Thor (Marvel Comics)
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Thor Odinson is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by artist Jack Kirby, writer Stan Lee, and scripter Larry Lieber, the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery #83 (1962) and first received his own title with Thor #126 (1966). Thor is an adaptation of the deity of the same name from Norse mythology, and many aspects of Thor's character are based on Norse myth. Comic books featuring Thor have been published across several volumes since the character's introduction.
Thor is one of the gods of Asgard and the son of the Asgardian king Odin. In addition to his Asgardian strength and extended lifespan, Thor wields control over the weather, including rain and lightning. He also carries the enchanted hammer Mjolnir that enhances his abilities and grants him the ability to fly. Thor was first introduced as the alter ego of surgeon Donald Blake who acquired Thor's power, but this was later revealed to be a fabrication by Thor's father. Thor has since assumed other human identities and at times ruled as king of Asgard.
Thor's cast of supporting characters includes his fellow Asgardians Odin,
Publication history
Creation and premiere
Thor was created by
[H]ow do you make someone stronger than the strongest person? It finally came to me: Don't make him human — make him a god. I decided readers were already pretty familiar with the Greek and Roman gods. It might be fun to delve into the old Norse legends... Besides, I pictured Norse gods looking like Vikings of old, with the flowing beards, horned helmets, and battle clubs. ...Journey into Mystery needed a shot in the arm, so I picked Thor ... to headline the book. After writing an outline depicting the story and the characters I had in mind, I asked my brother, Larry, to write the script because I didn't have time. ...and it was only natural for me to assign the penciling to Jack Kirby...[11]
The idea for adapting Thor as a superhero was first developed when Lee and Kirby heard of Marvel being discussed as "twentieth-century mythology".
1960s
Shortly after Thor premiered, Lieber moved on to other projects, and Thor was given to other writers.[15] Various artists worked on Thor in his first issues, including Don Heck and Joe Sinnott.[16] Lee soon took over writing duties for several Marvel superhero titles, as the writers did not meet his expectations,[15] and he became the writer for Thor beginning in Journey into Mystery #97 (1963). Kirby became the artist shortly afterward, beginning in Journey into Mystery #101 (1964).[17]
When Marvel's distributor allowed them more monthly releases, The Avengers was developed as a new comic book series.[18] Thor was included as an inaugural member of the titular superhero team.[19] By 1965, the difficulty of maintaining continuity between The Avengers and the titles of the individual characters prompted Lee to write the original cast out of The Avengers, including Thor.[20]
Lee created a second series that centered on Norse mythology, "Tales of Asgard".[21] First appearing in Journey into Mystery #97 (1963), this series focused on Thor's mythological adventures and greatly expanded his roster of supporting characters.[16] Journey into Mystery was eventually renamed to Thor, beginning with Thor #126 (1966).[22] This marked a significant shift in Thor's characterization: the primary setting was moved from Earth to Asgard, Thor's love interest Jane Foster was written out of the story in favor of Sif, and Hercules became a major character.[23] "Tales of Asgard" continued until Thor #145 (1967).[24] The character's backstory was changed in Thor #159 (1968), when it was revealed that Thor was the actual mythological Thor rather than a mortal who obtained Thor's power and that his secret identity of Donald Blake was a fabrication created by Odin.[25] As Kirby's work on Thor came to an end, the setting shifted back to Earth and Jane Foster was reintroduced.[23]
1970s–1990s
Kirby stayed on as Thor's artist until Thor #179 (1970).[26] Lee eventually ceded control of the titles he worked on to other writers, and Thor was given to Gerry Conway, who at the time was a teenager. John and Sal Buscema were the artists for this run.[27] After Conway gave up the series, editor Len Wein took over as its writer.[28] After returning to the Avengers, Thor was again removed in Avengers #151 (1976) because writer Steve Englehart believed that Thor was too powerful for the group. Fan backlash ensued, and the subsequent writer, Jim Shooter, returned him to the team in Avengers #159 (1977).[29]
In the mid-1970s, Marvel considered giving the character a second series as part of parent company
During the
21st century
The subsequent period of Marvel's history reflected the political turmoil that followed the
Thor volume two ended with a tie in to the Avengers Disassembled storyline that saw major changes to Marvel's main characters. Issues #80–85 (2004) follow the events of Ragnarök as the story's primary setting, Asgard, is destroyed. This story arc was written Michael Avon Oeming and drawn by Andrea Di Vito.[35][36] A third volume of Thor began publication in 2007, written by J. Michael Straczynski and drawn by Olivier Coipel.[44] This volume began by addressing the ramifications of Avengers Disassembled and slowly reintroducing Thor's supporting characters.[35][36] Thor was then a central character in the Siege event in 2010, which featured Marvel's cast of superheroes defending Asgard from Norman Osborn.[45]
To coincide with the Thor film, Marvel launched a number of new series starring the character in mid-2010. These included Thor: The Mighty Avenger by Roger Langridge and Chris Samnee,[46] Thor: First Thunder by Bryan J. L. Glass and Tan Eng Huat,[47] Thor: For Asgard by Robert Rodi and Simone Bianchi,[48] and Iron Man/Thor by the writing duo of Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning.[49] The limited series Thor: The Mighty Avenger was published across eight issues from 2010 to 2011, following Thor in his earlier years as a less serious, family friendly interpretation of the character. This series was written by Roger Langridge and drawn by Chris Samnee, and was met with critical praise.[34][35][36][37]
The next Thor series, Thor: God of Thunder, began publication in 2012 during the
A new volume of Thor began publication in 2020, written by Donny Cates and drawn by Nic Klein, which follows Thor as the ruler of Asgard.[53] The next series, The Immortal Thor, premiered in 2023.[54]
Characterization
Fictional character biography
Thor was born to
Deeming him too arrogant, Odin banishes Thor to modern day Earth with no memory of his Asgardian origins, giving him the identity of Dr. Don Blake.[12] As Blake, Thor visits Scandinavia where he stumbles upon a walking stick, which he discovers can turn into Mjolnir and give him the powers of Thor.[9] In a plot to defeat Thor, Loki provokes the Hulk into attacking a train. While Loki is successful in luring Thor out, he is accompanied by Iron Man, Ant-Man, and Wasp. After defeating Loki, the heroes come together as a superhero team, forming the Avengers.[19] Odin eventually restores Thor as an Asgardian, revealing that Blake was a persona that he had invented for Thor.[25][57] When Thor is defeated by Beta Ray Bill, he loses his ability to turn into Blake.[57]
Odin later binds Thor to the mortal Eric Masterson to save Masteron's life.[57] When Onslaught attacks, Thor is one of the heroes who is transported to an alternate dimension by Franklin Richards, but they are soon returned.[58] Thor is again bound to a mortal, this time to Jake Olson, but this connection too is severed.[59] When Odin seemingly dies, Thor becomes the king of Asgard.[60] To cure humanity's ills, he relocates Asgard above Earth and takes control of human affairs to give them clean energy, healthcare, and economic prosperity. The extent of the entanglement and the resulting loss of liberties cause strife within Asgard and resentment from humanity. This leads to military conflict that destroys Asgard and New York City.[61] Such is Thor's hubris that he finds himself unable to lift Mjolnir. He remains steadfast, consolidating his power over Earth for many years before he remorsefully goes back in time to prevent himself from seizing power over Earth.[59]
As
Odin's brother Serpent returns and wages war on Earth. Though a prophecy warns that Thor will die by Serpent's hand, he fights and defeats Serpent, sacrificing his own life.[66] Kid Loki seeks out Blake to resurrect Thor.[67] Thor then faces Gorr the God Butcher and teams with a younger and an older version of himself to defeat Gorr. Gorr's condemnation of the gods shakes Thor's confidence, and he finds himself unable to lift Mjolnir.[68] The hammer is taken by Thor's ally Jane Foster, who temporarily becomes the new Thor before inspiring his confidence and returning the role to him.[67] When Malekith the Accursed wages The War of the Realms, Thor sacrifices his eye in exchange for the wisdom to defeat him, and Thor then reunites with his past and future selves as well as Foster's Thor to win the battle.[69] When Galactus arrives to warn of the Black Winter, he imbues Thor with the Power Cosmic and enlists him as a herald, only for Thor to use the power to kill him.[70]
Powers, abilities, and equipment
Thor is one of the gods of Asgard, granting him exceptional strength, durability, and endurance. Though not fully immortal, Asgardians have immense lifespans and are immune to disease.[71] Among the Asgardians, Thor is one of the most powerful.[57] He possesses superhuman strength, and centuries of combat have trained him as a proficient warrior.[57][72] Thor is also educated in medicine from his experience as Blake, who was a surgeon.[57]
Thor wields an enchanted hammer, Mjolnir, which is crafted from the fictional metal uru, making it nearly indestructible. Wielding it grants him control over wind, rain, thunder, and lightning, amplifying his natural control over the weather.[57] He can use the hammer to fly by throwing it into the air and grabbing the leather strap to pull himself off the ground. The hammer also allows Thor to travel between dimensions, moving him between Earth and Asgard.[72] Mjolnir is enchanted so that it may only be lifted by those who are worthy.[73] Another enchantment causes it to always return to its wielder when thrown. It previously gave Thor the ability to travel through time, but it has since lost this power.[57] When Thor transforms into a human, Mjolnir takes the guise of a walking stick that he can use to transform back into Thor.[12] During these times, being separated from the hammer for sixty seconds reverts him back to his human form.[57]
Besides his hammer, Thor possesses a magic belt that doubles his strength, but it drains him of energy and he uses it only sparingly. He also owns a set of uru armor and a pair of iron gauntlets. When traveling with passengers or cargo as a consideration, Thor uses a chariot pulled by his two magic goats,
Personality and themes
As with many Marvel superheroes, Thor was created as a flawed character.[74] He is conflicted between his sense of moral purity and his pride, and his father Odin seeks to teach him humility.[59] For his arrogance, he was forced by Odin to live as a mortal,[74][59] and Thor's experience with humanity provides his character growth.[75]
When Thor was first created, he was an exception to Marvel's real world approach to storytelling, emphasizing the fantastical over current events and modern social issues.[76] As he became more connected to the Marvel Universe, social commentary became more common.[12] Thor was also one of several Marvel characters who underwent physical transformation to explore different aspects of his character, transforming between the mortal Don Blake and the immortal Thor.[77]
Thor finds himself split between Asgard and Earth, having an established life and loyalty to both.[6][78] Though he is an Asgardian, he was born to Gaea, the Earth goddess, and he is imbued with an intrinsic connection to Earth.[63][57] While he is bound to Dr. Blake, Thor holds significant responsibilities in both realms, and he is often forced to choose between his role as a prince and as a surgeon.[17] Writers have intentionally sought to balance Earth-centric and Asgard-centric stories to keep the character interesting.[17][73]
Thor has a distinct manner of speech, inspired by the
Supporting characters
Thor's supporting cast includes the gods of Asgard: his father is the Asgardian king Odin,
Thor's nemesis is his half-brother
Other characters have taken the title of Thor, including Jane Foster, Beta Ray Bill, Eric Masterson,
Reception and legacy
According to Martin Arnold, Thor's existence as a comic book superhero has moved the ideas of Norse mythology from
Kirby had intended to replace Thor and his cast of characters with a new pantheon of deities; this idea was nixed by Lee, but it eventually became the New Gods and Fourth World stories that Kirby created for DC Comics.[93] Thor influenced the comic book Black Hammer, which features various elements that serve as homages to the character.[94]
In other media
Thor was first adapted in
A live action adaptation of Thor appears in
Chris Hemsworth portrays an adaptation of Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Doctor Strange (2016), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).[100] This version of Thor is portrayed as a member of a technologically advanced alien race, placing less emphasis on the character's fantasy origins.[101] Hemsworth also portrayed Thor in the animated series What If...? and in the Team Thor short films.[102][103]
Thor is featured in two video games: Thor: God of Thunder and Thor: Son of Asgard. He also appears in several other video games that feature rosters of Marvel characters.[104]
Collected editions
Notes
- ^ Thor vol. 6 #1
- ^ Thor vol. 6 #6
- ^ Thor: God of Thunder Vol 1 #23
- ^ a b Mills 2013, p. 179.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 41.
- ^ a b c Dalton 2011, p. 115.
- ^ Horton & Gray 2022, p. 99.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 43.
- ^ a b Howe 2012, p. 40.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 88.
- ^ Lee & Mair 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Arnold 2011.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 39.
- ^ Middleton 2002, p. 13.
- ^ a b Howe 2012, p. 45.
- ^ a b Peñalosa 1997, p. 4.
- ^ a b c d Dalton 2011, p. 116.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 94.
- ^ a b Friedenthal 2021, pp. 30–31.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 56.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 95.
- ^ Peñalosa 1997, p. 5.
- ^ a b Morrow 2002, p. 2.
- ^ Peñalosa 1997, p. 6.
- ^ a b Horton & Gray 2022, p. 90.
- ^ Peñalosa 1997, p. 7.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 114–115.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 167.
- ^ Sacks 2014, p. 35.
- ^ Cronin 2013.
- ^ Borenstein 2023, p. 97.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 257.
- ^ Howe 2012, pp. 265–266.
- ^ a b Harn 2020b.
- ^ a b c d Esposito 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Ginocchio 2014.
- ^ a b c Lydon 2022.
- ^ Costello 2009, p. 179.
- ^ Costello 2009, p. 201.
- ^ Friedenthal 2021, p. 68.
- ^ McLauchlin 1998, p. 51.
- ^ Costello 2009, p. 200, 223.
- ^ O'Rourke 2014, p. 121.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 337.
- ^ Gaber 2021.
- ^ Mahadeo 2010a.
- ^ Mahadeo 2010b.
- ^ Richards 2010a.
- ^ Richards 2010b.
- ^ Friedenthal 2021, p. 90.
- ^ Whitbrook 2016.
- ^ Schedeen 2018.
- ^ Schedeen 2020.
- ^ Schreur 2023.
- ^ Fentiman 2019, p. 151.
- ^ a b c Fentiman 2019, p. 376.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Youngquist & Grünwald 2006.
- ^ Friedenthal 2021, p. 67.
- ^ a b c d Costello 2009, p. 224.
- ^ Costello 2009, p. 200.
- ^ Costello 2009, pp. 223–224.
- ^ a b c Fentiman 2019, p. 377.
- ^ a b Hill 2020.
- ^ Costello 2009, p. 237.
- ^ Fentiman 2019, p. 378.
- ^ Fentiman 2019, pp. 378–379.
- ^ a b Fentiman 2019, p. 379.
- ^ Yang 2020.
- ^ Dyce 2019.
- ^ Stone 2020.
- ^ Fentiman 2019, p. 150.
- ^ a b McLauchlin 1998, p. 52.
- ^ a b c McLauchlin 1998, p. 54.
- ^ a b Mills 2013, p. 108.
- ^ Borenstein 2023, p. 53.
- ^ Friedenthal 2021, p. 8.
- ^ Borenstein 2023, p. 22.
- ^ a b Wright 2001, p. 213.
- ^ Gibbard 2014, p. 46, 48.
- ^ Dalton 2011, p. 118.
- ^ a b Howe 2012, p. 71.
- ^ Fentiman 2019, p. 402.
- ^ Magnett 2017.
- ^ Atchison 2021.
- ^ Wooldridge 2022.
- ^ Harn 2020a.
- ^ Harn 2021.
- ^ Mitchell 2023, pp. 1–2.
- ^ IGN 2012.
- ^ Bricken 2015.
- ^ Perpetua & Kibblesmith 2015.
- ^ Marston 2022.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 118.
- ^ Horton & Gray 2022, p. 107.
- ^ Gilbert 2008, p. 26.
- ^ Hernandez 2022.
- ^ Blumberg 2016, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Howe 2012, p. 244.
- ^ Goldsmith 2006.
- ^ Nebens 2023.
- ^ Blumberg 2016, p. 122.
- ^ Bucksbaum 2021.
- ^ Chin 2022.
- ^ Lawlor 2021.
References
Books
- Arnold, Martin (2011). "Thor in America: From Longfellow to Lee". Thor: Myth to Marvel. ISBN 978-1-4411-0857-9.
- Blumberg, Arnold T. (2016). "The Death of the First Marvel Television Universe". In McEniry, Matthew J.; Peaslee, Robert Moses; Weiner, Robert G. (eds.). Marvel Comics into Film: Essays on Adaptations Since the 1940s. ISBN 978-0-7864-4304-8.
- Borenstein, Eliot (2023). Marvel Comics in the 1970s: The World inside Your Head. ISBN 978-1-5017-6783-8.
- Costello, Matthew J. (2009). Secret Identity Crisis: Comic Books and the Unmasking of Cold War America. ISBN 978-1-4411-0859-3.
- Dalton, Russell W. (2011). Marvelous Myths: Marvel Superheroes and Everyday Faith. ISBN 978-0-8272-2360-8.
- Darowski, Joseph J. (2014). The Ages of the Avengers: Essays on the Earth's Mightiest Heroes in Changing Times. ISBN 978-0-7864-7458-5.
- Gibbard, Nathan. "Madonna's Birth and God's Death". In Darowski (2014).
- O'Rourke, Morgan B. "The Ultimates as Superheroes in the Age of Social Media and Celebrity". In Darowski (2014).
- Sacks, Jason. "Earth's Mightiest (Dysfunctional) Family". In Darowski (2014).
- Fentiman, David, ed. (2019). Marvel Encyclopedia (New ed.). ISBN 978-1-4654-7890-0.
- Friedenthal, Andrew J. (2021). The World of Marvel Comics. ISBN 978-1-000-43111-7.
- Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). Marvel Chronicle: A Year By Year History. ISBN 978-0-7566-4123-8.
- Hill, James (2020). "The Asgardians: Death and Rebirth". Marvel Myths and Legends: The Epic Origins of Thor, the Eternals, Black Panther, and the Marvel Universe. ISBN 978-0-241-43780-3.
- Horton, Ian; Gray, Maggie (2022). Art History for Comics: Past, Present and Potential Futures. ISBN 978-3-031-07353-3.
- Howe, Sean (2012). Marvel Comics: The Untold Story. ISBN 978-0-06-221811-7.
- Lee, Stan; Mair, George (2002). Excelsior!: The Amazing Life of Stan Lee. ISBN 978-0684873053.
- Mills, Anthony (2013). American Theology, Superhero Comics, and Cinema: The Marvel of Stan Lee and the Revolution of a Genre. ISBN 978-1-135-01437-7.
- Mitchell, Stephen A. (2023). Old Norse Folklore. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501773488.
- Wright, Bradford W. (2001). Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. ISBN 978-0-8018-6514-5.
- Youngquist, Jeff; Grünwald, Jennifer, eds. (2006). "Thor". Marvel Legacy: The 1980s Handbook. Marvel Comics.
Periodicals
- McLauchlin, Jim (April 1998). "Rolling Thunder". Wizard. No. 80. pp. 50–56.
- Middleton, Brian (2002). Morrow, John (ed.). "Journey Into Unusual Tales". Jack Kirby Collector. No. 36. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 13.
- Morrow, John (2002). "Somewhere Over the Rainbow Bridge". Jack Kirby Collector. No. 36. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 2–3.
- Peñalosa, David (February 1997). Morrow, John (ed.). "The Journey Cosmic". Jack Kirby Collector. No. 14. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 4–7.
Web
- Atchison, Drew (2021-05-06). "17 Best Thor Villains From The Comics, Ranked Lamest To Coolest". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Bricken, Rob (2015-02-26). "Every Member Of The Avengers, Ranked". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
- Bucksbaum, Sydney (2021-09-21). "Meet 'Party Thor' in Marvel's 'What If...?' episode 7 first look". EW.com. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- Chin, Daniel (2022-07-06). "The Evolution of Thor, Marvel's Mainstay". The Ringer. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- Cronin, Brian (2013-07-12). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #427". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Dyce, Andrew (2019-06-26). "Thor Just Ended Marvel's Biggest War EVER - With [SPOILER]". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Esposito, Joey (2011-05-05). "The Greatest Thor Comic Books". IGN. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Gaber, Nabeel (2021-03-06). "Avengers: How Asgard's Siege Kickstarted Marvel's Heroic Age". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Ginocchio, Mark (2014-10-01). "10 Greatest Thor Stories of All Time". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Goldsmith, Jeff (2006-07-19). "Raimi well-suited for fantastic feats". Variety. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- Harn, Darby (2020-10-11). "Marvel: Every Version Of Thor, Ranked". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Harn, Darby (2020-12-07). "Thor: 10 Best Comic Book Runs Ever, Ranked". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Harn, Darby (2021-07-23). "15 Best Alternative Versions Of Thor (Including Throg)". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Hernandez, Gab (2022-05-03). "Marvel: The 10 Best Adaptations Of Thor In Movies & TV, Ranked". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- "The Top 50 Avengers". IGN. April 30, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- Lawlor, Shannon (2021-08-15). "All of Thor's Major Video Game Appearances". Game Rant. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- Lydon, Pierce (2022-07-01). "10 Best Thor stories of all time". GamesRadar. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Magnett, Chase (2017-11-09). "Top 10 Thor Villains of All Time". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Mahadeo, Kevin (2010-04-17). "C2E2: Langridge Teams with Thor". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- Mahadeo, Kevin (2010-06-11). "Bryan J.L. Glass Brings the (God of) Thunder". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- Marston, George (2022-08-11). "Best Avengers members of all time". GamesRadar. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
- Nebens, Richard (2023-08-28). "Thor Movies in Order: Every Chris Hemsworth Appearance In the MCU". The Direct. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
- Perpetua, Matthew; Kibblesmith, Daniel (30 January 2015). "84 Avengers Members Ranked From Worst To Best". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
- Richards, Dave (2010-07-09). "Bianchi Gets Epic With Thor: For Asgard". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- Richards, Dave (2010-07-23). "CCI: DnA Go High Tech & Mythic For Iron Man/Thor". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- Schedeen, Jesse (2018-06-13). "Thor: New Comic, Same Quality (Thor #1 Review)". IGN. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Schedeen, Jesse (2020-01-02). "Marvel Comics Gives Thor a Massive Upgrade for 2020". IGN. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Schreur, Brandon (2023-06-20). "EXCLUSIVE: Ewing and Cóccolo's Immortal Thor Sees a Powerful God Invade New York City". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Stone, Sam (2020-08-19). "Thor Just BUTCHERED One of Marvel's Most Powerful Gods". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Whitbrook, James (2016-07-07). "The Original God of Thunder Is Back and Ready to Prove Himself in The Unworthy Thor". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
- Wooldridge, Zachary (2022-07-02). "10 Thor Villains Who Haven't Appeared In Live Action Yet". Collider. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Yang, Paul (2020-08-05). "Thor: How Nick Fury Made the Avenger Unworthy With Three Words". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
External links
- Official website
- Thor Odinson (Earth-616) at the Marvel Database, a Marvel Comics wiki
- Larry Lieber interview in Alter Ego vol. 3, #2 (Fall 1999)