Mil Mi-8

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Mi-8" redirects here. For other uses, see MI-8 (disambiguation).

Mil Mi-8
Mil Mi-8 of Baltic Airlines taking off at Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg
Role
Transport helicopter (also several armed
versions)
National origin Soviet Union/Russia
Manufacturer
Kazan Helicopter Plant
Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant
Design group Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant
First flight 7 July 1961
Introduction 1967
Status In service
Primary users

ca. 80 other countries, see Operators below
Produced 1961–present
Number built >17,000 and production continues today; world's most-produced helicopter
Variants Mil Mi-8M/Mi-17
Developed into

The Mil Mi-8 (Russian: Ми-8, NATO reporting name: Hip) is a medium twin-turbine helicopter, originally designed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s and introduced into the Soviet Air Force in 1968. It is now produced by Russia.[not verified in body] In addition to its most common role as a

gunship
, and reconnaissance platform.

The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter,[1] with over 17000 units used by over 50 countries. As of 2015, when combined with the related Mil Mi-17, the two helicopters are the third most common operational military aircraft in the world.[2]

Design and development

Passenger cabin of a Shree Airlines aircraft

Soviet Air Force
in 1967.

The Soviet military originally argued against a new helicopter, as they were content with the current Mil Mi-4.[3] To counter this, Mikhail Mil proposed that the new helicopter was more of an update to new turbine engines rather than an entirely new helicopter, which persuaded the council of ministers to proceed with production. Due to the position of the engine, this enabled Mikhail Mil to justify redesigning the entire front half of the aircraft around the single engine.[citation needed]

The prototype, which was named V-8, was designed in 1958

Soviet Aviation Day parade (Tushino Air Parade) in July 1961.[8]

During an official visit to the

S-58 presidential helicopter for the first time and was reportedly extremely impressed.[9][10] On Khrushchev's return, he ordered the creation of a similar helicopter, which was to be ready for the return visit by the American president, to save face.[11] A luxury version of the Mi-4 was quickly created and Khrushchev took an inspection flight, during which Mikhail Mil proposed that his helicopter in development was more suitable. However, it would be necessary to have a second engine for reliability.[citation needed
]

This gave Mikhail Mil the power under the orders of Khrushchev to build the original two-engined helicopter, which for the first time in Soviet history would need purpose-built turbine engines, rather than those adapted from fixed wing aircraft (as in the Mil Mi-6 and the first prototype V-8) and an entirely new main rotor gear box that would be designed in-house for the first time. In May 1960, the order was given for Mikhail Mil to create his twin engine helicopter. The Sergei Isotov Design Bureau accepted the task of creating the engines.[citation needed]

The second prototype (still equipped with the one turbine engine as the Isotov engines were still under development) flew in September 1961.[citation needed]

Two months after the engines were completed by Isotov, the third prototype designated V-8A equipped with two 1,120 kW (1,500 shp) Isotov TV2 engines, made its first flight piloted by Nikolai Ilyushin on 2 August 1962, marking the first flight of any Soviet helicopter to fly with purpose built gas turbine engines.[4] The aircraft completed its factory based testing in February 1963.[citation needed]

The fourth prototype was designed as a VIP transport, with the rotor changed from four blades to five blades in 1963 to reduce vibration, the cockpit doors replaced by blister perspex slides and a sliding door added to the cabin.[4]

The fifth and final prototype was a mass production prototype for the passenger market. In November 1964, all joint testing had been completed and the Soviet government began mass production. Production started in the Kazan Production Plant, with the first aircraft completed by the end of 1965.[citation needed]

Cockpit view

The Soviet military originally showed little interest in the Mi-8 until the

Soviet Air Force as the Mi-8.[citation needed
]

There are numerous variants, including the Mi-8T, which, in addition to carrying 24 troops, is armed with rockets and anti-tank guided missiles. The Mil Mi-17 export version is employed by around 20 countries; its equivalent in Russian service in the Mi-8M series. The only visible differences between the Mi-8 and Mi-17 are A) the position of the tail rotor (Mi-8 right side, Mi-17 left side), B) the shape of the exhausts (Mi-8 circular, Mi-17 oval), and C) Dust shields in front of engine air intakes for the Mi-17. Also Mi-17 has some improved armour plating for its crew. The naval Mil Mi-14 version is also derived from the Mi-8.[12]

The Mi-8 is constantly improving and the newest version still remains in production in 2024. However the second generation of the Mi-8 was changed to a tractor-tail rotor configuration as this configuration has increased yaw authority from the upwards advancing tail rotor blades into the downwash. The increase of the airspeed flowing over the rotor blades increases overall tail rotor effectiveness and yaw authority, whereas with the 'Pusher' tail rotor configuration the advancing rotor blade moves downwards. This decreases the airspeed across the rotor blade, reducing its overall effective yaw authority.[12] [citation needed]

Operational history

Finland

Finnish Mi-8 in Hernesaari, Helsinki, in 2005

The Finnish Defence Forces and the Finnish Border Guard began using Mi-8s in the 1970s, with the Finnish Air Force receiving its first, serialed HS-2, on 28 May 1973, and the second, HS-1, on 31 May 1973. Six Mi-8Ts were obtained at first, followed by further two Mi-8Ts and two Mi-8Ps. Three of the helicopters were handed over to the Border Guard Wing. One of these was lost after sinking through ice during a landing in April 1982. It was soon replaced by a new Mi-8.

After their Border Guard service, the helicopters were transferred to the civil register, but shortly thereafter to the Finnish Air Force. In 1997 it was decided that all helicopters, including the remaining five Mi-8Ts and two Mi-8Ps, should be transferred to the Army Wing at Utti. All Mi-8s have now been retired. One Mi-8 is on display at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Vantaa, and one is at the Päijänne Tavastia Aviation Museum in Asikkala, near Lahti. The two final Mi-8Ts were given to Hungary in August 2011 with all the remaining spare parts.

Georgia

The Georgian air force started operating Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopters from 1991 onwards. During the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) Mi-8 helicopters were used by both sides. Several were shot down, the first being a Georgian civilian Mi-8T which was destroyed in Sukhumi by an RPG-7. On 14 December 1992, a Russian Air Force Mi-8T was shot down by a SA-14 missile near Lata.[13]

On another occasions Abkhaz Mi-8MTVs were shot down by Georgian forces, by SA-14 in one case and by RPG-18 in a second case, both during 1993.[13] In the final case, Georgian Mi-8MTV carrying civilian refugees was shot down, killing 25 people.[13] Georgian Air Force and Police currently operate about 20 Mi-8T/MTVs.[14]

Iraq

Mi-8s were employed by the former

Iranian Army Aviation helicopters, including between Iranian Bell AH-1J Cobras and Iraqi Mi-8s.[15]

South Sudan

On 21 December 2012, a

South Sudan internal conflict. All four Russian crewmembers on board were killed, and after some initial confusion, a UN spokesman said that the South Sudanese army confirmed on 22 December that it mistakenly fired at the helicopter.[16][17]

On 26 August 2014, a

UTair Aviation owned Mi-8 working for the United Nations crashed as it approached a landing airstrip near Bentiu. Three of the Russian crew members died and one was injured. Rebel commander Peter Gadet claimed that his forces brought it down using a rocket-propelled grenade.[18][19]

Soviet Union

The Mi-8 family of helicopters became the main Soviet (and later Russian) helicopter, covering a large range of roles in both peace time and war time. Large fleets of Mi-8 and its derivatives were employed by both military and civil operators.[citation needed]

Large numbers of Mi-8 family helicopters were used during the Soviet–Afghan War during the 1980s. Its rugged construction allowed easier in-theater operations and maintenance. A large number of Mi-8s were lost with several shot down by enemy fire, with the Mi-8 and its derivatives being the main aircraft model lost by the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.[citation needed]

Between April and May 1986, Mi-8s were used in large numbers to drop radiation-absorbing materials into the No. 4 reactor of

construction crane cable with all the crew of four being killed in the crash.[21][22] It is now known that virtually none of the neutron absorbers reached the core.[23]

Ukraine

Mi-8MSB on a 2016 Ukrainian stamp

On 16 August 2013, the

Kirovske military airfield on 15 August.[24]

The Ukrainian Armed Forces used Mi-8MSB along with Mi-24s in operations against separatists in Eastern Ukraine during the

Maksym Kuzminov[29] handed over a Mi-8AMTSh to the Ukrainian forces in coordination with Ukrainian Intelligence agents.[30]

On 16 October 2023, Ukrainian Colonel General

Mi-8 without supplying the location. According to the Oryx database 21 Mi-8 helicopters have been shot down by Ukraine thus far during the war.[31]

United States

During the initial stages of

US Special Forces to assist the Northern Alliance in their fight against the Taliban.[32]

A number of Mi-8s and Mi-17s are used by US government agencies as of 2022.[33]

Yugoslavia

Croatian Mil Mi-8MTV-1
Serbian Mi-8T cargo helicopter

The

Yugoslav Navy. In total, the Yugoslav Air Force received 92 Mi-8Ts, designated by the Yugoslav People's Army
as the HT-40, while local modification of several helicopters into electronic warfare variants produced the HT-40E. Some 40 helicopters were equipped for firefighting operations.

The Yugoslav Mi-8s' first combat operations were transport of Yugoslav People's Army troops and federal police forces to border crossings in Slovenia on 27 June 1991 during the

MANPAD
, and shot one helicopter down, killing all crew and passengers.

During combat in the winter of 1991 in the

Croatian war and in the spring of 1992 in the Bosnian War, the Yugoslav People's Army used the Mi-8 fleet for the evacuation of injured personnel, transport of cargo and search and rescue for the crews of aircraft forced down. As most flights were made behind the front, the Croatian forces were able to down just one helicopter, which was hit by small arms fire near Slavonski Brod
on 4 October 1991.

After

Milicija, using Udbina military airport in Lika
as their main base. The Republika Srpska Air Force continued to operate nine helicopters, albeit suffering problems with maintenance and spare parts, until it was formally disbanded in 2006.

On the other side, Mi-8 helicopters were also used as main air transport. The Croatian National Guard obtained its first on 23 September 1991, near Petrinja, when a Yugoslav Air Force Mi-8 made an emergency landing after being damaged by small-arms fire. A further 6 Mi-8T and 18 Mi-8MTV-1 helicopters were bought from ex-Warsaw Pact countries during the war, with 16 being used in active service, and remaining were used as source for spare parts. The remaining Mi-8Ts were retired from service in the Croatian Air Force after the war, while the Mi-8MTVs continued their service in 20th Transport Helicopter Squadron and 28th Transport Helicopter Squadron. The latter has been re-equipped with new Mi-171Sh helicopters bought from Russia.

The

Herceg Bosna. After the war, the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina operated the remaining five Mi-8MTVs and one Mi-8T in the Air Force and Air Defense Brigade of Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
.

The

Macedonian Air Force bought two Mi-8MT helicopters in 2001 from Ukraine. They fly in the Transport Helicopter Squadron (ex 301. Transport Helicopter Squadron). One crashed, killing all 8 passengers and 3 crew members in an accident in January 2008
.

During the

1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, flying at low altitude to avoid detection by NATO aircraft. In 1999, Yugoslav Mi-8s shot down at least one US Army Hunter UAV with the door gunner's 7.62 mm machine gun.[34][35] Two Mi-17V helicopters secretly operated by the Special Operations Unit post-1997 were also active during the Kosovar conflict. After the unit disbanded in 2003, the helicopters were transferred to Serbia and Montenegro's air force
.

As of mid-2020, the

98th Air Base
.

Others

Variants

For more information on Mi-8M series, see Mil Mi-17.

Prototypes/experimental/low production rate

V-8 (NATO – Hip-A)
The original single-engined prototype.
V-8A
A twin-engined prototype, featuring TV2-117 turboshaft engines, the prototype underwent further modifications during its life.
V-8AT
Prototype of the Mi-8T utility version.
Mi-8 (NATO – Hip-B)
Twin-engined prototype.
Mi-8TG
Conversion to operate on LPG gas.
Mi-18
Prototype design, a modification of the existing Mil Mi-8. Two Mi-8s were extended by 0.9 meters (3 ft), the landing gear made retractable, and a sliding door added to the starboard side of the fuselage. The Mi-18s were used in the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
, and later used as static training airframes for pilots of the Mi-8/17.

Basic military transport/airframe

Mi-8T (NATO – Hip-C)
First mass production utility transport version, it can carry four UV-16-57 unguided rocket pods, (with
hardpoints on two outrigger pylons, and is armed with one or two side-mounted PK machine guns
.
Mi-8TV
Armed version of the Mi-8T.
Mi-8TVK (NATO – Hip-E, a.k.a. Mi-8TB)
Version used as a gunship or direct air support platform. Airframe modifications add 2x external hard points for a total of 6, and mount a flexible 12.7 mm (0.5-inch) KV-4 machine gun in the nose. Armament of 57 mm S-5 rockets, six UV-32-57 rocket pods, 551-lb (250-kg) bombs, or four
AT-2 Swatter
ATGMs.
Mi-8TBK (NATO – Hip-F)
Armed export version, fitted with six launch rails to carry and fire
Malyutka
missiles.

Command and electronic warfare

Mi-8IV (NATO – Hip-G, a.k.a. Mi-9)
Airborne command post version fitted with "Ivolga" system, characterized by antennas, and Doppler radar on tail boom.
Mi-8PP (NATO – Hip-K)
Airborne jamming platform with "Polye" (field) system. From 1980, the type was fitted with the new "Akatsiya" system and redesignated the Mi-8PPA. It is characterized by six X-shaped antennas on each side of the aft fuselage. Built to escort troop-carrying versions of this helicopter, and disrupt potentially nearby SPAAG radars, such as those of the Flakpanzer Gepard.
Mi-8PD
Polish airborne command post version.
Mi-8SMV (NATO – Hip-J)
Airborne jamming platform with "Smalta-V" system, characterized by two small boxes on each side of the fuselage. Used for protection of ground attack aircraft against enemy air defenses.
Mi-8VKP (NATO – Hip-D, a.k.a. Mi-8VzPU)
Airborne communications platform with rectangular communication canisters mounted on weapons racks and with two frame-type aerials above the rear fuselage.

Other military

Mi-8 helicopter cockpit
Mi-8AD
Minelaying version with four VSM-1 dispensers.
Mi-8AV
Minelaying version with VMR-1 or −2 system for 64 or 200 anti-tank mines.
Mi-8BT
Mine-clearing version.
Mi-8MB "Bissektrisa"
Military ambulance version.
Mi-8R (a.k.a. Mi-8GR)
Tactical reconnaissance version with Elint system "Grebeshok-5".[42]
Mi-8K
Artillery observation, reconnaissance version.
Mi-8SMT
Military staff transport version, fitted with improved radio equipment R-832 and R-111.
Mi-8SKA
Photo-reconnaissance version.
Mi-8SP
Spacecraft tracking and recovery version.[43]
Mi-8T(K)
Photo-reconnaissance version.
Mi-8TZ
Fuel transport tanker version.
Mi-8MTYu
Only one was built and used by the
AB "Kirovske"
. Intended for detection of re-entry vehicles, and small surface targets. In the nose radar antenna.
Mi-8MSB
Modernized passenger-transport version for civil aviation.[44]
Mi-8MSB-V
Modernized multipurpose helicopter for the
Ukrainian Armed Forces.[45]

Civil

Ukrainian Ministry of Emergency Situations Mi-8MSB picking up water for aerial firefighting purposes.
Mi-8T (NATO – Hip-C)
Civilian and military utility transport version, with accommodation for 24 passengers, fitted with
tip-up seats
along the cabin walls, circular cabin windows and large rear clamshell doors with a sloping hinge line. The Mi-8T is powered by two 1,677 shp (1,251 kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshaft engines, giving the helicopter a maximum speed of 155 mph (249 km/h) at sea level.
Mi-8P
Civilian passenger transport version, with accommodation for between 28 and 32 passengers, fitted with square cabin windows, small rear clamshell doors with a vertical hinge line and a horizontally split rear airstair door in between; powered by two 1,700 hp (1,300 kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshaft engines.
Mi-8S "Salon"
Civilian VIP transport version, with accommodation for between 9 and 11 passengers, equipped with a galley and toilet.
Mi-8MPS
Search and rescue version (operated usually in Malaysia for Fire and Rescue Department services).
Mi-8MA
Polar exploration version for use in the Arctic.
Mi-8MT
Flying crane version.
Mi-8AT
Civilian transport version, fitted with two improved TV2-117AG turboshaft engines.
Mi-8ATS
Agricultural version, fitted with a hopper and spray bars.
Mi-8TL
Air accident investigation version.
Mi-8TM
Upgraded transport version, fitted with a weather radar.
Mi-8TS
Hot and high desert version.
Mi-8VIP
Deluxe VIP transport version, with accommodation for between 7 and 9 passengers.
Mi-8PA
Modified version for Japanese regulations. One only was built, in 1980. It was used by Aero Asahi for heavy material transport in a mountainous region. It was retired in 1993 and later moved to the Tokorozawa Aviation Museum.

Operators

Main article: List of Mil Mi-8/17 operators
Map with operators of the Mi-8 in blue and former operators in red

Former operators

Specifications (Mi-8MT)

Mil Mi-8 3-view drawing

Data from

Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1992–93[65]

General characteristics

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn)
  • Range: 495 km (308 mi, 267 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 960 km (600 mi, 520 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)

Armament

  • 4,000 kg (8,818 lb) of disposable stores on six
    ATGMs and one or two side-mounted PK machine guns

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

  1. ^ Air Force Magazine. Air Force Association. July 2015. p. 66. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  2. ^ "Strength in numbers: The World's Top 10 military aircraft types". Flightglobal.com. Reed Business Information Limited. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b Mi-8 Helicopter. Development History. mi-helicopter.ru
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-7607-0592-5
    .
  5. ISBN 1-875671-55-2
    .
  6. ^ "Mil Mi-8 – NATO code: HIP". Army.cz. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  7. ^ Karsten Palt. "Mil Mi-8". Flugzeuginfo.net. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  8. ISBN 0-354-00521-9
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-7385-4995-8
    .
  10. ^ "Mil Mi-8". Wiki.scramble.nl. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  11. ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Differences between the First and Second Mi-8 Generation – Helicopter-DataBase".
  13. ^ a b c "CIS region – Авиация в локальных конфликтах". Skywar.ru. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  14. ^ "Special Report : World Air Forces" (PDF). Img.en25.com. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  15. ISBN 978-3-8482-6639-5
    . Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  16. ^ "BBC News – South Sudan army 'shoots down UN helicopter'". BBC News. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  17. ^ "UN helicopter shot down in South Sudan". aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  18. ^ "Russian airline says its helicopter likely shot down in South Sudan". Reuters. 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  19. ^ "Three killed in UN helicopter crash in South Sudan after rebel warning". the Guardian. 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  20. ^ Simon, Michael. (28 June 2010) Chernobyl’s Radioactive Scrapyard Archived 9 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine. RecycleNation. Retrieved on 18 May 2016.
  21. ^ Freeze, Christopher. "Responsing to "the Disaster of the Century"". Check-SIx.com. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  22. YouTube
    2006.
  23. ^ "Special Report: 1997: Chernobyl: Containing Chernobyl?". BBC News. 21 November 1997. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  24. ^ Modernized Mi-8MSB helicopter sets world altitude record, Interfax-Ukraine (16 August 2013)
  25. ^ "Ukrainian Mi-8 shot down near Slavyansk". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  26. ^ "BBC News – Ukraine army helicopter shot down despite ceasefire". BBC News. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  27. ^ "Inside Ukraine's Daring Helicopter Missions Into Russian-Occupied Mariupol". The War Zone. 25 May 2022.
  28. ^ "Russia Says Prevented Ukraine Officers Fleeing Mariupol By Air". 5 April 2022.
  29. ^ "Russian pilot who defected will get $500,000, Ukraine says". Business Insider.
  30. ^ Axe, David. "The Mi-8AMTSh Is One Of Russia's Best Assault Helicopters. A Defector Just Flew One To Ukraine". Forbes. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  31. ^ "'Burns Well, Good Job' – Ukraine Downs Yet Another Russian Helicopter". The Kyiv Post. 16 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  32. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (26 September 2018). "CIA Put The First Mi-17 Chopper It Flew Into Afghanistan After 9/11 In A Museum You Can't Visit". Thedrive.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  33. ^ a b Trevithick, Joseph (17 September 2021). "Russian-Made Mi-17 Helicopter Flown By Secretive U.S. Unit Lands In Farmer's Field". Thedrive.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  34. ^ "European Air-to-Air Victories". Acig.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  35. ^ Military Mi-8 HIP helicopter to fly alongside a Hunter UAV and then have the Door Gunner blast the UAV with his 7.62mm machine gun Archived 8 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. None. Retrieved on 18 May 2016.
  36. ^ @CanadianForces (14 October 2016). "The answer to yesterday's quiz. The Mi-17-V5 helicopter was flown by 427 SOAS in Afghanistan. #CANSOFCOM" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  37. ^ accessed 7 Apr 2021 https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/Canadian-Chinook-Afghanistan/
  38. ^ accesses 7 Apr 2021 https://www.helis.com/database/news/canada_afglease/
  39. ^ accessed 7 Apr 2021https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada-to-lease-russian-made-helicopters-mackay-1.312337
  40. ^ a b "Militants believed to be Houthi rebels seize Japanese tanker in Red Sea". NBC News. 20 November 2023.
  41. ^ https://twitter.com/aldin_aba/status/1726642439967109521?s=46&t=htTigazZMN-4LF0NR06X6g
  42. ^ "Mi-8R". 16va.be. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  43. ^ "[1.0] Mi-8 Variants".
  44. ^ Karpenko, A.V. "The modernized Mi-8MSB (Ukraine)". Bastion-karpenko.ru. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  45. ^ "Motor Sich proposes Ukrainian Mi-8 MSB-V upgrades, new variants | IHS Jane's 360". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "World Air Forces 2013" (PDF). Flightglobal Insight. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  47. ^ Roth, Andrew (25 August 2021). "Taliban have captured more than 100 military helicopters, Russia says". The Guardian.
  48. ^ "Albanian Defense Ministry". Aaf.mil.al. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  49. ^ "A Critical Link". Vertical Mag. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  50. ^ "Mi-8 Medium Utility Helicopter". Flugzeuginfo.net. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  51. ^ "World's Air Forces 1987". Flightglobal.com. p. 59. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  52. ^ "World Air Forces 2019". Flightglobal Insight. 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  53. ^ "World's Air Forces 1987". Flightglobal.com. p. 80. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  54. ^ MilAvia Press. "Order of Battle – Transnistria". Milaviapress.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  55. ^ valerys (18 August 2007). "Tiraspol Flughafen". Panoramio.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  56. ^ "Turk Jandarma Teskilati Mi-8/17". Helis.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  57. ^ "Trade Registers". SIPRI. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  58. ^ "Ceskoslovenske VoJenske Letectvo Mi-17". Helis.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  59. ^ "World's Air Forces 1987". p. 50. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  60. ^ "Mil Mi-8 Hip | Guyana Defence Force". 20 April 2016.
  61. ^ "GM Helicopters fleet". Gmhelicopters.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  62. ^ "World's Air Forces 2004". Flightglobal.com. p. 84. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  63. ^ "World's Air Forces 1987". p. 86. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  64. ^ "World's Air Forces 1987". p. 67. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  65. ISBN 978-0710609878
    .
  66. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

The initial version of this article was based on material from aviation.ru. It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mil Mi-8.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-8&oldid=1217384167"