Merdjefare
Merdjefare | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reign | 3 to 4 years, starting after c. 1704 BC and finishing 1699 BC [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Sehebre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Successor | Sewadjkare III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dynasty | 14th Dynasty |
Merdjefare was an
Attestation
Merdjefare is one of only four pharaohs of the 14th Dynasty to have left any attestation beyond the Turin canon, a king list compiled in the early Ramesside period.[3] Indeed, Merdjefare is mentioned on the stele of a royal seal-bearer and treasurer named Ranisonb. The stele, discovered in 1988–89, shows Merdjefare making offerings to Sopdharsopd and probably originates from Ranisonb's tomb at Saft el-Hinna in the southeastern Nile Delta. The stele is now in the private Krief collection.[1][2][3]
Chronological Position
Merdjefare's relative position in the 14th Dynasty is somewhat secured by the Turin canon, which mentions him in column 9, line 5. According to this king list, Merdjefare reigned for 3 to 4 years, one of the longest reigns of the 14th Dynasty, and was preceded by Sehebre and succeeded by Sewadjkare III.[2]
At the opposite, Merdjefare's absolute chronological position is debated. According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Merdjefare was the tenth king of the 14th Dynasty, reigning c. 1700 BC for 3 to 4 years.[2] Ryholt's reconstruction of the early 14th Dynasty is controversial however and other specialists, such as Manfred Bietak and Jürgen von Beckerath, believe that the dynasty started shortly before Nehesy c. 1710 BC rather than c. 1805 BC as proposed by Ryholt. In this case, Merdjefare would only be the fifth king of the dynasty.[4][5]
Identity
Since only Merdjefare's
References
- ^ a b Jean Yoyotte, "Le roi Mer-Djefa-Rê et le dieu Sopdu, Un monument de la XIVe dynastie", Bulletin de la Société française d'égyptologie 114 (1989), pp.17-63
- ^ a b c d e f K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 203-204
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46, Mainz am Rhein, 1997