a 280 SL with a 206 PS (152 kW; 203 hp) M50F Wankel engine, denoted as R 113 W 33-29. With a top-speed of 205.1 km/h (127.4 mph), a 0-60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 8.7 seconds, and almost inaudible compared to regular SLs, it provided quite a surprise encounter for their owners in southern Germany at the time.[8]

Timeline

The model timeline and production numbers are:[8][17]

Production numbers.
Model Chassis Engine 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Total US
230 SL W113.042 2.3L 
I6
 1,465 6,911 6,325 4,945 185 19,831 4,752
250 SL W113.043 2.5L
I6
 17 5,177 2 5,196 1,761
280 SL W113.044 2.8L
I6
 143 6,930 8,047 7,935 830 23,885 12,927
48,912 19,440

Motorsports

Spa-Sofia-Liège Rally

In 1963, Eugen Böhringer won the 6,600-kilometre Spa-Sofia-Liège Rally (Belgium to Bulgaria) on a race-modified 1963 230 SL.[8][18] This vehicle was thought to have been destroyed for a long time, but turned up at a collector's house a few years ago. A newly build Replica is now in the permanent collection of the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart Untertürkheim, Germany. On 14 September 1963, Dutch Grand Prix racer Carel Godin de Beaufort took second place in class in the Vaals hill climb in a stock 230SL.

In 1964, Mercedes-Benz entered a modified 230 SL for Eugen Böhringer/Klaus Kaiser into the Spa-Sofia-Liège Ralley. These cars had special 2.6 liter engines (Probably with pairwise cylinder casts, a layout that was later adopted for M130 engine of the 280 SL). The 230 SL from the previous year was driven by Dieter Glemser/Martin Braungart, but did not finish. Also entered 2 W111 220 SE Limousines for Ewy Rosqvist/Manfred Schiek, who come 6th and Rolf Kreder/Alfred Kling, who did not finish. Due to considerable mechanical bad luck, Eugen Böhringer finished only third this time, after Rauno Aaltonen on Austin-Healey 3000 and Erik Carlsson on Saab.[8]

Acropolis Rally

In 1965, Dieter Glemser entered the Acropolis Rally on a light-weight 230 SL similar to the Spa-Sofia-Liège cars. His tuned 2.3 liter engine produced 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp), further evidence to the fact that 230 SL production engines rarely met their power specification. Unfortunately, Glemser was given wrong directions by the police, costing him his comfortable lead and relegating him to third place.[8]

In media

Magazines

  • The Belgian webzine Gentlemen's Corner listed the W113 among its 20 "Most stylish cars of the past 50 years".[19]
  • GQ listed the W113 among the "Ten cars that made Mercedes-Benz".[20]
  • David Gandy of Vogue.com listed the W113 as one of his "15 favorite cars".[21]
  • The
    Daily Telegraph put the W113 on its list of "The 100 most beautiful cars" of all time.[22]

Top Gear

On the British automotive TV show Top Gear (Season 3, Episode 8) the 280 SL is thought of highly, notably being described by the host at the time, Jeremy Clarkson, as one of the cars from the 1960s that has stood the test of time, being "from a time when Mercedes was still building its cars properly."[23]

Technical data

Technical data Mercedes-Benz SL (W113)[1] (Manufacturer's figures except where stated)
Mercedes-Benz 230 SL 250 SL 280 SL
Produced:  1963–1967 1966–1968 1967–1971
Chassis code:  W113.042 W113.043 W113.044
Engine: 
four-stroke
), front-mounted
Engine code:  M 127.II M 129.II M 130
Bore x Stroke:  82 mm (3.2 in) x 72.8 mm (2.9 in) 82 mm (3.2 in) x 78.8 mm (3.1 in) 86.5 mm (3.4 in) x 78.8 mm (3.1 in)
Displacement:  2308 cc 2496 cc 2778 cc
Max. Power @ rpm:  150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) @ 5500 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) @ 5500 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) @ 5750
Max. Torque @ rpm:  196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) @ 4200 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) @ 4200 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) @ 4500
Compression Ratio:  9.3: 1 9.5: 1 9.5: 1
Fuel feed:  Multi-port fuel injection,
Bosch
mechanical injection pump
Fuel tank capacity:  65 L (17.2 US gal; 14.3 imp gal) 82 L (21.7 US gal; 18.0 imp gal)
Valvetrain: 
SOHC
, single roller chain
SOHC
, duplex chain
Cooling:  Water
Gearbox:  4-speed manual, 4-speed automatic or 5-speed manual
rear wheel drive, standard axle ratio 3.75:1 (on request 3.69:1 or 3.92:1)
Electrical system:  12 volt
Front suspension:  Double wishbones, coil springs, stabilising bar
Rear suspension::  Swing axle, radius arms, compensating spring, coil springs
Brakes:  Disc/Drum brakes (Ø 253 mm (10.0 in) front, 230 mm (9.1 in) rear), power assisted Disc brakes all around (Ø 273 mm (10.7 in) front, 279 mm (11.0 in) rear), power assisted
Steering:  Recirculating ball steering, on request power-assisted
Body structure:  Sheet steel, monocoque (unibody) construction
Dry weight:  1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
(hardtop + 49 kg (108 lb))		 1,360 kg (3,000 lb)
(hardtop + 49 kg (108 lb))
Loaded weight:  1,650 kg (3,640 lb) 1,715 kg (3,781 lb)
Track front/
rear: 		 1,485 mm (58.5 in) 1,485 mm (58.5 in)
Wheelbase:  2,400 mm (94 in)
Length:  4,285 mm (168.7 in)
Width:  1,760 mm (69 in)
Height:  1,305 mm (51.4 in)
Tyre/Tire sizes:  185 HR 14
Top speed:  200 km/h (124 mph) 195 km/h (121 mph) 200 km/h (124 mph)
Fuel Consumption (estimate):  15.0 litres per 100 kilometres (18.8 mpg‑imp; 15.7 mpg‑US) 16.0 litres per 100 kilometres (17.7 mpg‑imp; 14.7 mpg‑US) 16.5 litres per 100 kilometres (17.1 mpg‑imp; 14.3 mpg‑US)
Price Germany
USA: 		 22,200 DM
$7,506−$7,907, later $6,185−$6,587[24]		 22,800 DM
$6,485−$6,897		 24,300 DM
$6,485−$6,897, later $7,469−$7,909

Famous owners

Prominent owners of the W113 (mainly 280 SL) included Juan Manuel Fangio (230SL), Charlton Heston,[20] David Coulthard (midnight blue (904G) 1971 280 SL), Tony Curtis,[20] Walt Disney,[25] John Lennon (dark blue (332G) 1965 230 SL,[20] which was for sale for $495,000 in 2011[26]), John Travolta (havana brown (408G) 1970 280 SL),[27] which was stolen in September 2011,[28] Kate Moss (metallic blue (387H) 280 SL[29]), Nico Rosberg,[30] Peter Ustinov,[20] Sophia Loren,[20] Stirling Moss[31]), Colin Powell,[32] Priscilla Presley (a gift from her then-husband, Elvis Presley, her 1969 white convertible 280SL is at Graceland on permanent display) and John Gutfreund.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-3-613-02131-0
    .
  2. ^ US patent 3169793, Béla Barényi & Paul Bracq, "Motor vehicle with a concave top", issued 1965-02-16, assigned to Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft= 
  3. ^ "1955-1963 Mercedes-Benz 190 SL". auto.howstuffworks.com. 18 September 2007.
  4. ^ "Star of Geneva". www.mercedesheritage.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  5. ^ "W113-280SL-Fahrwerk". Mercedes-Benz Classic Wiki. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011.
  6. ^ "Mercedes-Benz 230SL". sportscars.tv.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-3-89365-540-3
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-3-613-01367-4
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84584-304-5
    .
  10. ^ a b c "New Mercedes benz 250 SL released Geneva". Autocar. Vol. 126 (nbr 3706). 9 March 1967. p. 32.
  11. ^ a b "US Light Assembly". www.sl113.org.
  12. ^ a b "Tail lights". www.sl113.org.
  13. ^ "European Headlight Assembly". www.sl113.org.
  14. ^ "Alloy Wheels". www.sl113.org.
  15. ^ "The Pininfarina 230 SL". mercedesheritage.com. 6 November 2009.
  16. ^ "Mercedes-Benz 230 SLX Shooting brake". pietro-frua.de. 2010.
  17. ISBN 978-3-613-02019-1
    .
  18. ^ Patrick C. Paternie (8 September 2010). "Fast Classics: Mercedes-Benz 230 SL and 300SE Rally Cars". wheellifeadventures.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
  19. ^ "Most stylish cars of the past 50 years". Belgium: Gentlemen's Corner. 25 January 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Jason Barlow (July 2011). "Ten cars that made Mercedes-Benz". GQ. U.S. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  21. ^ David Gandy (January 2011). "15 favourite cars". U.S.: Vogue.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  22. ^ "The 100 most beautiful cars". The Daily Telegraph. U.K. March 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  23. ^ Jeremy Clarkson (21 December 2003). "Top Gear - 280 SL". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011.
  24. ISBN 0-87341-605-8
    , p. 533-536
  25. ^ Weiss, Werner. "Walt Disney Hometown Museum in Marceline, Missouri". Yesterland. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  26. ^ "1965 Mercedes-Benz 230 SL Roadster". vintagemotorssarasota.com. February 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011.
  27. ^ Mihnea Radu (February 2011). "John Travolta Spotted in His 1965 Mercedes 230 SL Roadster". autoevolution.com.
  28. ^ Josh Grossberg (September 2011). "John Travolta's vintage Mercedes stolen". msnbc.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011.
  29. ^ Clarencia Cynrae (March 2008). "Kate Moss in her classic Mercedes SL in 2002". celebgalz.com.
  30. ^ "Nico Rosberg". Facebook. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022.
  31. ISBN 978-3-613-02869-2
    .
  32. ^ "Colin Powell's Favorite Cars". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016.

Bibliography

General

Workshop manuals

External links

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