Michael (archangel)
Feast |
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Michael,
Judaism
The
Enoch was instrumental in establishing the pre-eminent place of Michael among the angels or archangels, and in later Jewish works, he is said to be their chief, mediating the Torah (the law of God), and standing at the right hand of the throne of God.[8] In the traditions of the Qumran community, he defends or leads the people of God in the eschatological (i.e., end-time) battle.[19] And in other writings, he is responsible for the care of Israel (and he may be the "one like a son of man" mentioned in Daniel 7:13–14) and the commander of the heavenly armies; he is Israel's advocate contesting Satan's claim to the body of Moses; he intercedes between God and humanity and serves as High Priest in the heavenly sanctuary; and he accompanies the souls of the righteous dead to Paradise.[9]
New Testament
The seven archangels (or four – the traditions differ but always include Michael) were associated with the branches of the menorah, the sacred seven-branched lampstand in the Temple as the seven spirits before the throne of God, and this is reflected in the Book of Revelation 4:5 ("From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings and peals of thunder, and before the throne were burning seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God" – ESV).[20] Michael is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7-12, where he does battle with Satan and casts him out of heaven so that he no longer has access to God as accuser (his formal role in the Old Testament).[14] The fall of Satan at the coming of Jesus marks the separation of the New Testament from Judaism.[21] In Luke 22:31 Jesus tells Peter that Satan has asked God for permission to "sift" the disciples, the goal being to accuse them, but the accusation is opposed by Jesus, who thus takes on the role played by angels, and especially by Michael, in Judaism.[22]
Michael is mentioned by name for the second time in the Epistle of Jude, a passionate plea for believers in Christ to do battle against heresy.[23] In verses 9–10 the author denounces the heretics by contrasting them with the archangel Michael, who, disputing with Satan over the body of Moses, "did not presume to pronounce the verdict of 'slander' but said, 'The Lord punish you!'[24]
Qur'an and other Muslim traditions
Michael is called Mika'il in Muslim works generally, but in the one instance in which he is mentioned in the Quran he is called Mikal.[25] The single Quranic mention comes in the QS 2:98, when the Jews of Medina challenged Muhammed to tell them the name of the angel from whom he received his revelations; when he told them it was Gabriel, the Jews said that Gabriel was their enemy, and that revelations came from Michael.[26] The hadith (sayings of and about the Prophet collected by his followers) quote Muhammed mentioning both Gabriel and Michael as two angels who showed him Paradise and hell, and in the early years of Islam the Muslims recited the names of both in the obligatory daily prayers (the salat).[27] The place of Michael, and some of the other archangels, is not clearly identified in the major sources, and among ordinary Muslims knowledge of them is drawn from non-Islamic sources, notably Jewish.[27]
Later traditions
Judaism
According to rabbinic tradition, Michael acted as the advocate of Israel, and sometimes had to fight with the princes of the other nations (Daniel 10:13) and particularly with the angel Samael, Israel's accuser. Their enmity dates from the time Samael was thrown from heaven and tried to drag Michael down with him, necessitating God's intervention.[28][29]
The idea that Michael was the advocate of the Jews became so prevalent that in spite of the rabbinical prohibition against appealing to angels as intermediaries between God and his people, he held a place in the Jewish liturgy: "When a man is in need he must pray directly to God, and neither to Michael nor to Gabriel."[30] Jeremiah addresses a prayer to him.[31]
The rabbis declare that Michael entered into his role of defender at the time of the biblical patriarchs. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said he rescued Abraham from the furnace into which he had been thrown by Nimrod (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16). Some say he was the "one that had escaped" (Genesis 14:13), who told Abraham that Lot had been taken captive (Midrash Pirke R. El.), and who protected Sarah from defilement by Abimelech.
Michael prevented
The midrash Exodus Rabbah holds that Michael exercised his function of advocate of Israel at the time of the Exodus and destroyed Sennacherib's army.[33]
Christianity
Early Christian views and devotions
Michael was venerated as a healer in Phrygia (modern-day Turkey).[34]
The earliest and most famous sanctuary to Michael in the ancient Near East was also associated with healing waters. It was the Michaelion built in the early fourth century by Constantine the Great at Chalcedon, on the site of an earlier temple called Sosthenion.[35]
Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 310–320 – 403) in his Coptic-Arabic Hexaemeron referred to Michael as a replacement of Satan. Accordingly, after Satan fell, Michael was appointed to the function Satan served when he was still one of the noble angels.[36]
A painting of the Archangel slaying a serpent became a major art piece at the Michaelion after Constantine defeated
In the fourth century,
In the sixth century, the growth of devotions to Michael in the
The
Catholicism
Catholics often refer to Michael as "Holy Michael, the Archangel"[39] or "Saint Michael", a title that does not indicate canonisation. He is generally referred to in Christian litanies as "Saint Michael", as in the Litany of the Saints. In the shortened version used in the Easter Vigil, he alone of the angels and archangels is mentioned by name, saints Gabriel and Raphael being omitted.[40]
In
The second and third roles of Michael in Catholic teachings deal with death. In his second role, he is the angel of death, carrying the souls of Christians to heaven. In this role he descends at the hour of death, and gives each soul the chance to redeem itself before passing; thus throwing the devil and his minions into consternation. Catholic prayers often refer to this role of Michael. In his third role, he weighs souls on his perfectly balanced scales. For this reason, he is often depicted holding scales.[43]
In his fourth role, Saint Michael, the special patron of the Chosen People in the Old Testament, is also the guardian of the Church. Saint Michael was revered by the military orders of knights during the
Catholic tradition includes also elements such as the Prayer to Saint Michael, which specifically asks for the faithful to be "defended" by the saint.[46][47][48] The Chaplet of Saint Michael consists of nine salutations, one for each choir of angels.[49][50]
Saint Michael the Archangel prayer
Sancte Míchael Archángele, |
Blessed Michael, archangel, |
Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy
The
The Eastern Orthodox have always had strong devotions to angels. In contemporary times they are referred to by the term of "Bodiless Powers".[55] A number of feasts dedicated to Archangel Michael are celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox throughout the year.[55]
Archangel Michael is mentioned in a number of Eastern Orthodox hymns and prayer, and his icons are widely used within Eastern Orthodox churches.[56] In many Eastern Orthodox icons, Christ is accompanied by a number of angels, Michael being a predominant figure among them.[56]
In Russia, many monasteries, cathedrals, court and merchant churches are dedicated to the Chief Commander Michael; most Russian cities have a church or chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael.[57][58]
While in the Serbian Orthodox Church Saint Sava has a special role as the establisher of its autocephaly and the largest Belgrade church is devoted to him, the capital Belgrade's Orthodox cathedral, the see church of the patriarch, is devoted to Archangel Michael (in Serbian: Арханђел Михаило / Arhanđel Mihailo).
The place of Michael in the
Protestantism
Protestants recognize Michael as an archangel. The
The
Many Protestant theologians identify a relationship, (e.g. typological), between Michael with Christ, including:
Martin Luther[66] Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg,[67] Andrew Willet[68] Herman Witsius[69] W. L. Alexander, Jacobus Ode,[70] Campegius Vitringa,[71]Philip Melanchthon,[72] Hugh Broughton,[73] Franciscus Junius,[74] Hävernick[75] Amandus Polanus,[76] Johannes Oecolampadius,[77] Samuel Horsely,[78] William Kincaid[79] John Calvin[80] Isaac Watts,[81] John Brown,[82] and James Wood.[83]
John Gill comments on Jude 9, "'Yet Michael the archangel ...' By whom is meant, not a created angel, but an eternal one, the Lord Jesus Christ ..."[86]
Seventh-day Adventists
Seventh-day Adventists believe that "Michael" is but one of the many titles applied to the pre-existent Christ, or Son of God. According to Adventists, such a view does not in any way conflict with the belief in the full deity and eternal preexistence of Jesus Christ, nor does it in the least disparage his person and work.[87] According to Adventist theology, Michael was considered the "eternal Word", and the one by whom all things were created. The Word was then born incarnate as Jesus.[88]
They believe that name "Michael" signifies "One Who Is Like God" and that as the "Archangel" or "chief or head of the angels" he led the angels and thus the statement in Revelation 12:7–9 identifies/refers to Jesus as Michael.[89]
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses believe Michael to be another name for Jesus in heaven, in his pre-human and post-resurrection existence.[90] They say the definite article at Jude 9[91]—referring to "Michael the archangel"—identifies Michael as the only archangel. They consider Michael to be synonymous with Christ, described at 1 Thessalonians 4:16[92] as descending "with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet".[93][94][95]
They believe the prominent roles assigned to Michael at Daniel 12:1,[96] Revelation 12:7,[97] Revelation 19:14,[98] and Revelation 16[99] are identical to Jesus' roles, being the one chosen to lead God's people and as the only one who "stands up", identifying the two as the same spirit being. Because they identify Michael with Jesus, he is therefore considered the first and greatest of all God's heavenly sons, God's chief messenger, who takes the lead in vindicating God's sovereignty, sanctifying his name, fighting the wicked forces of Satan and protecting God's covenant people on earth.[100] Jehovah's Witnesses also identify Michael with the "Angel of the Lord" who led and protected the Israelites in the wilderness.[101] Their earliest teachings stated that Archangel Michael was not to be worshipped and was distinct from Jesus.[102]
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Members of
Islam
In Islam, Michael, or Mīkāʾīl,[107] is the angel said to effectuate God's providence as well as natural phenomena, such as rain.[108] He is one of the four archangels along with Jebreel (Gabriel, whom he is often paired with), ʾIsrāfīl (trumpeter angel) and ʿAzrāʾīl (angel of death).[109]
Michael in Islam is tasked with providing nourishment for bodies and souls and is also responsible for universal or environmental events, and is often depicted as the archangel of mercy. He is said to be friendly, asking God for mercy toward humans and is, according to Muslim legends, one of the first to obey God's orders to bow before Adam.[110][108] He is also responsible for the rewards doled out to good persons in this life. From the tears of Michael, angels are created as his helpers.[111]
Consensus of Islamic scholars and clerics has enclosed various hadiths as interpretation material for the verse of
In a
In
O Allah! Bestow your blessing on Michael-angel of Your mercy and created for kindness and seeker of pardon for and supporter of the obedient people.
In the creation narrative of
Baha'i Faith
The archangel Michael seems to have never been mentioned publicly by
Gnosticism
In the Secret Book of John, a second-century text found in the Nag Hammadi codices of Gnosticism, Michael is placed in control of the demons who help Yaldabaoth create Adam, along with six others named Uriel, Asmenedas, Saphasatoel, Aarmouriam, Richram, and Amiorps.[131] According to Origen of Alexandria in his work Against Celsus, Michael was represented as a lion on the Ophite Diagram.[132]
Feasts
In the
In the
In the calendar of the Church of England diocese of Truro, 8 May is the feast of St. Michael, Protector of Cornwall. The archangel Michael is one of the three patron saints of Cornwall.[136] The feast of the Appearing of S. Michael the Archangel is observed by Anglo-Catholics on 8 May.[137] From medieval times until 1960 it was also observed on that day in the Roman Catholic Church; the feast commemorates the archangel's apparition on Mount Gargano in Italy.[138]
In the Coptic Orthodox Church, the main feast day in 12 Hathor and 12 Paoni, and he is celebrated liturgically on the 12th of each Coptic month.
Apparition of Saint Michael in 492 on Mount Gargano is commemorated on 8 May[140] and Dedication of Saint Michael the Archangel is commemorated on 29 September (Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate).[141]
On 7 April Oriental Orthodox Church commemorates deliverance prophet Jeremiah from prison by Michael.[143]
Patronages and orders
In late
Since the victorious Battle of Lechfeld against the Hungarians in 955, Michael was the patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire and still is the patron saint of modern Germany and other German-speaking regions formerly covered by the realm.
In mid- to late fifteenth century, France was one of only four courts in
Prior to 1878, the Scapular of St. Michael the Archangel could be worn as part of a Roman Catholic Archconfraternity. Presently, enrollment is authorized as this holy scapular remains as one of the 18 approved by the Church.
Apart from his being a patron of warriors, the sick and the suffering also consider Archangel Michael their patron saint.
Similarly, the Sanctuary of St. Michel (San Migel Aralarkoa), the oldest Christian building in Navarre (Spain), lies at the top of a hill on the
He has been the patron saint of Brussels since the Middle Ages.[150] The city of Arkhangelsk in Russia is named for the Archangel. Ukraine and its capital Kyiv also consider Michael their patron saint and protector.[151]
In Linlithgow, Scotland, St. Michael has been the patron saint of the town since the thirteenth century, with St. Michael's Parish Church being originally constructed in 1134. Since the fourteenth century, Saint Michael has been the patron saint of Dumfries in Scotland, where a church dedicated to him was built at the southern end of the town, on a mound overlooking the River Nith.[152]
An
The city of Arkhangelsk, Russia, and the federal subject Arkhangelsk Oblast are named after Michael, the Archangel.
In the United States military Saint Michael is considered to be a patron of paratroopers and, in particular, the 82nd Airborne Division.[155] One of the first battles where the unit first was combat christened is the Battle of Saint-Mihiel during World War I.
The beret insignia of the French paratroopers is a winged arm grasping a dagger, representing Saint Michael.[156] Saint Michael is the patronus of Italian special forces 9° Reggimento "Col Moschin" and the Italian state police. Saint Michael (
Legends
Judaism
There is a legend which seems to be of Jewish origin, and which was adopted by the
According to Legends of the Jews, archangel Michael was the chief of a band of angels who questioned God's decision to create man on Earth. The entire band of angels, except for Michael, was then consumed by fire.[163]
Christianity
There is a late-fifth-century legend in Cornwall, England, that the Archangel appeared to fishermen on St Michael's Mount.[168] According to author Richard Freeman Johnson, this legend is likely a nationalistic twist to a myth.[168] Cornish legends also hold that the mount itself was constructed by giants[169] and that King Arthur battled a giant there.[170]
The legend of the apparition of the Archangel at around AD 490 at a secluded hilltop cave on
According to Roman legends, Archangel Michael appeared with a sword over the
According to
A
From 1961 to 1965, four young schoolgirls had reported several apparitions of the Archangel Michael in the small village of
In literature, music, and art
Literature
In the 1667 English
In
Music
Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Praelium Michaelis Archangeli factum in coelo cum dracone, H.410, oratorio for soloists, double chorus, strings and continuo (1683).[citation needed]
Artistic depictions
In Christian art, Archangel Michael may be depicted alone or with other angels such as Gabriel. Some depictions with Gabriel date back to the eighth century, e.g. the stone casket at Notre Dame de Mortain church in France.[179]
The widely reproduced image of
In many depictions, Michael is represented as an angelic warrior, fully armed with helmet, sword, and shield.
Constantine felt that Licinius was an agent of Satan and associated him with the serpent described in the
In less common depiction, Michael holds a pair of scales, weighs the souls of the departed and holds the
In
-
Archangel Michael on a 9th-century Makurian mural
-
Andrei Rublev's standalone depiction c. 1408
-
Weighing souls on Judgement Day by Hans Memling, 15th century
-
Michael defeating the fallen angels, by Luca Giordano c. 1660–1665
-
Bronze statue of the Archangel Michael, standing on top of the Castel Sant'Angelo, modelled in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt.
-
Michael's icon on the northern deacons' door on theiconostasis of Hajdúdorog. The archangel is often depicted on iconostases' doors as a defender of the sanctuary.
-
Archangel Michael by Emily Young in the grounds of St Pancras New Church. Plaque inscription: "In memory of the victims of the 7th July 2005 bombings and all victims of violence. 'I will lift up my eyes unto the hills'"
-
St. Michael the Archangel and the Dragon. Queen of Archangels Roman Catholic Parish, Clarence, Pennsylvania
-
St Michael's Victory over the Devil, a 1958 sculpture by Jacob Epstein on the wall of the new Coventry Cathedral, England
Churches dedicated to Saint Michael
- St. Michael's Church (disambiguation)
- Parroquia de San Miguel Arcángel (es), San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato Mexico World Heritage Site
- Sacra di San Michele (Saint Michael's Abbey), near Turin, Italy
- Pfarrei Brixen St. Michael with the White Tower, Brixen, Italy
- Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, in Brussels, Belgium
- Mont Saint-Michel, Normandy, France – a World Heritage Site
- St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica (Toronto), Canada
- St. Michael's Cathedral (Izhevsk), Russia
- St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao, China
- Moscow Kremlin
- Cathedral of the Archangel in the Moscow Kremlin – a World Heritage Site
- Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo, Gargano, Italy – a World Heritage Site
- St Michael's Mount, Cornwall, UK
- St. Michael, Minnesota
- St. Michael's Basilica, Miramichi, Canada
- Skellig Michael, off the Irish west coast – a World Heritage Site
- St Michael's Cathedral, Coventry, UK
- St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, Kyiv, Ukraine
- St. Michael's Church, Vienna in Vienna, Austria
- Tayabas, Quezon, Philippines
- St. Michael's Church, Berlin, Germany
- San Miguel Church (Manila), Philippines
- Jesuit church, Munich, Germany
- St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade in Belgrade, Serbia
- Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Gamu, Isabela, Philippines
- Mission San Miguel Arcángel, San Miguel, California, United States, one of the California Missions
- St Michael at the North Gate, Oxford, UK
- Roman Catholic church, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- St. Michael's Church, Mumbai, India
- Church of St. Michael, Štip, Republic of Macedonia
- St Michael and All Angels Church, Polwatte
- St Michael's Church, Churchill, UK
- St Michael the Archangel, Llanyblodwel, England
See also
Notes
- Arabic: ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل, romanized: Mīkāʾīl, Mīkāl, Mīkhāʾīl)
- ^ found in Mustadrak al Sahihayn.[115] The complete narration from Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri were:... Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yaqoub has reported from Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al-Saadi, who told us Muhammad bin Khalid bin Uthma, told us Musa bin Yaqoub, told me Abu Al-Huwairith, that Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut’im told him, that he heard Ali – may God be pleased with him – addresses the people, and he said: While I was leaving from the well of Badr, a strong wind came, the like of which I had never seen, then it left, then came a strong wind, the like of which I have never seen except for the one before it, then it went, then came a strong wind that I did not see before. I have never seen anything like it except for the one before it, and the first wind was Gabriel descended among a thousand angels with the Messenger of God – may God bless him and grant him peace – and the second wind was Michael who descended among a thousand angels to the right of the Messenger of God – may God bless him and his family and grant them peace – and Abu Bakr was On his right, and the third wind was Israfil. He descended with a thousand angels on the side of the Messenger of God – may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family – and I was on the right side. When God Almighty defeated his enemies, the Messenger of God – may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family – carried me on his horse, I blew up, and I fell On my heels, I prayed to God Almighty... Ibn al Mulqin , Hadith scholar from Córdoba of 13-14 AD century, evaluate this hadith tha he found weaknesses in Musa ibn Yaqoub and Abu al Huwairith chain, so he deemed there is weakness about this hadith.[116] More recent scholarship from Ali Hasan al-Halabi notes another hadith which supports the participation of Raphael in Badr[114]
- Munkar and should not be trusted.[119]
- ^ According to one Hadith, Muhammad were told that the angels that appeared in the battle of Badr were highest in status and the "best of angels" according to Gabriel.[120]
References
Citations
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- ^ Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints. 12 vols. B. Dornin, 1821; p. 117
- ^ "Benedict XVI joins Pope Francis in consecrating Vatican to St Michael Archangel". news.va. Archived from the original on 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
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- ^ Kock, Claudia (8 December 2021). "Heiliger Erzengel Michael: Schutzpatron Deutschlands". die-tagespost.de.
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- ^ a b Asale 2020, p. 55.
- ^ a b Hannah 2011, p. 33-54.
- ^ a b c Hannah 2011, p. 33.
- ^ a b Barnes 1993, p. 54.
- ^ Hannah 2011, p. 54.
- ^ Revelation 12:7–12
- ^ a b Bromiley 1971, p. 156-157.
- ^ Hannah 2011, p. 46.
- ^ Collins 1999, p. 339.
- ^ Collins 1984, pp. 34–36.
- ^ Hill 2008, p. 176.
- ^ Fahlbusch 1999, p. 674.
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- ^ Noegel & Wheeler 2002, p. 218.
- ^ a b Capmak 2017, p. 1042.
- ^ Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer xxvi
- ^ "Jewish Encyclopedia – Michael". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ Yer. Ber. ix. 13a
- ^ Baruch Apoc. Ethiopic, ix. 5
- ^ Midrash Abkir, in Yalḳ., Gen. 110
- ^ Midrash Exodus Rabbah xviii. 5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Michael the Archangel". www.newadvent.org.
- ^ ISBN 1-84383-128-7; pp. 33–34
- ^ Monferrer-Sala, J. P. (2014). "One More Time on the Arabized Nominal Form Iblīs", Studia Orientalia Electronica, 112, 55-70. Retrieved from https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9526 Archived 2019-08-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-7661-8144-8; p. 92
- ^ a b Alban Butler, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints. 12 vols. Dublin: James Duffy, 1866; p. 320
- ^ Online, Catholic. "Holy Michael, the Archangel, Defend Us in Battle – Prayers". Catholic Online.
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- ^ "Prayer to St Michael". EWTN. Archived from the original on 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
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- ISBN 9780898697018.
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- ^ Witsius, Herman (1823). Sacred Dissertations: On what is Commonly Called the Apostles' Creed. A. Fullerton & Company; and Khull, Blackie & Company Glasgow: and sold. p. 439.
- ^ ODE, Jacobus (1755). Jacobi Ode ... Commentarius de Angelis (in Latin). apud M. Visch. p. 1058.
- ^ Vitringa, Campegius (1741). Uitlegging over het boek der profeetsyen van Jezaias, ...: In het werk zyn ingevoegt de kennisnemingen van het oude Moabitische landt, .../ Door den arbeidt en vlyt van Kampegius Vitringa ... ; Uit het Latijn vertaald en met de vereischte bladwijzers voorzien door Boudewyn ter Braak ... (in Dutch). by Jan en Hend. van der Deyster, en Abraham Kallewier. p. 562.
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- ^ Robinson, Thomas (1892). A homiletical commentary on the book of Daniel : with copious notes and indexes. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London : R.D. Dickinson. p. 227.
- ^ Hävernick, Heinrich Andreas Christoph (1832). Commentar über das Buch Daniel (in German). F. Perthes. p. 499.
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{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Millet, Robert L. (February 1998), "The Man Adam", Liahona
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 27:11
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- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 128:21
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- ^ a b Hakim, Saifuddin (2015). "Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (1)". Muslim.or.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 December 2021.
[ يا آدم بر حجك] " ما يروى عن آدم -عليه السلام- أنه لما حج قالت له الملائكة: «يا آدم بر حجك»: غير ثابت. " [من فوائد جلسة مع طلبة العلم /16/ذو الحجة/1432] __________________ " ... فهل يحسن بنا وقد أنضينا قرائحنا في تعلم هذه السنة المطهرة، وبذلنا في العمل بها جهد المستطيع، وركبنا المخاطر في الدعوة إليها؛ هل يحسن بنا بعد هذا كله أن نسكت لهؤلاء عن هذه الدعوى الباطلة، ونوليهم منا ما تولوا ونبلعهم ريقهم، وهل يحسن بنا أن لا يكون لنا في الدفاع عنها ما كان منا في الدعوة إليها؟ إنا إذن لمقصرون!..."
- ^ al-Nishapuri, al-Hakim. "Kitabu Ma'rifat Shahabatu Radhiyallahu Anhum: Gabriel, Michael and Israfil descend in the Battle of Badr.". al Mustadrak ala Sahihayn. Islamweb: Islamweb. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
4488 – Narrated Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'kub, through Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Saadi, on the authority of Muhammad bin Khalid bin Athmah, on the authority of Musa bin Yaqub, who reported Abu Huwayrith, that Muhammad bin Jabir bin Mut'im, told him
- ^ Abu Hafs Umar bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Anshari Al-Wadi Asyi Al-Andalusi At-Tukuruwi Al-Mishri Asy-Syafi`i, Sirajuddin. "كتاب مختصر تلخيص الذهبي" [kitab mukhtasar talkhis aldhahabii]. Islamweb. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
- ^ Hakim, Saifuddin (2015). "Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (2)" [Does angel Raphael tasked to blow the trumpet of Armageddon in the day of judgment? (2)]. Muslim.or.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 December 2021.
Tafsir Al-Qurthubi, 7/20 (Maktabah Syamilah); At-Tadzkirah bi Ahwaalil Mauta wa Umuuril Akhirah, 1/488 (Maktabah Syamilah).; Fathul Baari 11/368 (Maktabah Syamilah); see Al-Imaan bimaa Ba'dal Maut, p. 112. ; Syarh Al-Ibanah: Al-Imaan bin Nafkhi Ash-Shuur, 5/33.; Syarh Al-'Aqidah Al-Washithiyyah, 1/59-60 (Maktabah Asy-Syamilah). while in another book: وذلك أن الله سبحانه وتعالى يأمر اسرافيل وهو أحد الملائكة الموكلين بحمل العرش أن ينفخ في الصور (Syarh Al-'Aqidah As-Safariyaniyyah, 1/467).
- ^ ISBN 9789795929512. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
Quoting Ibnul Mubarak from a book of az-Zuhd; ad Durr al-Manshur, chain narration from Ibnul Mubarak to Ibn SHihab (1/92)
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Sources
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- Bromiley, Geoffrey William · (1971). "Satan". Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Vol. 7. Alban Books. ISBN 9780802822499.
- Butler, Alban (1821). The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints. in twelve volumes. B. Dornin.
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- Green, Gene (2008). Jude and 2 Peter. Baker. ISBN 9780801026720.
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Further reading
- Esler, Philip Francis (2017). God's Court and Courtiers in the Book of the Watchers. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 9781625649089.
- Grabbe, Lester (2003). "Tobit". In Dunn, James D. G. (ed.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
External links
- Media related to Archangel Michael at Wikimedia Commons
- Quotations related to Michael (archangel) at Wikiquote