Mike Hawthorn
Entries | 47 (45 starts) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Championships | 1 (1958) | ||||||||||
Wins | 3 | ||||||||||
Podiums | 18 | ||||||||||
Career points | 112 9⁄14 (127 9⁄14)[1] | ||||||||||
Pole positions | 4 | ||||||||||
Fastest laps | 6 | ||||||||||
First entry | 1952 Belgian Grand Prix | ||||||||||
First win | 1953 French Grand Prix | ||||||||||
Last win | 1958 French Grand Prix | ||||||||||
Last entry | 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix | ||||||||||
|
John Michael Hawthorn (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a British racing driver. He became the United Kingdom's first Formula One World Champion driver in 1958, whereupon he announced his retirement, having been profoundly affected by the death of his teammate and friend Peter Collins two months earlier in the 1958 German Grand Prix. He died in a road accident three months after retiring.
With a total of three career World Championship Grand Prix wins, Hawthorn has the lowest number of Grand Prix wins scored by any Formula One World Champion. Hawthorn had also won the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Early life
Mike Hawthorn was born in Mexborough, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, to Leslie and Winifred (née Symonds) Hawthorn,[2] and educated at Ardingly College, West Sussex, followed by studies at Chelsea technical college and an apprenticeship with a commercial vehicle manufacturer.[3] His father owned the Tourist Trophy Garage in Farnham, franchised to supply and service several high performance brands, including Jaguar and Ferrari.[4] His father raced motorcycles and supported his son's racing career; when he died in a road accident, in 1954, Mike Hawthorn inherited the business.[5]
Racing career
Mike Hawthorn made his competition debut on 2 September 1950 in his 1934 Riley Ulster Imp, KV 9475, winning the 1,100 cc sports car class at the Brighton Speed Trials.[6] In 1951, driving a 1+1⁄2-litre T.T. Riley, he entered the Motor Sport Brooklands Memorial Trophy, a season-long contest run at Goodwood, winning it by one point.[7] He also won the Ulster Trophy Handicap at Dundrod and the Leinster Trophy at Wicklow that year.[8]
1952
By 1952, Hawthorn had switched to
1953
At Scuderia Ferrari for the 1953 season, Hawthorn immediately showed his worth with victory, at his ninth attempt, in the French Grand Prix at Reims, outmanoeuvring Juan Manuel Fangio in what became dubbed 'the race of the century' with the top four drivers finishing within five seconds of each other after 60 laps.[11] This and two other podium finishes helped him end the season fourth overall.[12] He also won the BRDC International Trophy[13] and the Ulster Trophy[14] as well as the 24 Heures de Spa Francorchamps with Ferrari teammate Giuseppe Farina.[15]
1954
Hawthorn's liability for conscription (National Service) was brought up in the
1955
24 Hours of Le Mans
In January 1955, Hawthorn joined the Jaguar racing team, replacing Stirling Moss, who had left for Mercedes.[18] Hawthorn won the 1955 les 24 Heures du Mans following what has been described as an inspired drive in which he set a lap record of 4 minutes and 6.6 seconds during a three-hour duel with Fangio in the early stages. However, the race was marred by the worst disaster in motor racing history, a crash which killed 83 spectators and Mercedes driver Pierre Levegh. After overtaking Lance Macklin's Healey, Hawthorn suddenly braked in front of him on noticing an order to enter the pits to refuel, causing Macklin to swerve into the path of Levegh's Mercedes. After colliding with the Healey, the Mercedes skipped the earthen embankment separating the spectator area from the track, bounced through spectator enclosures, then hit a concrete stairwell parapet head-on. The impact shattered the front end of the car, which then somersaulted high, pitching debris into the spectator area, before landing atop the earthen embankment. The debris, including bonnet, engine, and front axle, which separated from the frame, flew through the crowd.
Eight hours later, while leading the race 1.5 laps ahead of the Jaguar team, the Mercedes team withdrew from the race, ostensibly as a mark of respect for those who had perished in the accident; the Jaguar team was invited to join them but declined.[19] The French press carried photographs of Hawthorn and Ivor Bueb celebrating their win with the customary champagne but treated them with scorn.[20]
The official inquiry into the accident ruled that Hawthorn was not responsible for the crash, and that it was merely a racing incident. The death of so many spectators was blamed on inadequate safety standards for track design. Aside from two layout changes to make the circuit shorter, the track was largely unaltered since the inception of the race in 1923, when top speeds of cars were typically in the region of 100 km/h (60 mph). By 1955, top speeds for the leading cars were over 270 km/h (170 mph). That said, the circuit had been resurfaced and widened post-war. The pits and grandstands had been reconstructed, but there were no barriers between the pit lane and the racing line, and only a 4 ft (1.2 m) earthen bank between the track and the spectators. The Grandstand and pit areas were demolished and rebuilt soon after.[20] The death toll led to a ban on motorsports in France, Spain, Switzerland, Germany and other nations, until the tracks could be brought to a higher safety standard. In Switzerland motorsports were banned with exceptions until the ban was lifted in June 2022.
Dundrod
Whilst sharing the Jaguar D-Type with Desmond Titterington during the 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy at Dundrod, Hawthorn passed Fangio twice, and set the lap record for the RAC Tourist Trophy on the Dundrod Circuit, only to lose in the final stages when, running on full tanks, he was passed by Stirling Moss when the D Type's engine failed on the last lap.[21][22]
1956–1957
Another change of team for 1956 – this time to BRM - was a failure, and Hawthorn's only podium came in Argentina where the non-appearance of his BRM allowed him to guest drive a Maserati 250F.[23] However, when it appeared, usually only in British races, the new 2.5 BRM was very fast while it lasted, and Hawthorn held off Fangio, leading the first 25 laps at Silverstone in the British GP. He retired the car before half distance owing to deteriorating handling and brakes. Deeply unhappy with the BRM team's management and car preparation, Hawthorn walked out of the team at this point. Hawthorn had left Ferrari because driving for the British Jaguar sports car team was his first priority. He was favoured to win at Le Mans again, but lost ten laps in the pits early in the race, and while the D type repeatedly set fastest laps, the fuel consumption rules meant he could only finish sixth.
Racing the D type in Italy, Hawthorn crashed and suffered very serious burns, his second bad accident of the year, leaving him disillusioned with racing. However, he believed a return to Ferrari could give him the championship in the superior Lancia Ferrari D50. He had put the original Jano version of the car on the front row at its debut in the final F1 race of 1955 at Oulton Park. However, Ferrari's modified version of the design for 1957 was slower than Fangio and Collins's all-conquering 1956 Lancia Ferrari. The 1957 version, with the polar centred pannier tanks removed, still handled well, but was not the masterpiece Jano designed; it lacked straight line speed and was uncompetitive by mid 1957, clearly inferior to the new Vanwalls.
Hawthorn rejoined the Ferrari factory team in 1957, and soon became friends with Peter Collins, a fellow Englishman and Ferrari team driver. During the 1957 and 1958 racing seasons, the two Englishmen became engaged in a fierce rivalry with Luigi Musso, another Ferrari driver, for prize money.[24]
1958 World Champion
Hawthorn won the
After winning the title, Hawthorn immediately announced his retirement from Formula One. He began a series of books for children featuring not only the wholly fictional Carlotti but also himself and other drivers of the day ('Stirling nipped past me at the hairpin', and so on). The first, published in 1958, was Carlotti Joins the Team, and a second was published in 1959 called Carlotti Takes the Wheel.[30] Due to his death, the series did not continue.
Hawthorn was noted for wearing a bow tie when racing;[31][32] to the French, he became known as 'Le Papillon' (The Butterfly).[3]
Rivalry with Luigi Musso
Fiamma Breschi, Luigi Musso's girlfriend at the time of his death, revealed the nature of Musso's rivalry with Hawthorn and Collins in a television documentary, The Secret Life of Enzo Ferrari, many years after the death of Hawthorn. Breschi recalled that the antagonism between Musso and the two English drivers encouraged all three to take more risks: "The Englishmen (Hawthorn and Collins) had an agreement", she says. "Whichever of them won, they would share the winnings equally. It was the two of them against Luigi, who was not part of the agreement. Strength comes in numbers, and they were united against him. This antagonism was actually favourable rather than damaging to Ferrari. The faster the drivers went, the more likely it was that a Ferrari would win." Breschi related that Musso was in debt at the time of his death, and the money for winning the 1958 French Grand Prix (traditionally the largest monetary prize of the season), was all-important to him.[24]
After visiting the mortally injured Musso in hospital, Breschi returned to her hotel, where she and the rest of the Ferrari team were informed by the team manager that afternoon that Musso had died. Within thirty days Collins too was dead, and the following January, Hawthorn. Breschi could not suppress a feeling of release: "I had hated them both", she said, "first because I was aware of certain facts that were not right, and also because when I came out of the hospital and went back to the hotel, I found them in the square outside the hotel, laughing and playing a game of football with an empty beer can. So when they died, too, it was liberating for me. Otherwise I would have had unpleasant feelings towards them forever. This way I could find a sense of peace."[24][33]
Personal life
After leaving school in the summer of 1946, Hawhorn started serving his apprenticeship with Dennis Bros of Guildford in Surrey. He used his 1939 250cc OHV Triumph to get there each day regularly racing Jack Kinghorn on his Triumph Thunderbird on the infamous A31 Hog's Back between Farnham where his father's garage was located and the Guildford A3 factory where they both worked. Ironically crashing in 1959 allegedly racing down A3 at Stag Hill only a mile from Dennis Bros factory before Guildford Cathedral. Hawthorn never married, but fathered a son, Arnaud Michael Delaunay born 1954, with Jacqueline Delaunay, whom he met in Reims after winning the French Grand Prix in 1953. He was engaged at the time of his death to the fashion model Jean Howarth, who later married another racing driver, Innes Ireland, in 1993.[34]
Death
On 22 January 1959, only three months into his retirement, Hawthorn died in a car accident on the
The accident occurred on a notoriously dangerous section of the road, the scene of 15 serious accidents (two fatal) in the previous two years; the road was also wet at the time. Driving at speed (one witness estimated 80
There was inevitable speculation that Hawthorn and Walker had been racing each other, fuelled by Walker's persistent refusal at the coroner's inquest to estimate the speed of his own car at the time.[36] In an interview with motor racing journalist Eoin Young and writer Eric Dymock in 1988, Walker admitted he had indeed been racing Hawthorn, but had been advised by a police officer investigating the accident to make no further mention of it lest he incriminate himself.[37]
Possible causes of the accident include driver error, a blackout, or mechanical failure, although examination of the wreck revealed no obvious fault. There is evidence that Hawthorn had recently suffered blackouts, perhaps because of kidney failure.[38] By 1955, Hawthorn had already lost one kidney to infection, and had begun suffering problems with the other; he was expected at the time to live only three more years.[20]
At the
Eponymy
In
Hawthorn Memorial Trophy
The Hawthorn Memorial Trophy has been awarded to the most successful British or Commonwealth Formula 1 driver every year since 1959.[40] Lewis Hamilton has won the award the most times, taking the trophy on eleven occasions.[41]
Racing record
Career highlights
Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | WDC | Pts[1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1952 | Leslie D. Hawthorn | T20
|
L6
|
SUI | 500 | BEL 4 |
GBR 3 |
GER | NED 4 |
ITA NC |
4th= | 10 | ||||
AHM Bryde | FRA Ret |
|||||||||||||||
1953 | Scuderia Ferrari | 500
|
L4
|
ARG 4 |
500 | NED 4 |
BEL 6 |
FRA 1 |
GBR 5 |
GER 3 |
SUI 3 |
ITA 4 |
4th | 19 (27) | ||
1954 | Scuderia Ferrari | 625
|
L4
|
ARG DSQ |
500 | BEL 4* |
GBR 2 |
GER 2* |
SUI Ret |
ITA 2 |
3rd | 24 9⁄14 | ||||
Ferrari 553 | L4
|
FRA Ret |
ESP 1 |
|||||||||||||
1955 | Vandervell Products
|
VW1
|
L4
|
ARG | MON Ret |
500 | BEL Ret |
NC | 0 | |||||||
Scuderia Ferrari | 555
|
L4
|
NED 7 |
ITA 10 |
||||||||||||
625
|
GBR 6* |
|||||||||||||||
1956 | Owen Racing Organisation
|
Maserati 250F | L6
|
ARG 3 |
12th | 4 | ||||||||||
BRM P25 | L4
|
MON DNS |
500 | GBR Ret |
GER | ITA | ||||||||||
Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 250F | L6
|
BEL DNS |
|||||||||||||
Vandervell Products
|
VW2
|
L4
|
FRA 10* |
|||||||||||||
1957 | Scuderia Ferrari | D50A
|
Ferrari DS50 2.5 V8 | ARG Ret |
MON Ret |
500 | 4th | 13 | ||||||||
801
|
FRA 4 |
GBR 3 |
GER 2 |
PES | ITA 6 |
|||||||||||
1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 246 | V6
|
ARG 3 |
MON Ret |
NED 5 |
500 | BEL 2 |
FRA 1 |
GBR 2 |
GER Ret |
POR 2 |
ITA 2 |
MOR 2 |
1st | 42 (49) |
Source:[104]
|
* Indicates Shared Drive
Formula One non-championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
- * Indicates shared drive with Alberto Ascari
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Scuderia Ferrari | Giuseppe Farina | Ferrari 340 MM Pinin Farina Berlinetta | S5.0 | 12 | DSQ | |
1955 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Ivor Bueb | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 307 | 1st | 1st |
1956 | Jaguar Cars Ltd. | Ivor Bueb | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 280 | 6th | 3rd |
1957 | Scuderia Ferrari | Luigi Musso | Ferrari 335 S | S5.0 | 56 | DNF (Piston) | |
1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Peter Collins | Ferrari 250 TR 58
|
S3.0 | 112 | DNF (Clutch) |
Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | B.S. Cunningham | Phil Walters | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 182 | 1st | 1st |
1956 | Jaguar of New York Distributors Inc. | Desmond Titterington | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 162 | DNF (Brakes) | |
1957 | Jaguar Cars of North America | Ivor Bueb | Jaguar D-Type | S5.0 | 193 | 3rd | 2nd |
1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Wolfgang von Trips | Ferrari 250 TR 58
|
S3.0 | 159 | DNF (Gearbox) |
Complete 24 Hours of Spa results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Scuderia Ferrari | Giuseppe Farina | Ferrari 375 MM Pinin Farina Berlinetta | S | 260 | 1st | 1st |
Complete Mille Miglia results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Ferrari Spa | Azelio Cappi | Ferrari 250 MM Vignale Spyder | S+2.0 | DNF (Brakes) |
Complete 12 Hours of Reims results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956 | Jaguar Cars | Paul Frère | Jaguar D-Type | S3.5 | 2nd | 2nd |
Complete 12 Hours of Pescara results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | Scuderia Ferrari | Umberto Maglioli | Ferrari 375 MM Pinin Farina Berlinetta | S+2.0 | 1st | 1st |
References
- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-908658-06-7, 2015)
- ^ "Mike Hawthorn - a Tribute ... The Tourist Trophy Garage:Standard Atlas Van Project". Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ "Mike Hawthorn - A tribute". Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- ^ Motor Sport, October 1950, Page 493; Motor Sport, August 1951, Page 379.
- ^ Motor Sport, September 1951, Page 432.
- ^ Motor Sport, January 1952, Page 11.
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- ^ A letter from Mike Hawthorn Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Mike-hawthorn.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ "Mike Hawthorn & the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans: The Cause and the Effect". ConceptCarz.com. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ a b c Deadliest Crash:the Le Mans 1955 Disaster BBC Four documentary, broadcast 16 May 2010
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- ISBN 978-0-76032-100-3. Archived from the originalon 18 March 2014.
The world champion that year was the Ferrari driver Mike Hawthorn, a tall, blond young man who always wore a bow tie when racing. Always. He considered this important. It was his style.
- ISBN 978-1-84584-082-2.
Invariably he would greet his friend Peter Collins with the words 'mon ami, mate' and was famous for his bow tie, which earned him the nickname 'Le Pappilon' [sic], meaning the butterfly.
- ^ Williams, Richard, Richard Williams Talks to Fiamma Breschi, the Woman Behind Enzo Ferrari, The Guardian, 22 January 2004
- ISBN 9780851840475
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Further reading
- Martin Shepherd. Too Fast A Life. Silverwood Books. 2015 ISBN 978-1781323199.
- Tony Bailey & Paul Skilleter. Mike Hawthorn: Golden Boy. PJ Publishing Ltd. 2014 ISBN 978-1908658067.