Mildred Dresselhaus
Mildred Dresselhaus | |
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Carbon nanotubes | |
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Doctoral advisor | Enrico Fermi |
Doctoral students |
Mildred Dresselhaus
Early life and education
Dresselhaus was born on November 11, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York City, the daughter of Ethel (Teichtheil) and Meyer Spiewak, who were Polish Jewish immigrants.[5] Her family was heavily affected by the Great Depression so from a young age Dresselhaus helped provide income for the family by doing piecework assembly tasks at home and by working in a zipper factory during the summer.[6][7] As a grade school student, Dresselhaus' first 'teaching job' was tutoring a special-needs student for fifty cents a week, and she learned how to be a good teacher.[7]
Dresselhaus credited New York's free museums, including the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with sparking her interest in science.[6] She and her brother, Irving Spiewak, were scholarship students at the Greenwich House Music School which introduced her to a different world of musical, artistic and intellectual leanings.[7]
Dresselhaus was raised and attended grade school in the
Experience at Hunter College
Dresselhaus attended Hunter College in New York. Traditionally a women's college, during Dresselhaus's time as a student there, Hunter College's Bronx campus opened itself to a flood of male G.I. Bill beneficiaries.[8] Dresselhaus later explained:
The boys in the science classes were toward the bottom of the class... They always used to come to me for help.... That might be somewhat significant in my story, because I never got the idea in college that science was a man's profession.[9]
While attending Hunter, one of her professors, and future Nobel-Prize-winner
After College
She carried out postgraduate study at the
Career and legacy
Dresselhaus had a 57-year career at the
As the exotic compounds she studied became increasingly relevant to modern science and engineering, she was uniquely positioned to become a world-leading expert and write one of the standard textbooks.[16] Her groundwork in the field led to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolating and characterizing graphene, for which they were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize.[6]
Dresselhaus was awarded the
In 2000–2001, she was the director of the Office of Science at the
Her former students include such notable materials scientists as Deborah Chung,[24] and physicists as Nai-Chang Yeh and Greg Timp.
There are several physical theories named after Dresselhaus. The Hicks-Dresselhaus Model (L. D. Hicks and Dresselhaus)[25] is the first basic model for low-dimensional thermoelectrics, which initiated the whole band field. The Saito-Fujita-Dresselhaus Model (Riichiro Saito, Mitsutaka Fujita, Gene Dresselhaus, and Mildred Dresselhaus)[26] first predicted the band structures of carbon nanotubes. The Dresselhaus effect refers, however, to the spin–orbit interaction effect modeled by Gene Dresselhaus, Mildred Dresselhaus's husband.
Dresselhaus devoted a great deal of time to supporting efforts to promote increased participation of women in physics. In 1971, Dresselhaus and a colleague organized the first Women's Forum at MIT as a seminar exploring the roles of women in science and engineering. In honor of her legacy, the APS created the Millie Dresselhaus Fund to support women in physics.[27] Dresselhaus was the face of a 2017 General Electric television advertisement which asked the question "What if female scientists were celebrities?" aimed to increase the number of women in STEM roles in its ranks.[28]
In 2019, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Board of Directors created the IEEE Mildred Dresselhaus Medal, awarded annually "for outstanding technical contributions in science and engineering, of great impact to IEEE fields of interest."[29]
Contributions to scientific knowledge
Dresselhaus was particularly noted for her work on
With the appearance of lasers in the 1960s, Dresselhaus started to use lasers for magneto-optics experiments, which later led to the creation of a new model for the electronic structure of graphite.[30] A great part of her research dedicates to the study of 'buckyballs' and graphene focusing a great deal in the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes and enhancing thermoelectric properties of nanowires.[31]
Personal life
Her first husband was physicist Frederick Reif.[32] She remarried in 1958 to Gene Dresselhaus who became a well known theoretician and discoverer of the Dresselhaus effect.[33] They had four children – Marianne, Carl, Paul, and Eliot – and five grandchildren.[11]
Honors and awards
- Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science from the ETH Zurich, 2015[34]
- IEEE Medal of Honor, 2015 (first female recipient)
- National Inventors Hall of Fame induction 2014[35]
- Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2014[36]
- Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 2013[37]
- Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2013[38]
- Kavli Prize in Nanoscience, 2012
- Enrico Fermi Award (second female recipient), 2012
- Vannevar Bush Award (second female recipient), 2009
- ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences, 2009
- Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, American Physical Society, 2008
- Oersted Medal, 2007
- L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science, 2007
- Heinz Awardfor Technology, the Economy and Employment, 2005
- IEEE Founders Medal Recipients, 2004
- Karl Taylor Compton Medal for Leadership in Physics, American Institute of Physics, 2001
- Medal of Achievement in Carbon Science and Technology, American Carbon Society, 2001
- Honorary member of the Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2000
- National Materials Advancement Award of the Federation of Materials Societies, 2000
- Honorary doctorate from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, February 2000
- Nicholson Medal, American Physical Society, March 2000[39]
- Weizmann Institute's Millennial Lifetime Achievement Award, June 2000
- SGL Carbon Award, American Carbon Society, 1997
- Member of the American Philosophical Society, 1995[40]
- National Medal of Science, 1990
- Member of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 1985[41]
- Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1974[42]
- Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award, 1977
- Fellow, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters[43]
Selected publications
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (January 2020) |
- Steinbeck, J.; Braunstein, G.; Speck, J.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Huang, C. Y.; Malvezzi, A. M.; Bloembergen, N. (1986). "Analysis of Picosecond Pulsed Laser Melted Graphite". MRS Proceedings. 74. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. ISSN 0272-9172.
- di Vittorio, S.L.; Dresselhaus, M.S.; Endo, M.; Issi, J-P.; Piraux, L. (July 1, 1990). The transport properties of activated carbon fibers (Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). doi:10.2172/6882792.
- Kuriyama, K.; Dresselhaus, M.S. (1991). "Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers". Journal of Materials Research. 6 (5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1040–1047. S2CID 94864974.
- Farmer, J.C.; Barbee, T.W. Jr.; Chapline, G.C. Jr.; Olsen, M.L.; Foreman, R.J.; Summers, L.J.; Dresselhaus, M.S.; Hicks, L.D. (January 20, 1995). Synthesis and evaluation of single layer, bilayer, and multilayer thermoelectric thin films (Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). doi:10.2172/93595.
- M. S. Dresselhaus & P. C. Eklund (2000). "Phonons in carbon nanotubes" (PDF). S2CID 122447852. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Samsonidze; S. G. Chou; G. Dresselhaus; J. Jiang; R. Saito & A. Jorio. "Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube Photo-physics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2, 2006.
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(help) - M. S. Dresselhaus & G. Dresselhaus (2002). "Intercalation Compounds of Graphite" (PDF). S2CID 123597602. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Big Opportunities for Small Objects". .
- M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus and A. Jorio (2004). "Unusual Properties and Structures of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.040203.114607. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 11, 2006.
- M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus; R. Saito; A. Jorio (2005). "Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.10.006. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- M. S. Dresselhaus & H. Dai (2004). "Carbon Nanotubes: Continued Innovations and Challenges". .
- J. Heremans & M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Low Dimensional Thermoelectricity" (PDF). CRC Handbook - Molecular and Nano-electronics: Concepts, Challenges, and Designs. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- M. S. Dresselhaus, R. Saito and A. Jorio (2004). "Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Proceedings of ICPS-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- S. G. Chou; F. Plentz-Filho; J. Jiang; R. Saito; D. Nezich; H. B. Ribeiro; A. Jorio; M. A. Pimenta; G. Samsonidze; A. P. Santos; M. Zheng; G. B. Onoa; E. D. Semke; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Photo-excited Electron Relaxation Process Observed in Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of DNA-wrapped Carbon Nanotube". PMID 15903960.
- M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Nanotubes: a step in synthesis". S2CID 29431916.
- M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Applied Physics: Nanotube Antennas". S2CID 37208770.
- S. B. Fagan; A. G. Souza-Filho; J. Mendes-Filho; P. Corio; M. S. Dresselhaus (2005). "Electronic Properties of Ag- and CrO3-filled Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.091. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- Y. A. Kim; H. Muramatsu; T. Hayashi; M. Endo; M. Terrones; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Thermal Stability and Structural Changes of Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Heat Treatment" (PDF). doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.024. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- G. Samsonidze; R. Saito; N. Kobayashi; A. Gruneis; J. Jiang; A. Jorio; S. G. Chou; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Family Behavior of the Optical Transition Energies in Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes of Smaller Diameters" (PDF). doi:10.1063/1.1829160. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 11, 2006.
- S. G. Chou; H. B. Ribeiro; E. Barros; A. P. Santos; D. Nezich; G. Samsonidze; C. Fantini; M. A. Pimenta; A. Jorio; F. Pletz-Filho; M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus; R. Saito; M. Zheng; G. B. Onoa; E. D. Semke; A. K. Swan; B. B. Goldberg; M. S. Unlu (2004). "Optical Characterization of DNA-wrapped Carbon Nanotube Hybrids" (PDF). doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.117. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 11, 2006.
- E. I. Rogacheva; O. N. Nashchekina; A. V. Meriuts; S. G. Lyubchenko; O. Vekhov; M. S. Dresselhaus; G. Dresselhaus (2005). "Quantum Size Effects in PbTe/SnTe/PbTe Heterostructures". .
- H. Son; Y. Hori; S. G. Chou; D. Nezich; G. Samsonidze; E. Barros; G. Dresselhaus; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Environment Effects on the Raman Spectra of Individual Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes: Suspended and Grown on Polycrystalline Silicon" (PDF). doi:10.1063/1.1818739. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- C. Fantini; A. Jorio; M. Souza; A. J. Mai Jr.; M. S. Strano; M. A. Pimenta; M. S. Dresselhaus (2004). "Optical Transition Energies and Radial Breathing Modes for HiPco Carbon Nanotubes from Raman Spectroscopy" (PDF). PMID 15524844. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 9, 2007.
- S. B. Cronin; A. K. Swan; M. S. Unlu; B. B. Goldberg; M. S. Dresselhaus; M. Tinkham (2004). "Measuring Uniaxial Strain in Individual Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes: Resonance Raman Spectra of AFM Modified SWNTs" (PDF). PMID 15525030. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 11, 2006.
References
- semimetals, and to education.
- ^ a b MIT News Office (February 21, 2017). "Institute Professor Emerita Mildred Dresselhaus, a pioneer in the electronic properties of materials, dies at 86". MIT News. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
- ^ a b Queen of Carbon Science, U.S. News & World Report. By Marlene Cimons, National Science Foundation. July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
- ^ New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
- ISBN 9780837957012.
- ^ S2CID 202945998.
- ^ ISBN 9780262046435.
- ^ "History of Lehman College". lehman.smartcatalogiq.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ M. S. Dresselhaus, interview with S. Sherkow, 7 and 15 June, 11 and 19 August, 13, 20, 22, 24, and 30 September, and 15 October 1976. MIT Archives and Special Collections, Cambridge, MA, USA 18.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Mildred Dresselhaus: Physicist Burst out of 1940s Mold for Smart Women". Wall Street Journal. March 4, 2017. p. A9. Retrieved March 5, 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 978-1-9821-3183-8.
- ^ "80th Birthday Celebration for Mildred Dresselhaus". web.mit.edu. Retrieved April 18, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "SENATE CONFIRMS DRESSELHAUS AS DIRECTOR OF DOE OFFICE OF SCIENCE". U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. July 27, 2000. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "NSF and NSB Pay Tribute to Three Top American Scientists and Public Service Awardees at Annual Ceremony". US National Science Foundation (NSF). Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- OCLC 162571937.
- MIT News Office. November 14, 1990. Archived from the originalon May 2, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
- ^ "National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science". Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- ^ "The Heinz Awards :: Mildred Dresselhaus". heinzawards.net. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ "President Obama Names Scientists Mildred Dresselhaus and Burton Richter as the Enrico Fermi Award Winners". Energy.gov. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ 2012 Kavli Prizes/Mildred S. Dresselhaus/2012 Nanoscience Citation Archived October 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Kavli Foundation. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
- ^ "Obama awards Presidential Medal of Freedom to 18". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- ^ "Search for Famous Inventors | National Inventors Hall of Fame". www.invent.org. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- PMID 28300109.
- PMID 10005469.
- PMID 10003828.
- ^ "Millie Dresselhaus Fund for Science & Society". www.aps.org. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
- ^ Weil, Martin (February 22, 2017). "Mildred Dresselhaus, physicist dubbed 'queen of carbon science,' dies at 86". Retrieved March 4, 2017.
- ^ "IEEE Mildred Dresselhaus Medal". www.ieee.org. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "PhysicsCentral". www.physicscentral.com. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
- ^ "Mildred Dresselhaus: 1930-2017". www.aps.org. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
- S2CID 240784423. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ Halpern, Jane (November 9, 2021). "Gene Dresselhaus, influential research scientist in solid-state physics, dies at 91". MIT News. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- ^ "Doing the right things". ETH Zurich. November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
- ^ "Spotlight | National Inventors Hall of Fame". Invent.org. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- National Archives.
- ^ "PolyU to honour five distinguished personalities at 19th Congregation". The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. September 23, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
- ^ "MIT". Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ "1999 Dwight Nicholson Medal for Outreach Recipient". American Physical Society.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "Mildred S. Dresselhaus". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "Mildred S. Dresselhaus". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "Group 2: Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics". Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
External links
- Freeview video interview with Mildred Dresslhaus by the Vega Science Trust
- Millie Dresselhaus Fund
- Homepage
- "Mildred Dresselhaus: 1930-2017". American Physical Society. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
- Archive of Dresselhaus's MIT page
- Schatz, George C.; ISSN 0897-4756.
- Mildred Dresselhaus Archived December 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America