Miacidae
Miacidae early | |
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skull of Miacis parvivorus | |
skeleton of Vulpavus ovatus
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Clade: | Carnivoraformes
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Family: | †Miacidae Cope, 1880[1] |
Type genus | |
†Miacis Cope, 1872
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Genera | |
[see classification]
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Synonyms | |
list of synonyms:
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Miacidae ("small points") is a former
Miacids are thought to have evolved into the modern carnivorous mammals of the order Carnivora. They were small carnivores, superficially
They probably fed on invertebrates,
Classification
History of classification
Miacidae as traditionally conceived is not a
The divergence of carnivorans from miacids is now inferred to have occurred in the middle Eocene (c. 42 million years ago).[14] Traditionally, the Viverravidae (viverravids) had been thought to be the earliest carnivorans, with fossil records first appearing in the Paleocene of North America about 66 million years ago, but recent cranial morphology evidence now places them outside the order Carnivora.[15] Later authorities disagreed, and propose that the viverravids arose in North America 66-60 million years ago, spread to Asia then later to Europe, and were the first carnivorans and possessed the first true pair of carnassial teeth.[16]: p8
It has been proposed that miacids arose in North America and Europe 60-50 million years ago then later spread to Asia.[17] Like the earlier viverravids, they possessed a true pair of carnassial teeth and therefore are related to order Carnivora.[18] They also possessed a full set of cheek teeth, were weasel to small fox sized, and lived in forests. All modern carnivorans arose from them.[16]: p9
Taxonomy
- Family: †Miacidae (Cope, 1880)
- Genus: †Chailicyon (Chow, 1975)
- Genus: †Eogale (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
- Genus: †Gracilocyon (Smith & Smith, 2010)
- Genus: †Harpalodon (Marsh, 1872)
- Genus: †Lycarion (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Messelogale (Springhorn, 2000)
- Genus: †Miacis (Cope, 1872)
- Genus: †Miocyon (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Neovulpavus (Wortman, 1901)
- Genus: †Oodectes (Wortman, 1901)
- Genus: †Palaearctonyx (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Paramiacis (Mathis, 1985)
- Genus: †Paroodectes (Springhorn, 1980)
- Genus: †Procynodictis (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Genus: †Prodaphaenus (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Genus: †Quercygale (Kretzoi, 1945)
- Genus: †Simamphicyon (Viret, 1942)
- Genus: †Tapocyon (Stock, 1934)
- Genus: †Uintacyon (Leidy, 1872)
- Genus: †Vassacyon (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Vulpavus (Marsh, 1871)
- Genus: †Xinyuictis (Zheng, 1975)
- Genus: †Zodiocyon (Tong & Wang, 2006)
Phylogeny
Ferungulata |
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References
- ^ E. D. Cope (1880.) "On the genera of the Creodonta." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19:76-82
- ^ W. D. Matthew (1909) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
- ^ Haeckel, Ernst (1895). Systematische Phylogenie: Wirbelthiere (in German). Vol. T.3. Berlin: G. Reimer.
- ^ Trouessart, E. L. (1885) "Note sur le classification des Analgésiens et diagnoses d'espèces et de genres nouveaux." Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques d'Angers, 14, 46–89. [Publ. February, 1885. for year 1884.]
- ^ Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.
- ^ Tielhard de Chardin, P. (1915) "Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy" Annales de Paléontologie, 9, 101–192
- ^ Miklos Kretzoi (1945) "Bemerkungen über das Raubtiersystem." Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest, vol. 38, pp. 59-83.
- ^ O. P. Hay (1902.) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
- ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ISBN 9780521355193
- ^ "Miacidae in the Paleobiology Database". Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ IRMNG (2018). Miacidae Cope, 1880 †. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=102911 on 2019-01-22
- ^ Cost, Ian N. (2013-10-02). "Extinct Animal of the Week: Before Things Got Dire". Extinct Animal of the Week. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
- ^ "Ancestors". Red Wolf. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
- doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00586.x.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ OCLC 822229250.
- ^ "Miacis | extinct mammal genus". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
- ^ "The Cat Survival Trust". www.catsurvivaltrust.org. Retrieved 2019-02-18.