Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City
Miguel Hidalgo | ||
---|---|---|
Federal entity Mexico City | | |
Area | ||
• Total | 26.96 sq mi (69.8 km2) | |
Population (2020) | ||
• Total | 414,470 | |
• Density | 15,000/sq mi (5,900/km2) | |
Website | miguelhidalgo.cdmx.gob.mx |
Miguel Hidalgo is a
Geography
The borough is located in the northwest of the Mexico City, just west of the historic center. The borough is divided into eighty one neighborhoods called colonias. The largest of these is Bosques de las Lomas at 3.2km2, and the smallest is Popo Ampliación with only .33km2. It is bordered by the boroughs of Azcapotzalco, Cuauhtémoc, Benito Juárez, Álvaro Obregón and Cuajimalpa, and the State of Mexico to the west. It has a territory of 47.68km2 which is 3.17 percent of the total Mexico City.[3]
The borough consists of an area which used to the west bank of Lake Texcoco, with three major zones, Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya. The geography of the borough includes canyons, hills and mesas associated with the Sierra de las Cruces, most present in the southwest bordering Cuajimalpa. In the northeast, mostly defined by the Interior Circuit ringway. The most important elevation is the Cerro de Chapultepec at 2,260masl.[3] The area today is almost completely developed with green spaces mostly limited to parks. The largest green space is Chapultepec Park at 2.2 km2.[3] Parque Lineal was the former rail line of the Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca. The strip was converted into a park in 2011. Where the park crosses Lago Constanza Street in Colonia Anáhuac, there are often cultural events held.[4] One of the newest parks in the borough is located on Lago Caneguin in Colonia Argentina, created over a former roadway called Ruta 100. The unnamed park has 10,000 meters of surface area, kiosk, gymnasium, bicycle path, multipurpose room, parking, rain water containment system and child care center. It serves about 40,000 area residents.[5] In 2008, reforestation efforts were undertaken, beginning at the Cañitas Park.[6] While there were important rivers here such as Remedios, today there are no longer any free flowing currents of water. The climate is semi moist and temperate with annual rainfall varying between 700 and 800mm. The average annual temperature is 15C with lows in the winter about 8C and highs around 19C.[3]
Certain areas of the borough have problems with the stability of the ground due to old abandoned underground mines.[7] These areas include the América, Daniel Garza, 16 de Septiembre, Daniel Garza Apliación and Observatorio neighborhoods, which are particularly affected, but the problem also is found in El Capulín, Monte Sol and Ex Hacienda de Pedregal.[8] The number of people living in these areas is estimated at over 25,000, and about 500 families living in very high risk areas.[7] Abandoned mines have also been detected in Tacubaya, Lomas Altas, Bosque de las Lomas and even under Chapultepec Park.[8]
Demographics and socioeconomics
As of 2005, the borough had 106,005 residences of which 25,308 were freestanding houses, 54,079 were apartments and the rests of other types. This total number grew to a total of 123,910. About eighty percent of homes are owned by their residents and not rented. Around 95% have basic services such as electricity and running water. While the borough contains mostly working class areas in and around Tacuba and Tacubaya, the southwest contains some of the most exclusive colonias of the borough.[3] While most of the borough is residential, the population of the borough has dropped from 650,497 in 1960 to 372,889 in 2010. It is now the twelfth most densely occupied borough of sixteen. Just over eighty eight percent identify themselves as Catholic.[3]
The borough has 112 preschools, 160 primary schools, 79 middle schools, seven vocational/technical high schools and 49 high schools. The borough has an educational program called “Faros del Saber” (Lighthouses of Knowledge), which began in 2001. There are nine installations related to the program: each dedicated to a different field, such as ecology and science and technology, and each designed to promote these fields to the youth of the borough through workshops and various events. The main library of the program is part of
Main thoroughfares include
The working population is 45.4% of the total. Overall socioeconomic marginalization of the borough is ranked very low.[3] The borough is the second most visited by tourists in Mexico City according to the Secretary of Tourism of the Federal District, receiving just under 13% of total visitors in 2006. The borough has nineteen major hotels, and five of the six best hotels in the city. Its major, upscale restaurants and entertainment centers are located in Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec. Five star hotels include the Presidente Intercontinental, the Marriott and Niko, all located on Paseo de la Reforma next to Chapultepec Park. Commercial centers include eighteen traditional markets, the upscale shopping corridor along Avenida Presidente Masarik in Polanco and various malls.[3]
Bases for unlicensed taxis and areas crowded with unregulated street vendors is a major problem, especially around Christmas time. Most street-vending occurs in the Tacuba, Tacubaya, Chapultepec, Argentinas, Lomas and Polanco neighborhoods.[10] A number of stationary public markets have problems with abandoned stalls. This is occurs in the Tacuba, Anáhuac Anexo, Anáhuac Zone and El Chorrito markets. The main reason that these markets struggle is competition from supermarkets, but the deterioration of the buildings is another factor.[11]
History
The borough is named after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, who began the Mexican War of Independence .[3] The borough was created by fusing various former municipalities such as Tacuba, Tacubaya and the Chapultepec Park area along with the neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Popotla, Las Pensil, La Argentina, America, Santa Julia and Observatorio. The center of the borough is considered to be Chapultepec Park.[12]
Until the 20th century, Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya had separate histories, all part of the Federal District of Mexico City during most of this entity's existence under various arrangements. In 1899, the Federal District was divided into the municipality of Mexico and six prefectures, one of which was Tacubaya. This arrangement was reconfirmed in 1917. In 1928, the Federal District was reorganized as a department under the direct control of the federal government. The territory was reorganized into Mexico City proper and thirteen boroughs: Guadalupe-Hidalgo,
The various political arrangements to the present day have been a result of the growth of Mexico City proper. Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya in the pre Hispanic period were located on the western shore of Lake Texcoco, just west of the island where the Aztecs established Tenochtitlan. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish established their capital in Tenochtitlan, renaming it Mexico City. Constant flooding problems, almost forced the Spanish to move the capital to Tacubaya in the early 17th century; however, it was decided to drain and fill in the lake instead. This effort would extend over the colonial period and well after Independence. Drainage of the lake would create land on which Mexico City grew.[13]
At the beginning of the 20th century, the very edge of Mexico City has reached the villages of Tacuba and Tacubaya. During the first third of this century, the country estates, farmland and ranches between Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mexico City proper were turned into subdivisions for housing, with roads and other paved areas taking over empty fields. From the 1930s, population growth and development increased with the establishment of industrial and commercial areas. In the 1940s, the Polanco area between Chapultepec and Santa Julia was developed. Various public and private enterprises were installed along the avenues of Ejército Nacional and Marina Nacional. The Secretary of Defense made its home at Lomas de Sotelo. On the far west of the borough large cemeteries such as Panteón Francés, General Sancturum, Panteón Inglés and Panteón Español were opened.[12] One reason for the westward expansion was that wealthy families were abandoning the historic center of Mexico City for newer areas. This began with areas such as Colonia Roma and Condesa, but later they would move to Polanco. This movement west still continues into the Lomas area.[13]
Chapultepec
The center of the borough is Chapultepec Park. Chapultepec Park, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) in Mexico, is the largest city park in Latin America, measuring in total just over 686 hectares.[14][15][16]
The area has been considered special since long in the pre Hispanic period when it was a ceremonial site and later a retreat for Aztec emperors. There is also evidence of settlements here by the
The two most important museums are the
The Castle of Chapultepec is on Chapultepec Hill on which the park is historically centered. Construction of this castle was begun in the 1780s and includes towers and
Other features of the park include the Chapultepec Zoo, two artificial lakes with a lake house (Casa del Lago) and various pre Hispanic ruins including the remains of the Baths of Moctezuma, which was used until the 19th century when the area's springs dried up.[20]
Neighborhoods
Neighborhoods (
Tacuba
During the
The last ruler of Tacuba was Tetlepanquetzal, who was tortured by Cortés, who suspected that he was hiding treasure. Over the pre Hispanic ceremonial site, the
In the first third of the 20th century, three important schools were established in Tacuba. The Colegio Militar was moved to Popotla in 1913, closed during the
Since the mid 20th century, Tacuba proper has declined with problems such as crime and sanitation issues. Tacuba has major problems with uncontrolled street vending and public transportation, prostitution and other crime. Rehabilitation of Tacuba is under a program designated RENACE (rebirth) .[21]
The church and former monastery of San Gabriel is located next to the
The Monastery of San Joaquín was founded in 1689 by the Carmelites and conserves its original architecture. It was an important school for young priests.[2][3]
The Tacuba area is home to a neighborhood called Popotla. Here are the remains of a
Tacubaya
In the Aztec period, Tacubaya was called Atlacuihuayan, “place where the river twists” in Nahuatl and only a way station for travelers.
The historic center of Tacubaya still has some of its country mansions from the 19th and early 20th centuries and earlier,[3] such as the Casa de la Bola (House of the Ball) which belonged to the Count De la Cortina until 1783.[1] Only the cloister of the original former monastery of Santo Domingo still exists, and its church is dedicated to Our Lady of the Purification whose main feast day is Candelaria (Candlemas), giving it the alternate name of the Parish of Candlemas.[1] Outside of the historic center, there are several landmarks. Edificio Ermita is one of the first skyscrapers in Mexico City, constructed in 1930 in Art Deco style by architect Juan Segura. The Luis Barragán House and Studio was the home of one of the country's most renowned architects, built in the early 20th century.[1]
Much of Tacubaya is now working class. One major transportation problem is the overcrowding of unregulated vendors, especially around the Tacubaya Metro station.[22]
Economy
Interjet has its headquarters in Lomas de Chapultepec.[23] Google Mexico also has its headquarters in Lomas.[24]
Wamos Air has its Mexico City office in Polanco.[25]
Diplomatic missions
Most of the diplomatic missions in Mexico City are located in Miguel Hidalgo, mainly in the Lomas de Chapultepec and Polanco area.[26]
Embassies
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Belize
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Chile
- Cyprus
- Cuba
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Hungary
- India
- Indonesia
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Ivory Coast
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Lebanon
- Malaysia
- Morocco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- North Korea
- Norway
- Panama
- Pakistan
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Portugal
- Romania
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Saudi Arabia
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
Other diplomatic offices
- European Commission Delegation
- Special Palestinian Delegation
- Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico, the de facto mission of the Republic of China on Taiwan.[27]
Education
Public high schools of the
- Escuela Preparatoria Miguel Hidalgo "Carmen Serdán" (Argentina Antigua)
International schools in Miguel Hidalgo include:
- Lycée Franco-Mexicain (Liceo Franco Mexicano) in Polanco[29]
- The Plantel Lomas Kindergarten Prado Norte facility of the Campus Poniente/Campus West (formerly Campus La Herradura) of the Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt is located in Lomas de Chapultepec.[30]
- The Lomas campus of Peterson Schools is in Lomas de Chapultepec[31]
- Two campuses of the Westhill Institute in Lomas[32]
- The Wingate School Virreyes campus in Lomas (opening 2016)[33]
Other private schools:
- Colegio Ciudad de México Plantel Polanco[34]
- The toddler center campus and the preschool campus of the Eton School in Lomas.[35]
- Two campuses of the Escuela Sierra Nevada: one for preschool, one for elementary school[36]
References
- ^ ISSN 1870-9400.
- ^ ISSN 1870-9400.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Delegación de Miguel Hidalgo". Enciclopedia de Los Municipios y Delegaciones de México Distrito Federal (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. 2010. Archived from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "La delegación Miguel Hidalgo realiza actividades culturales" [Miguel Hidalgo borough to have cultural activities]. Diario Crítico (in Spanish). Mexico City. October 5, 2011. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Inaugura Sodi nuevo parque en la delegación Miguel Hidalgo" [Sodi inaugurates parquet in the Miguel Hidalgo borough] (in Spanish). Mexico. Notimex. February 12, 2011.
- ^ "Contribuye delegación Miguel Hidalgo en campaña de reforestación" [Miguel Hidalgo borough contributes to reforestation campaign] (in Spanish). Mexico. Notimex. July 5, 2008.
- ^ a b Johana Robles (July 12, 2007). "Viven 25 mil personas sobre zonas minadas en la Miguel Hidalgo: IPN" [25,000 people live over mined areas in Miguel Hidalgo:IPN]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City.
- ^ a b Juan Barrera (August 8, 2007). "En Miguel Hidalgo usarán material de desecho para rellenar las minas" [Miguel Hidalgo borough will use waste materials to fill in mines]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City.
- ^ "La delegación Miguel Hidalgo, en coordinación con el Sistema de... [Derived headline]" [Miguel Hidalgo borough in coordination with the System of …] (in Spanish). Mexico. Notimex. April 7, 2010.
- ^ "Frenarán taxis pirata y ambulantaje en la Miguel Hidalgo" [Will halt pirate taxis and street vending in Miguel Hidalgo] (in Spanish). Mexico. Notimex. November 22, 2009.
- ^ "Reactivan comercio en cuatro mercados públicos de la Miguel Hidalgo" [Will reactivate commerce in four public markets in Miguel Hidalgo] (in Spanish). Mexico. Notimex. December 27, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Etapás Históricas" [Stages of History] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Miguel Hidalgo. Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ a b Alvarez, Jose Rogelio (2000). "Mexico, Ciudad de". Enciclopedia de Mexico (in Spanish). Vol. 9. Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 5242–5260.
- ^ "Historia del Bosque de Chapultepec" [History of the Forest of Chapultepc] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Dirección del Bosque de Chapultepec. Archived from the original on November 14, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ "3ª Seccion del Bosque de Chapultepec" [Third section of the Forest of Chapultepec] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Dirección del Bosque de Chapultepec. Archived from the original on August 24, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ "Entrará el Bosque de Chapultepec en nueva etapa de rehabilitación" [Chapultepec Forest will enter a new stage of rehabilitation]. El Cronica de Hoy (in Spanish). Mexico City. June 26, 2005. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ "Chapultepec es el pulmón verde más importante, representa el 52% de áreas verdes de nuestra ciudad" [Chapultepec is the most important "green lung" representing 52% of green areas in our city]. Televisa (in Spanish). Mexico City. May 31, 2010. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ a b c Larry Rother (December 13, 1987). "Chapultepec Park: Mexico in Microcosm". New York Times. New York. p. A15.
- ISBN 978-607-400-061-0.
- ^ a b c "Sitios Históricamente Relevantes" [Stages of History] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Miguel Hidalgo. Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Robles, Johana (March 22, 2010). "Delegación Miguel Hidalgo lanza 'Renace Tacuba'" [Miguel Hidalgo borough launches "Rebirth Tacuba"]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Alberto González (November 12, 2001). "Apoya Miguel Hidalgo rescate de Tacubaya" [Miguel Hidalgo supports rescue of Tacubaya]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1.
- ^ "privacy[usurped]." Interjet. Retrieved on November 4, 2010. "If you do not want your information to be shared with any third party or not to receive any information or required to clarify or modify the information provided, you have the right to send your written instructions/request to ABC Aerolíneas, SA de CV, residing at Prado Sur 230, First Floor, Colonia Lomas de Chapultepec, CP 11000, Mexico City, D.F. or via the email address or phone number provided on this page for user contact."
- ^ "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on May 25, 2016. "Google Mexico Paseo de la Reforma #115, Piso 22 Col. Lomas de Chapultepec México D.F. 11000, México"
- ^ "Contact." Wamos Air. Retrieved on August 28, 2016. "WAMOS AIR MÉXICO - CANCÚN AND MEXICO CITY[...]Av Presidente Masaryk No. 473 Oficina 6, Col Polanco, C.P. 11530 MEXICO CITY"
- ^ "Embajadas." Embajadas - Ciudad de México. Retrieved on November 6, 2018.
- ^ "Contacto." Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico. Retrieved on July 8, 2016. "La Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en México está ubicada en: Bosque de la Reforma 758, Bosques de Las Lomas, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11700, Ciudad de México , D.F., México"
- ^ "Planteles Miguel Hidalgo." Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal. Retrieved on May 28, 2014.
- ^ Home. Lycée Franco-Mexicain. Retrieved on March 14, 2014. "polanco Homero 1521, Col. Polanco, México, D.F., C.P. 11560" and "coyoacán Calle Xico 24, Col. Oxtopulco Universidad, México, D.F. C.P. 04310" and "cuernavaca Francisco I. Madero 315, Ocotepec, Morelos, C.P. 6220"
- ^ "Ubicaciones Archived 2016-04-27 at the Wayback Machine"/"Standorte Archived 2016-04-27 at the Wayback Machine" (Campus Poniente). Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt. Retrieved on April 4, 2016. "Kindergarten – Primaria – Secundaria - Preparatoria Bosques de Moctezuma 124 Fracc. La Herradura, Huixquilucan 52784 Estado de México" and "PLANTEL LOMAS Kindergarten Prado Norte, – Corporativo Prado Norte 559 Lomas de Chapultepec 11000 México, D.F."
- ^ "Lomas Archived 2014-05-18 at the Wayback Machine." Peterson Schools. Retrieved on May 18, 2014. "Address: Monte Himalaya 615, Lomas de Chapultepec, Miguel Hidalgo, México City, C.P. 11000."
- ^ "Contact Us" (Archive). Westhill Institute. Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "Athos Monte Athos 330, Lomas de Chapultepec, Miguel Hidalgo. 11000 Mexico City." and "Carpatos Montes Carpatos no 940, Lomas de Chapultepec, Zip code: 11000 Mexico City"
- ^ "Contact Us Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine." The Wingate School. Retrieved on April 16, 2016. "The Wingate School Virreyes Monte Athos No. 130 esquina Fray Payo de Rivera Col. Lomas de Chapultepec Delegación Miguel Hidalgo CP 11000, México, D.F."
- ^ "Plantel Polanco." Colegio Ciudad de México. Retrieved on April 5, 2016. "Colegio Ciudad de México, Plantel Polanco. Campos Elíseos 130, Col. Polanco."
- Eton School. Retrieved on May 27, 2014. "1.Toddler Center Alpes 1140 Col. Lomas de Chapultepec. Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11000" and "2. Pre School Alpes 605 Col. Lomas de Chapultepec. Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11000"
- ^ "Contact Archived 2016-03-24 at the Wayback Machine." Escuela Sierra Nevada. Retrieved on April 5, 2016. "Lomas Preeschool Paseo de la Reforma 715, Lomas de Chapultepec México D.F. Miguel Hidalgo CP 11000" and "Lomas Elementary School Sierra Madre 155, Lomas de Chapultepec México, D.F. Miguel Hidalgo CP 11000 "
External links
- Alcaldía de Miguel Hidalgo website (in Spanish)