Mike Cernovich
Mike Cernovich | |
---|---|
Born | Michael Cernovich November 17, 1977 Kewanee, Illinois, U.S. |
Education | |
Movement | Manosphere |
Website | cernovich |
Michael Cernovich (born November 17, 1977) is an American right-wing social media personality, political commentator, and conspiracy theorist. Though he initially called himself alt-right, he dissociated from the movement after Richard Spencer became its public face. Cernovich describes himself as part of the new right and some have described him as part of the alt-lite.
Cernovich became a blogger in the 2000s, focusing on anti-feminist themes. He gained notice within the manosphere, and made a number of inflammatory comments about dating and sexual assault, including the claim that date rape is "liberal fiction".[1] He created a website, Danger and Play, in 2011; it was first known for his postings about men's rights and mindset techniques. In 2014, Cernovich became a prominent figure in the Gamergate harassment campaign against several women in the video game industry, and through this built a following among the alt-right. During the 2016 presidential campaign, he adapted his website to a political blog. He was an early supporter of Republican candidate Donald Trump, and promoted conspiracy theories about Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.[2] Since 2018, he has become increasingly critical of Trump, and now opposes him in the 2024 election.
Cernovich is known for his promotion of fake news, conspiracy theories, and smear campaigns. He helped spread the Pizzagate conspiracy theory, which falsely claimed that John Podesta and other high-ranking Democratic Party officials were involved in a child-sex ring.[3] Cernovich has frequently made false accusations about political opponents of being pedophiles.[1] He unearthed old tweets by Sam Seder and James Gunn joking about pedophilia, and initially succeeded in pressuring to get them fired, but both were reinstated after public outcry.
Early life
Cernovich was born on November 17, 1977, in the farming town of Kewanee, Illinois.[2] His family was poor, and his parents were both devout Christians.[4]
Cernovich graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from the
Writings and films
Blogs
In 2004, Cernovich started a legal blog entitled Crime & Federalism, where he wrote about law from a libertarian perspective.[6]
Shortly after his divorce in 2011, he created the blog Danger & Play, where he wrote about men's rights, fitness, and self-help topics.[6] The title of Danger & Play came from a quote by Friedrich Nietzsche: "The true man wants two things: danger and play. For that reason he wants woman, as the most dangerous plaything."[7]
In an October 2016 blog post, Cernovich wrote that date rape is "liberal fiction" that is "harmful ... for men and women" and leads to false rape accusations, claiming that: "Lying about being in love to sleep with someone isn't rape [...] Getting played isn't rape. Regret isn't rape. Thinking, 'I might have been date raped,' means you weren't raped." His comments received sustained criticism.[1]
Books
In 2015, Cernovich self-published Gorilla Mindset: How to Control Your Thoughts and Emotions, Improve Your Health and Fitness, Make More Money and Live Life on Your Terms, which became a bestseller in the motivational self-help category on
In 2016, Cernovich published Danger & Play: Essays on Embracing Masculinity.[8] In October 2016, he published MAGA Mindset: Making YOU and America Great Again through Castalia House, a Finnish publishing house founded by Vox Day which primarily publishes science fiction and fantasy.[8]
Films
In 2016, Cernovich was an associate producer[9] for Cassie Jaye's documentary The Red Pill, which discusses the men's rights movement, and issues like male suicide, child custody, and educational inequality.
In 2018, Cernovich produced a documentary called Hoaxed: Everything They Told You Is a Lie, with associate producers Scooter Downey and Jon Du Toit. The Hollywood Reporter described it as "a right-wing take on corporate malfeasance and media bias".[10] The movie interviewed a wide range of conservative figures, including Anthony Scaramucci, Jordan Peterson, Scott Adams, James O'Keefe, and Alex Jones.[11] Hoaxed was also made into a book of the same name. The documentary was listed on the Amazon platform before being removed without comment in 2020.[12]
Political activities
Identification with, and later disavowal of the alt-right
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Conservatism in the United States |
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Cernovich's writings turned political after Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. He became notable for his trolling; his maxims were "conflict is attention", and "attention is influence". He identified himself as alt-right, and joined forces with provocateurs like Milo Yiannopoulos.[13] Early on, the alt-right was a "big-tent" that included "any conservative or reactionary who was [...] too belligerently antiestablishment to feel at home in the Republican Party".[14] In November 2016, white nationalist Richard B. Spencer, who also self-identified as alt-right, became its "indelible face" after a video of him giving a Nazi salute provoked universal outrage.[15] This led to a rift in the alt-right movement between white nationalists and civic nationalists, with the former branding the latter "cuckservatives" and "alt-lite".[16][17] Following the schism, Cernovich disassociated himself from alt-right, saying: "The first order of business is getting that Nazi shit way the fuck away from me". He adopted the label "new right", and has also described himself as an economic nationalist.[18]
Cernovich was one of the organizers of the January 2017
Ideology
In 2015 and 2016, Cernovich repeatedly made false claims that white South Africans were being genocided,
Politico described him in 2016 as wanting an IQ test requirement for immigrants and to end federal funding for universities.[26] Interviewed on 60 Minutes in March 2017, Cernovich supported single-payer healthcare.[27] Cernovich has supported "some sort of universal basic income",[26][28] and suggested in 2018 that the "new right" was "more of a populist movement than a conservative or liberal movement", and that "conservatism is on the way out".[29]
Donald Trump
During the 2016 United States presidential campaign, Cernovich saw Donald Trump as a kindred spirit[2] and, according to Politico, during the 2016 campaign and early period of the Trump administration, Cernovich was an "indefatigable Trump cheerleader" and was among a group of alt-right celebrities who believed they could become a major influence on the Republican Party.[30]
In 2018, Cernovich became "increasingly critical" of Trump, and less politically active.
Following the 2022 midterm elections, Cernovich said the losses meant that "at least no one has to suck up to Trump anymore", and that "Trump has zero shot at 2024". He voiced his support for Ron DeSantis for the 2024 election.[32]
Attempts to influence the news cycle
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During the 2016 campaign, Cernovich told journalist Andrew Marantz: "if there's a story that can hurt Hillary, I want it in the news cycle".[33] He set out to coin and promote hashtags that would promote these stories, and aimed to get the stories covered by conservative news aggregator The Drudge Report, saying: "If it's on Drudge, then it's on Hannity. If it's on Hannity, then Brian Stelter's talking about it on CNN".[33] Researchers from Oxford said in a 2020 book that it exemplifies a propaganda pipeline that "[takes] advantage of the media ecosystem architecture", in which "destructive memes" that emerge from the media's periphery (social media and sites like Infowars) can spread to its core, as mainstream media covers the controversies.[34]
Conspiracy theories
Politico has described Cernovich as an "avid consumer and progenitor of conspiracy theories".[26]
During the 2016 campaign, Cernovich was "among the first" to spread rumors about Hillary Clinton's health.[2] Clinton had previously experienced a brain concussion and blood clots, but testing found "complete resolution", and her doctors attested to her good health.[35] In March 2016, he claimed that a photo of Hillary Clinton winking showed she had experienced a "mild stroke".[36] In August, he promoted the hashtags: #CoughingHillary and #SickHillary on Twitter, and spread rumors that Clinton had epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.[37] These rumors were amplified by the Drudge Report website, Rudy Giuliani,[38] and Donald Trump.[39] In September 2016, Clinton was filmed collapsing from pneumonia after a memorial service, and Cernovich started the #HillarysHealth hashtag,[40] which trended nationwide; that month, Cernovich's tweets were seen more than 100 million times.[2]
In November 2016, Cernovich and other conspiracists promoted the baseless
Cernovich regularly asserts, without evidence, that there are active child sex rings in Washington, D.C. and in Hollywood.[3][47] He has accused his opponents of being pedophiles on many occasions.[3] A visit to Haiti by the Clintons, he saw as evidence the couple were involved in child trafficking.[48] In another YouTube video, he said that most people employed by the news media and "every A-list actor" in Hollywood were also pedophiles.[1]
Cernovich has also supported the unevidenced theory that there were multiple shooters at the
Cernovich commissioned artist
Cernovich began hosting the fourth hour once a week on conspiracy theorist Alex Jones' InfoWars show in May 2017.[52]
Other activities
During the 2021 effort to recall incumbent California governor Gavin Newsom, Cernovich floated a potential run.[53]
Gonzo journalism
Cernovich's high prominence in pro-Trump social media circles led him to build a network of sympathetic sources, and break several stories on his blog, which he promoted on Twitter and video streaming sites like Periscope.[54] The New Yorker's Andrew Marantz described it as "hardly journalism in its highest form. But it's not exactly fake news, either", comparing it to the Huffington Post's citizen journalism tactics.[55] New York Magazine's Jesse Singal deemed it gonzo journalism,[56] while CNN's Tom Kludt said Cernovich "gained prominence in the Trump-era for legitimate national security related scoops".[57]
Intelligence unmasking by Susan Rice
On April 2, 2017, Cernovich broke the news that Susan Rice, Obama's national security advisor, had requested the unmasking of several Trump transition officials who appeared in intelligence reports.[58] When electronic eavesdropping of foreign officials incidentally capture American citizens' names, those names are redacted in intelligence reports, but can be "unmasked" through a legal process.[59] Cernovich publicized his claims in a Medium.com article, in tweets, and on Periscope live streams. The hashtag #SusanRice became a trending topic on Twitter; he later posted a screenshot showing the tweets received 400,000 impressions.[60] Cernovich claimed that his sources were sympathetic employees of mainstream media outlets, whose outlets were "sitting on this story".[61]
The next day, Bloomberg News published its story on the intelligence unmasking.[59] The White House falsely claimed it was a "smoking gun" that supported its past allegations that Obama had "illegally wiretapped" Trump Tower, though the Susan Rice story was tangential to those claims.[62] Trump himself, conservative commentators Tucker Carlson and David French, White House conselor Kellyanne Conway, and congressmen Rand Paul and Devin Nunes all promoted the story.[63] Donald Trump Jr. claimed Cernovich deserved a Pulitzer Prize.[64] The story was criticized as a distraction from the Russia probe investigating Trump.[65]
The New Yorker's Ryan Lizza said there were "valid reasons" for concerns about unmasking, but that it was constrained by a legal process and independent review, and noted there was no evidence of misconduct.[66] Experts and bipartisan congresspeople concluded Susan Rice was "doing her job", that there was "absolutely" no smoking gun in the unmasked reports, and that the unmaskings were "neither unusual nor against the law".[67]
H.R. McMaster
In 2017, Cernovich launched a sustained campaign to influence Trump to fire his national security advisor, H. R. McMaster, claiming that McMaster was undermining the president's America First agenda.[68][69] He started the McMasterLeaks.com website to document his and others' criticisms of McMaster.[70]
On May 8, 2017, Cernovich reported that McMaster had called White House director of strategic communications Hope Hicks a "high schooler".[71][72] New York Magazine's Olivia Nuzzi later corroborated the quote.[73]
Cernovich was interviewed on Foreign Policy's podcast in relation to his anti-McMaster campaign, and discussed the tension between journalism and activism.[74]
Shitty Media Men list
On October 12, 2017, Buzzfeed revealed the existence of the "Shitty Media Men" spreadsheet, which had been created a day earlier in the aftermath of the Harvey Weinstein scandal, and was used by female journalists to crowdsource allegations ranging from "weird lunch dates" to rape and stalking committed by their male coworkers.[75] The list included reporters from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The New Yorker, and Buzzfeed.[76]
On October 16, Cernovich offered to pay $10,000 for a copy of the list. He obtained it on October 21, claiming the source "was insistent on not accepting anything", and announced his intent to release it; he published two of the names, but held back the rest after consulting his lawyer.[76] New York Magazine denounced Cernovich's actions as a weaponization of the allegations in order to "attack the hated liberal media".[77] The list itself later led to a string of investigations, resignations and firings.[78]
Sexual harassment allegations against John Conyers
In November 2017, Cernovich uncovered sworn affidavits in which former staffers accused Democratic congressman
Role in the media ecosystem
New York Magazine's Jesse Singal said Cernovich benefited from common conservative sentiments that mainstream journalism is "fake news" and "utterly corrupt", sentiments which blur the line between established news organizations and activists, and lead conservatives to downplay or excuse fake news published by "their side".[56] Singal described conservatives as believing "[people like Cernovich] are on the right side, and they're set to overtake those corrupt dinosaurs who have controlled the flow of information for far too long".[56]
In an interview with Vice News, Cernovich claimed he was filling a "vacuum" created by conservative distrust of mainstream media.
The people who are going to watch [this interview] on VICE, or on HBO, are not my people. So you guys could create this caricature of a madman and a monster, and maybe two or three people who follow me on Twitter would even watch it. So we live now in parallel structures. Right now there's no shared set of facts in the country.[82]
— Mike Cernovich, "Post-Truth" News with Mike Cernovich, VICE on HBO
In the same segment, VICE noted that only 32% of Americans trusted the press, and interviewed Eugene Yi of the MIT Media Lab, who showed that mainstream journalists had practically no reach among conservative Twitter users.[82]
Legal activities
Jeffrey Epstein lawsuit
In 2015, Virginia Giuffre sued Ghislaine Maxwell, alleging that Maxwell sexually trafficked her for Jeffrey Epstein while she was a minor. Maxwell settled the suit[83]
In January 2017, Cernovich filed a motion to unseal evidence and depositions from Giuffre's lawsuit.[84] He told Politico he was "astonished" by the amount of redactions the judge allowed, with some documents "largely or entirely redacted".[85] Alan Dershowitz later filed a similar motion,[86] and the Miami Herald filed a third in April 2018.[87] The motions were denied by the trial court, and Cernovich and the Herald appealed to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.[88] The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (which includes the Associated Press) filed an amicus brief to support the appeal.[89] In July 2019, the Court of Appeals ordered the documents unsealed.[88]
Other lawsuits
In February 2020, Cernovich filed a third-party motion in Roger Stone's criminal case, calling for the release of the jury foreperson's questionnaire answers.[90] This motion too was supported by the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.[91] It was later backed by Roger Stone,[92] who filed a motion for a new trial, which was denied.[93]
Social media
Cernovich became influential on social media, initially as part of the manosphere movement.[94] Cernovich calls his adversaries "beta males", losers, or "cucks", saying: "to beat a person, you lower his or her social status".[2] Cernovich uses trolling tactics, which he says he uses to build his brand rather than for his own amusement.[2][1] In December 2017, Cernovich hosted an "Ask Me Anything" on Reddit, regarded as a failure by several media outlets.[95]
Gamergate
In 2014, Cernovich became a prominent figure of Gamergate, which targeted feminists as part of a nascent culture war in the aftermath of the MeToo movement.[96] He encouraged the doxing of opponents, and wrote about women attacking men with false rape allegations.[47] Wired Magazine wrote that Cernovich "gained a kind of leadership over the unruly mob", and that the movement had more to do with identity than with gaming or women.[47]
Cernovich hired private investigators to hound Zoë Quinn, a central target of Gamergate, and worked with Eron Gjoni, Quinn's former boyfriend who had written the disparaging blog post about Quinn which incited the harassment campaign.[97][47] According to O'Toole et al. writing in Gender Violence, "Cernovich's ongoing strategy, even after Gamergate itself died down, has been to promote conspiracy theories, provide dubious legal advice, and offer a constantly rotating platter of targets."[97] Writer and activist Soraya Chemaly called Gamergate a "breeding ground and practice ground" for the 2016 campaign.[98]
Involvement in firings of other individuals
Sam Seder
In December 2017, Cernovich published a
The news of Seder's dismissal prompted an almost immediate backlash. Over 12,000 people signed a petition protesting Seder's termination, arguing that Cernovich had acted in malice and was deliberately mischaracterizing the tweet.
Cernovich acknowledged that "some are saying Seder was making a joke or being sarcastic."[107] However, he maintained that he didn't misrepresent the tweet and that he had simply "reported on what [Seder] said."[57]
Columbia Journalism Review cited the incident as an example of a broader pattern of far-right media personalities using online smear campaigns to get mainstream journalists fired.[108]
James Gunn
On July 18, 2018, filmmaker Mark Duplass faced swift backlash on Twitter for recommending his "fellow liberals [cross] the aisle" and follow conservative commentator Ben Shapiro on Twitter; filmmaker James Gunn came to Duplass's defense, and Duplass publicly retracted his endorsement, calling it "a disaster on many levels".[109] A day later, Cernovich and conspiracy theorist Jack Posobiec unearthed tweets by Gunn in which he joked about pedophilia and rape; Gunn had been a vocal critic of Donald Trump,[110] and the tweets were widely shared among conservatives, and trended nationwide on Twitter.[111] The next day, Gunn issued an apology for the tweets.[112] Disney called the tweets "indefensible", and fired Gunn from Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3.[113] After Gunn's firing, Cernovich also unearthed similar tweets by comedians Michael Ian Black and Patton Oswalt.[114]
Disney's decision to fire Gunn was criticized by fans of the series, Hollywood stars, and several media outlets.[115] An online petition urging Disney to re-hire Gunn received over 400,000 signatures.[116] Fellow Guardians of the Galaxy cast members released a statement expressing their "[full] support" for Gunn.[117]
In March 2019, Gunn was reinstated by Disney as director of the third film.[118] Prior to his rehiring, he had also signed on with Warner Bros. to write and later direct what would eventually become the DC Extended Universe film The Suicide Squad.[119] In 2022, Gunn was chosen to lead DC Studios, the retooled film division of DC Comics.[120]
Personal life
Cernovich was arrested and charged with rape in 2003. The rape charges were dismissed, but he was ordered to perform community service for misdemeanor battery. His record was later expunged.[2]
Cernovich married his first wife when he was a law student in 2003. He later said the marriage was "ruined by feminist indoctrination".[2] An attorney for a Silicon Valley firm, his first wife earned millions of dollars from an initial public offering (IPO). She filed for divorce in 2011, and Cernovich received what he has described as a "seven-figure sum" in the settlement.[2][6] He later married his second wife, Shauna.[2] The couple has three children together.
Works
Books
- Cernovich, Mike (2015). Gorilla Mindset: How to Control Your Thoughts and Emotions, Improve Your Health and Fitness, Make More Money and Live Life on Your Terms. OCLC 927343429.
- Cernovich, Mike (2016). Danger & Play: Essays on Embracing Masculinity. OCLC 974812153.
- Cernovich, Mike (2016). OCLC 964446485.
- Downey, Scooter; Du Toit, Jon; Cernovich, Mike (2018). Hoaxed: Everything They Told You Is a Lie. Jonathan Hom. OCLC 1080581048.
Films
Year | Title | Role |
---|---|---|
2016 | The Red Pill | Associate producer[9] |
2016 | Silenced, Our War for Free Speech | Producer[121] |
2019 | Hoaxed: The Media's War on Truth | Producer and as self[12] |
2020 | The Plot Against the President | Self[122] |
2020 | White Noise | Self[123] |
References
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- ^ a b c Singal, Jesse. "How Mike Cernovich Is Pizzagating His Latest Victim". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016.
- ^ a b Greenfield, Scott (February 24, 2016). "Cross: Mike Cernovich, The 800 lb. Gorilla Lawyer". Mimeis Law. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016.
- University of Illinois at Springfield. April 1, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ^ a b c Ohlheiser, Abby; Terris, Ben (April 7, 2017). "How Mike Cernovich's influence moved from the Internet fringes to the White House". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Mike Cernovich". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
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- Marantz 2019, p. 45, “I knew something like this would happen eventually,” Cernovich said a few days after Hailgate. “We’ll figure out a new name. The first order of business is getting that Nazi shit way the fuck away from me."
- Schreckinger, Ben (January 2017). "The Alt-Right Comes to Washington". Politico Magazine. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
Cernovich now uses the label "new right" to describe himself. [...] [He] describes himself as an economic nationalist primarily concerned with the welfare of average Americans.
- ^ Homans, Charles (January 20, 2017). "Trumpism's Twitter Wing Celebrates With a 'DeploraBall'". The New York Times Magazine.
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the organisation has publically [sic] stated that "white genocide is not underway in South Africa
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- ^ Matthews, Dylan (April 4, 2017). "Why the alt-right loves single-payer health care". Vox.
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- Wilkie, Christina. "Trump lashes out at DeSantis and Virginia Gov. Youngkin as he readies 2024 launch in the week ahead". CNBC. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
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- ^ a b Marantz 2019, p. 191.
- ISBN 978-0190923624.
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- "Le "malaise" de Hillary Clinton relance les folles rumeurs sur sa santé".
- ^ Marantz 2019, p. 180, "Go online and put down 'Hillary Clinton illness,' take a look at the videos for yourself," Rudy Giuliani [...] said on Fox News.".
- ^ Marantz 2019, p. "In early September, Donald Trump tweeted, "Mainstream media never covered Hillary's massive 'hacking' or coughing attack, yet it is #1 trending. What's up?".
- ^ Marantz 2019, pp. 180–181.
- ^ Multiple citations:
- Huang, Gregor Aisch, Jon; Kang, Cecilia (December 10, 2016). "Dissecting the #PizzaGate Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Shelbourne, Mallory (April 25, 2017). "Writer who pushed 'Pizzagate' conspiracy theory says he'll attend WH briefing". The Hill. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- Huang, Gregor Aisch, Jon; Kang, Cecilia (December 10, 2016). "Dissecting the #PizzaGate Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
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- Mak, Tim; Collins, Ben (November 4, 2016). "Hannity and Drudge Cite WikiLeaks to Claim Clinton Campaign Worships Satan". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
- Wendling 2018, Pages 143: "The biggest hashtags on [Twitter] in late 2016 and beyond were #MAGA and #Pizzagate"
- ^ Wendling 2018, p. 160-162, "And so "pizzagate" broke out of 4chan and alt-right Reddit and drew in people from the left, or formerly from the left [... whose] common link [...] was a profound distrust of the mainstream media".
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ "Mike Cernovich, right-wing conspiracy theorist, considers congressional campaign in California". Associated Press. February 9, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e McKew, Molly (October 3, 2018). "Brett Kavanaugh and the Information Terrorists Trying to Reshape America". Wired. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ López G., Cristina; Karet, Brendan; Kerr, John (August 21, 2018). "Cernovich has pushed conspiracy theories about pedophilia, Satanism, 'spirit cooking,' and more". Media Matters for America. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
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- Times of Israel. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
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- ^ Darcy, Oliver (May 3, 2017). "Right-wing troll Mike Cernovich goes professional with new hosting gig at InfoWars". CNN.
- ^ Multiple citations:
- Hubler, Shawn (September 14, 2021). "A Recall for Newsom in California? Talk Grows as Governors Come Under Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- Ramrayka, Liza. "California governor, slammed for COVID performance, faces recall". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- "Mike Cernovich, right-wing conspiracy theorist, considers congressional campaign in California". Associated Press. February 9, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
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[Cernovich] also gained prominence in the Trump-era for legitimate national security related scoops
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- ^ a b Multiple citations:
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- Bugbee, Ruth Spencer, Stella (October 21, 2017). "Alt-Right Blogger Posts Names From 'Shitty Men in Media' List". The Cut. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Kircher, Madison Malone (October 27, 2017). "The 'Sh*tty Men in Media' List Has Officially Been Weaponized". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
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- ^ Darcy, Oliver (May 3, 2017). "Right-wing troll Mike Cernovich goes professional with new hosting gig at InfoWars". CNN. Archived from the original on May 7, 2017.
- ^ "Brown v. Maxwell (No. 18-2868-cv)" (PDF). United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. July 2019.
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- ^ "RCFP amicus brief: In re: Juror Questionnaires in United States v. Stone". The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
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- ^ Multiple citations:
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- ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 15, 2019). "Disney Reinstates Director James Gunn For 'Guardians Of The Galaxy 3'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
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Bibliography
- Wendling, Mike (April 3, 2018). Alt-Right: From 4Chan to the White House. Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 978-1-77363-067-0.
- Marantz, Andrew (October 8, 2019). Antisocial: Online Extremists, Techno-Utopians, and the Hijacking of the American Conversation. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-525-52227-0.
- Nagle, Angela (June 7, 2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78535-544-8.
- Hawley, George (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-Right. ISBN 9780231546003.
External links
- Official website
- Mike Cernovich at IMDb