Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Semyonovich and the family name is Vorontsov.

Viceroy of Caucasus
In office
1844–1845
Preceded byAleksandr Neidgardt
Succeeded byNikolai Read (acting)
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky
Personal details
Born30 May [
Field Marshal
Commands6th Infantry Division
Russian Caucasus Forces
Battles/wars
Awards

Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (Russian: Князь Михаил Семёнович Воронцов; 30 May [O.S. 19] 1782 – 18 November [O.S. 6] 1856) was a Russian nobleman and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic Wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853.

Early life

Vorontsov was born on 30 May 1782, in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire.[1] He was the only son of Ekaterina Alekseevna Seniavina and Count Semyon Vorontsov. Mikail and his sister, Catherine (who later became the wife of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke), spent their childhood and youth with his father in London, where his father was the Russian Ambassador to Great Britain.[2][3]

He was the nephew of Imperial Chancellor

Princess Dashkova, a friend of Catherine the Great and a conspirator in the coup d'état that deposed Tsar Peter III and put his wife on the throne.[4]

Career

Portrait of Prince Mikhail Vorontsov by Thomas Lawrence, 1821

From 1803 to 1804, he served in the Caucasus under

Russo-Turkish War.[5]

He commanded the composite grenadiers division in Prince

Davout. Of the 4,000 men in his division, only 300 survived the battle. Vorontsov was wounded but recovered to rejoin the army in 1813. He commanded a new grenadiers division and fought at the Battle of Dennewitz and the Battle of Leipzig.[citation needed] He was the commander of the corps of occupation in France from 1815 to 1818.[5]

On 7 May 1823 he was appointed

namestnik of Bessarabia
. In the year of the start of the
Menshikov as commander of the forces besieging Varna, which he captured on 28 September 1828. It was through his energetic efforts that the plague, which had broken out in the Ottoman Empire, did not penetrate into Russia.[5]

In 1844, Vorontsov was appointed commander-in-chief and

Murid War). At the Battle of Dargo (1845)
, he was nearly defeated and barely fought his way out of the Chechen forest.

By 1848 he had captured two-thirds of Dagestan, and the situation of the Russians in the Caucasus, so long almost desperate, was steadily improving.[5] For his campaign against Shamil, and for his difficult march through the dangerous forests of Ichkeria, he was raised to the dignity of prince, with the title of Serene Highness. In the beginning of 1853, Vorontsov was allowed to retire because of his increasing infirmities. He was made a field-marshal in 1856, and died the same year at Odessa.[5] His archives were published, in 40 volumes, by Pyotr Bartenev between 1870 and 1897.

Personal life

Elizabeth Branicka Vorontsov, by George Hayter

Vorontsov was married to Polish Countess Elżbieta "Elisabeth"

Odessa, which resulted in some of the finest poems in the Russian language.[citation needed
] Together, Mikhail and Elisabeth were the parents of:

Prince Vorontsov died on 18 November 1856 in Odessa.

Descendants

As his son died without issue, his grandson through his daughter Sofya, Count Mikhail Andreyevich Shuvalov (1850–1903), inherited the title of Prince Vorontsov. Upon his death, without issue in 1903, the Vorontsov fortune passed to his elder sister, Countess Elizabeth Andreevna Shuvalova (1845–1924), who had married Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov.

Legacy

Vorontsov's Moorish Castle in Alupka, Crimea (1828–46)

Between 1828 and 1848, Vorontsov built

Scottish Baronial,[11] Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture,[12] and Gothic Revival architecture.[7] The house stayed in the family until four years after the October Revolution when it was nationalised in 1921 and converted into a museum.[6]

A

Transfiguration Cathedral with the marble tombs of Prince Vorontsov and his wife. After the Soviets demolished the cathedral in 1936, Vorontsov's remains were secretly reburied in a local cemetery.[citation needed
] The cathedral was rebuilt in the early 2000s. The remains of Vorontsov and his wife were solemnly transferred to the church in 2005.

Notes

  1. ^ Cave 1857.
  2. ISBN 978-1-136-41416-9
    . Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1911). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Vol. 28. At the University Press. p. 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  4. ISBN 978-0-7735-0747-0
    . Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Vorontsov s.v. Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 213.
  6. ^ a b "Vorontsovsky palace". Zabytki (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  7. ^ a b Ivchenko & Parkhomenko 2010, p. 290.
  8. ^ Zharikov 1983–1986, p. 299.
  9. ^ a b Malikenaite 2003, p. 60.
  10. ^ "Vorontsovsky palace". Qrim.ru (in Russian). 31 October 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  11. ^ Gilbert 1992, p. 817.
  12. ^ Brett, p?
  13. ^ "The government has adopted a decision that removes the protection status from a number of monuments of the Soviet and imperial era" (in Ukrainian). Istorychna Pravda. 11 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

References

External links

Government offices
Preceded byas acting Governor-General Governor-General of Novorossiya
and Viceroy of Bessarabia Region
19 May 1823 – 5 November 1844 		Succeeded by
Fyodor Palen
Preceded by
Aleksandr Neidgardt
as High Commissioner of Caucasus 		Viceroy of Caucasus
1844 – 1854 		Succeeded by
Nikolai Read
as acting Viceroy
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