Metabotropic receptor
A metabotropic receptor, also referred to by the broader term
Both receptor types are activated by specific
Mechanism
Chemical messengers bind to metabotropic receptors to initiate a diversity of effects caused by biochemical signaling cascades. G protein-coupled receptors are all metabotropic receptors. When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, or G protein, activates a second messenger cascade which can alter gene transcription, regulate other proteins in the cell, release intracellular Ca2+, or directly affect ion channels on the membrane.[3][4] These receptors can remain open from seconds to minutes and are associated with long-lasting effects, such as modifying synaptic strength and modulating short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.[5]
Metabotropic receptors have a diversity of ligands, including but not limited to: small molecule transmitters,
Structure
The G protein-coupled receptors have seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Most of them are monomeric proteins, although GABAB receptors require heterodimerization to function properly. The protein's
The 7 transmembrane spanning domains, with an external amino terminus, are often claimed as being alpha helix shaped, and the polypeptide chain is said to be composed of around 450–550 amino acids.
References
- ^ Purves, Dale, ed. (2018). Neuroscience, 6th ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. p. 103.
- ^ ISBN 0-87893-742-0.
- ^ )
- ISBN 978-0-12-809841-7, retrieved October 30, 2020
- ^ PMID 24907657.
- ISBN 9780198523444.
- PMID 23040802.
- ISBN 978-0-8053-5910-7.
Further reading
- Zimmerberg, B. 2002. Dopamine receptors: A representative family of metabotropic receptors. Multimedia Neuroscience Education Project [1]