Merycoidodon

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Merycoidodon
Temporal range: Middle Eocene–Middle Miocene
Merycoidodon skeleton at Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: †
Merycoidodontidae
Subfamily: †
Merycoidodontinae
Genus: †Merycoidodon
Leidy, 1848
Type species
†Oreodon culbertsoni
(Leidy, 1848)
Subgenera and species[1]

†Merycoidodon

  • †M. (?M.) presidioensis
  • †M. (M.) culbertsoni

†Otarohyus

  • †M. (O.) bullatus
  • †M. (O.) major

unassigned

  • †M. dunagani
Synonyms
  • †Blickohyus Schultz and Falkenbach, 1968
  • †Genetochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach, 1968
  • †Oreodon Leidy, 1851
  • †Otionohyus Schultz and Falkenbach, 1968
  • †Paramerycoidodon Schultz and Falkenbach, 1968
  • †Prodesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach, 1954
  • †Subdesmatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach, 1954

Merycoidodon ("

mya) existing for approximately 30 million years.[2]

Taxonomy

Skull of Merycoidodon culbertsoni

Most researchers in

oreodont, even though it was once widely known by the younger synonym of Oreodon. Taxonomically speaking, Merycoidodon belongs to the family Merycoidodontidae (once known as "Oreodontidae"), a group of artiodactyls related to camels that were endemic to North America. Its ancestors date back to the Eocene and its last descendants are known from the end of the Miocene, so that oreodonts, broadly speaking, lived throughout most of the Paleogene
.

Morphology

Painting from around 1920
Modern restoration of Merycoidodon culbertsoni

Merycoidodon would have somewhat resembled a pig in appearance, but had a longer body, at about 1.4 metres (4.6 ft), and short limbs. The fore limbs had five toes (although the first one was vestigial), while the hind limbs had four. Given the shape of the limbs, it is unlikely that the animals would have been able to run fast. Unlike modern ruminants, they had a full set of teeth, although the molars were adapted for grinding up tough vegetation. Notably, they had strong, and very striking, canines.[3]

The skulls of Merycoidodon have a pit in front of the eyes. Similar pits are found in the skulls of modern

marking territory. Although Merycoidodon was not directly related to deer, it seems likely that it possessed a similar gland, which may imply that it, too, was territorial.[3] Oreodonts lived in large herds and moved about from place to place. They seem to have had a predilection for well-watered regions, where food was plentiful and succulent. The number of fossils found implies that, at one time, oreodonts were as plentiful in South Dakota as zebras are today on the serengeti plains, and as common in Denver, Colorado
as cattle on the Colorado farm range.

Fossil distribution

Fossils have been uncovered from as far north as

Alberta, Canada to Florida, Texas, Colorado and Oregon in the United States
.

Gallery

  • Merycoidodon gracilis from South Dakota
    Merycoidodon gracilis from South Dakota
  • Merycoidodon gracilis from South Dakota. Skull
    Merycoidodon gracilis from South Dakota. Skull
  • 3 cm-long teeth on a jaw fragment from Merycoidodon culbertsoni. Oligocene, Brule Formation, South Dakota, USA
    3 cm-long teeth on a jaw fragment from Merycoidodon culbertsoni. Oligocene, Brule Formation, South Dakota, USA

References

  1. ISBN 0-521-43387-8
    .
  2. ^ Merycoidodon at fossilworks
  3. ^
    ISBN 1-84028-152-9
    .
  • Benes, Josef. Prehistoric Animals and Plants. Pg. 219. Prague: Artua, 1979.

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merycoidodon&oldid=1210036611"