Mersin

Coordinates: 36°48′N 34°38′E / 36.800°N 34.633°E / 36.800; 34.633
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Mersin
Kızkalesi
UTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
33XXX
Area code(+90) 324 Metropolitan Municipality
Licence plate
33
WebsiteMersin

Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

Mersin lies on the western side of Çukurova, a geographical, economic and cultural region of Turkey. It is an important hub for Turkey's economy, with Turkey's largest seaport being located here. The city hosted the 2013 Mediterranean Games.

As urbanisation continues eastward, a larger metropolitan region combining Mersin with Tarsus and Adana (the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area) is in the making with more than 3.3 million inhabitants.

TCDD
trains.

Etymology

The city was named after the aromatic plant genus Myrsine (Turkish: Mersin, Greek: Μυρσίνη) in the family Primulaceae, a myrtle that grows in abundance in the area. The 17th-century Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi also recorded in his Seyahatnâme that there was a clan named the Mersinoğulları (Sons of Mersin) living in the area.[3] In the 19th century Mersin was also referred to as Mersina.

History

Prehistory

This coast has been inhabited since the 9th millennium BC. Excavations by John Garstang of the hill of Yumuktepe[4] have revealed 23 levels of occupation, the earliest dating from ca. 6300 BC. Fortifications were put up around 4500 BC, but the site appears to have been abandoned between 350 BC and 300 BC.

Classical era

Over the centuries, the city was ruled by many states and civilisations including the

Lagids. During the Ancient Greek period, the city bore the name Zephyrion (Greek: Ζεφύριον[5]) and was mentioned by numerous ancient authors. Apart from its natural harbour and strategic position along the trade routes of southern Anatolia, the city profited from trade in molybdenum (white lead) from the neighbouring mines of Coreyra. Ancient sources attributed the best molybdenum to the city, which also minted its own coins.[citation needed
]

Hellenistic sculpture in Mersin Archaeological Museum

The area later became a part of the

Latinised to Zephyrium, was renamed as Hadrianopolis in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian.[citation needed] After the death of the emperor Theodosius I in 395 and the subsequent permanent division of the Roman Empire, Mersin fell into what became the Byzantine Empire.[citation needed
]

The city was an

Council in Trullo in 692. The bishopric is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees, but since the Second Vatican Council no new titular bishop of this Eastern see has been appointed.[7]

Medieval period

Cilicia was conquered by the

House of Lampron. From 1362 to 1513 the region was captured and governed by the Ramadanid Emirate, first as a protectorate of the Mamluk Sultanate, then as an independent state for roughly a century and then as a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire from 1513 until 1518 when it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire and turned into an imperial province.[citation needed
]

Ottoman Empire

From Mersin Archaeological Museum

During the American Civil War, the region became a major supplier of cotton to make up for the high demand due to shortage. Railroads were extended to Mersin in 1866 from where cotton was exported by sea, and the city developed into a major trade centre.[8]

In 1909, Mersin's port hosted 645

sesame seeds, cotton, cottonseed, cakes and cereals, and livestock. Cotton was exported to Europe, grain to Turkey and livestock to Egypt. Coal was the main import into Mersin at this time. Messageries Maritimes was the largest shipping line to use the port at Mersin.[9]

In 1918, the

Turkish Army in 1921 at the end of the Franco-Turkish War. In 1924, Mersin was made a province, and in 1933 Mersin and İçel provinces were merged to form the (greater Mersin) İçel Province. The capital of the province was Mersin. In 2002 the name of the province was changed to Mersin Province.[10]

As of 1920, Mersin had five piers at its port, with one privately owned by a railroad company serving Mersin, Tarsus, and Adana.[11]

Modern Mersin

Limonluk neighbourhood

Today, Mersin is a large city spreading out along the coast,it has the longest seashore in Turkey as well as in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Metropolitan Municipality has rescued long stretches of the seafront with walkways, parks and statues, and there are still palm trees on the roadsides

Since the start of the Syrian War in 2011 Mersin has acquired a large population of Syrian refugees .

On 6 February 2023 Mersin was shaken by the twin

Turkey-Syria earthquakes
. Citizens made homeless in cities further to the east also flocked to Mersin in search of shelter.

Local Attractions

There are six museums within the Mersin urban area; Mersin Archaeological Museum,[12] Mersin Atatürk Museum, Mersin Naval Museum, Mersin State Art and Sculpture Museum, Mersin Urban History Museum, Mersin Water Museum.

In the western suburb of Viranşehir (Ruined City) the remains of the ancient city of Soli/Pompeiiopolis stand close to the sea. Only two colonnades dating from the 2nd or 3rd century are obvious although the outline of the agora and of a mole from the harbour can just about be made out.[13]

The Chasms of Heaven and Hell are located in the rural region of Silifke, a district in Mersin.[14] The chasms are two sinkholes that were naturally formed from underground waters melting the layer of limestone above.[14] The heaven sinkhole has a small monastery located in the corner of the entrance.[14] The deepest point of the sinkhole is 135 meters deep.[14] The hell sinkhole is 128 meters deep.[14] In mythology, there is a story of Zeus temporarily trapping Typhon in the sinkhole.[14]

The city has a total of three modern shopping malls, from which the Forum Mersin is the largest one. Mersin Marina can also be considered a shopping center with over 40 shops, apart from its main function as a marina. In the old city center you will find further shopping opportunities and bazaar-like shopping areas.

Geography

Köppen map of Mersin Province and surrounding regions:[15]
  •   
    Csb
  •   Dsa
  •   Dsb
  •   Dsc

Unlike the mountainous rugged terrain of the whole province Mersin is located at the western edge of the Çukurova plain. Earthquake risk of the city is relatively low especially compared to other regions of Turkey, but due to its closeness to several other fault lines in Anatolia, the city center, which was built on an alluvial deposit is considered to be a risk region.[16][17]

Climate

Mersin has a

subtropical climate
with hot, humid summers and mild, wet winters. Mersin has its highest rainfall in winter. The driest months are in summer with hardly any rainfall at all. The highest temperature of Mersin was recorded on 3 September 2020 at 41.5 °C (106.7 °F).

Climate data for Mersin (1991–2020, extremes 1940–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.2
(77.4)
26.5
(79.7)
29.8
(85.6)
34.7
(94.5)
36.0
(96.8)
40.0
(104.0)
38.1
(100.6)
39.8
(103.6)
41.5
(106.7)
37.5
(99.5)
31.0
(87.8)
27.0
(80.6)
41.5
(106.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4)
16.2
(61.2)
19.0
(66.2)
22.2
(72.0)
25.8
(78.4)
29.1
(84.4)
31.9
(89.4)
32.8
(91.0)
31.1
(88.0)
27.9
(82.2)
22.1
(71.8)
16.9
(62.4)
24.2
(75.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)
12.0
(53.6)
14.9
(58.8)
18.2
(64.8)
22.1
(71.8)
25.8
(78.4)
28.7
(83.7)
29.3
(84.7)
27.0
(80.6)
23.0
(73.4)
17.2
(63.0)
12.6
(54.7)
20.1
(68.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)
8.2
(46.8)
10.9
(51.6)
14.4
(57.9)
18.6
(65.5)
22.6
(72.7)
25.8
(78.4)
26.3
(79.3)
23.2
(73.8)
18.6
(65.5)
13.0
(55.4)
9.1
(48.4)
16.5
(61.7)
Record low °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7)
−6.6
(20.1)
−2.2
(28.0)
0.6
(33.1)
7.0
(44.6)
12.0
(53.6)
16.1
(61.0)
15.0
(59.0)
11.0
(51.8)
2.7
(36.9)
−3.3
(26.1)
−3.0
(26.6)
−6.6
(20.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 115.9
(4.56)
79.0
(3.11)
56.1
(2.21)
34.6
(1.36)
26.7
(1.05)
12.0
(0.47)
9.3
(0.37)
7.3
(0.29)
13.4
(0.53)
35.7
(1.41)
80.2
(3.16)
162.7
(6.41)
632.9
(24.92)
Average rainy days 10.07 9.07 7.37 7.27 6.07 2.70 1.00 1.03 2.13 5.27 6.37 10.83 69.2
Average
relative humidity
(%)
62.5 62.5 63.6 66.7 69.3 71.2 72.1 69.7 63.2 57.6 56.7 61.9 64.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 148.8 158.2 210.8 231.0 263.5 294.0 313.1 303.8 273.0 235.6 177.0 142.6 2,751.4
Mean daily sunshine hours 4.8 5.6 6.8 7.7 8.5 9.8 10.1 9.8 9.1 7.6 5.9 4.6 7.5
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[18]
Source 2:
NOAA (humidity, 1991-2020)[19]

Demographics

The population of the city was 1,040,507 according to 2022 estimates.[1] This figure refers to the urban part of the four districts Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir, that had a total population of 1,077,054 at the end of 2022.[20] As of a 2021 estimation, the population of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area was 3,300,000 inhabitants, making it the 4th most populous area of Turkey.[citation needed]

Religion

The

Muslims, Christians and Jews.[21][22]

Economy and transportation

European countries
, with a capacity of 6,000 ships per year.

Next to the port is the

Russian Federation and Central Asia. In 2002 the free zone's trading volume was US$51.8 billion.[23]

Historically, Mersin was a major producer of cottonseed oil.[24] The area around Mersin is famous for citrus and cotton production. Bananas, olives and assorted other fruits are also produced.


Mersin has

intercity bus services, replacing the bus station that had been in the city centre since 1986. A metro system with 11 stations and a length of 13.4 kilometres (8.3 mi) is scheduled to open at the end of 2026.[25]
Work is underway to complete the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant, Turkey's first nuclear power plant, some 80 miles west of Mersin.[26] Environmental groups, such as Greenpeace, have opposed the construction.[27]

Culture

Mersin Opera and Ballet House

Mersin is home to a State Opera and Ballet, the fourth in Turkey after Istanbul, İzmir and Ankara. Mersin International Music Festival was established in 2001 and takes place every October.

The photography associations Mersin Fotoğraf Derneği (MFD) and Mersin Olba Fotoğraf Derneği (MOF) are amongst the city's most popular and active cultural organisations. Some cultural activities are sponsored by the

İçel Sanat Kulübü (Art Club of Mersin) and Mediterranean Opera and Ballet Club
.

The Mersin Citrus Festival is a festival organized to promote the citrus produced in Mersin.[28] The festival typically includes folk dancers from different traditions and sculptures constructed from different types of citrus.[29] The first festival was held in 2010. The festival is held annually on a weekend in November.[29]

Cuisine

Mersin is best known in Turkey for its tantuni, and restaurants serving it can be found all over the country. The provincial cuisine includes specialties such as:

Media

Local TV channels
Local radio channels
  • Radyo Metropol (101.8)
  • Tarsus Süper FM (91.1)
  • Tempo 94 FM (94.3)
  • Örgün FM (94.7)
  • Tarsus Star FM (95.5)
  • Tarsus Radyo Time (97.7)
  • Flaş FM (98.3)
  • Mix FM (91.6) (sadece yabancı müzik, 1993-günümüz)
  • Kent Radyo (98.5)

Sports

The city was formerly home to

women's basketball team plays in the Turkish Women's Basketball League
.

The city has one football stadium,

Edip Buran Sport Hall
, which has a seating capacity of 2,700.

Eleven new sports venues were built for Mersin to host the

Universities

Mersin University Dorms

Mersin University was founded in 1992 and started teaching in 1993–1994, with eleven faculties, six schools and nine vocational schools. The university has had about 10,000 graduates, has broadened its current academic staff to more than 2,100 academicians.

Toros University is a non-profit private foundation established in Mersin in 2009.

Çağ University

Tarsus University

Twin towns – sister cities

Mersin is

twinned with:[32]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Mersin". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  2. ^ SysAdmin. "Akgünler Denizcilik | Kıbrıs Gemi Biletleri | Online Bilet Al". Akgünler Denizcilik | Kıbrıs Feribot-Kıbrıs Gemi Bileti (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  3. ^ İçel: Mersin- Tarsus- Çamlıyayla- Erdemli- Silifke- Aydıncık- Bozyazı- Anamur- Gülnar- Mut (Kültür, Turizm ve Tanıtım yayınları, 1992), p. 7.
  4. ^ "YUMUKTEPE HÖYÜĞÜ Toroslar Belediyesi". Toroslar Belediyesi. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  5. ^ http://www.jannis.tu-berlin.de/City_&_Ruler_Names.html Archived 2007-06-14 at archive.today retrieved June 14, 2007
  6. OCLC 955922747
    .
  7. ), p. 1012
  8. ^ "Mersin (İçel)". www.cometoturkey.com. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  9. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  10. ^ "Tarih".
  11. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  12. ^ "Mersin Museum | Turkish Museums". Turkish Museum. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  13. .
  14. ^ a b c d e f "SİLİFKE CHASM OF HEAVEN AND HELL". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  15. ^ "Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution". Nature Scientific Data. DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.214.
  16. ^ "Mersin deprem bölgesi mi? Mersin'de deprem risk var mı? Mersin'de fay hattı var mı?". Haberler (in Turkish). 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  17. ^ "TÜRKİYE DEPREM RİSK HARİTASI GÜNCEL | Türkiye'de aktif kaç fay hattı var, hangi illerden fay hattı geçiyor? Marmara, İç Anadolu, Karadeniz, Ege en az ve en..." www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  18. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  19. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  20. TÜİK
    . Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  21. ^ "Mersin Mezarlığı'nda Hristiyan ve Müslümanlar birlikte dua etti-Mersin Haberleri". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  22. ^ GÜNGÖR, İZGİ (10 March 2008). "Not only bodies, but prejudices buried in Mersin Cemetery". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  23. ^ "Mersin Free Zone". www.mtso.org.tr. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  24. ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 113.
  25. ^ "Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığının İstanbul'daki 7 metro hattı 2023'te tamamlanmış olacak". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  26. ^ "Akkuyu NPP Construction Project AKKUYU NÜKLEER A.Ş." www.akkunpp.com. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  27. ^ Demonstration against nuclear power in Mersin Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine Firat News agency
  28. ^ "8. Mersin Narenciye Festivali 12-13 Kasım'da". 8. Mersin Narenciye Festivali 12-13 Kasım'da (in Turkish). 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  29. ^ a b "FESTİVALİN AMACI". 8. Mersin Narenciye Festivali 12-13 Kasım'da (in Turkish). 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  30. ^ "Mersin, Tesisleri ile Fark Yaratacak..." (in Turkish). Mersin 2013 XVII Akdeniz Oyunları. Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  31. ^ "Nevin Yanıt Atletizm Kompleksi" (in Turkish). 2013 Mersin XVII Akdeniz Oyunlatı. Archived from the original on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  32. ^ "Kardeş Şehirlerimiz". mersin.bel.tr (in Turkish). Mersin. Archived from the original on 2020-02-29. Retrieved 2020-01-19.

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