Military district
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Military districts (also called military regions) are
Algeria
Algeria is divided into six numbered military regions, each with headquarters located in a principal city or town (see
Military region commanders in 2003 included Brahim Fodel Chérif (1st Military Region), Kamel Abderrahmane (2nd Military Region, Abcène Tafer (3rd Military Region), Abdelmadjid Sahed (4th Military Region, Chérif Abderrazak (5th Military Region) and Ali Benali (6th Military Region).[2]
China
Republic of China
There were 76 northern military districts or military regions (軍區), or war areas, which were the largest formations of the National Revolutionary Army, under the Military Affairs Commission, chaired by Chiang Kai-shek during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. During the Second Sino-Japanese War the National Revolutionary Army eventually organized itself into twelve Military Regions.
People's Republic of China
The military regions (originally eleven, then seven) of the People's Liberation Army were divided into military districts (usually contiguous with provinces) and military sub-districts, under the command of the Central Military Commission.
In February 2016, the 7 military regions were changed to 5 theater commands:[3]
- Eastern Theater Command
- Southern Theater Command
- Western Theater Command
- Northern Theater Command
- Central Theater Command
France
Third Republic
Under the Third Republic, a military region comprised several departments which supported an army corps. For many years up to 21 military regions were active.
On 24 July 1873, the French Parliament passed a law which created 18 military regions in metropolitan France.[4] A 19th Army Corps was created in Algeria in September 1873 (see Région militaire [fr]). In 1905, the strength of the Troupes coloniales stationed in the 19 military districts of metropolitan France was reported at 2,123 officers and 26,581 other ranks.[5] In 1946, following the Second World War ten military regions were created or recreated, in accordance with a decree of 18 February 1946. They included the 1st (Paris); 2e (Lille); 3e (Rennes); 4e (Bordeaux); 5e (Toulouse); 6e (Metz); 7e (Dijon); 8th (Lyon); the 9th (Marseille), and the 10th in Algeria. The 10th Military Region (France) supervised French Algeria during the Algerian War.[6]
Fifth Republic
With the evolution of administrative organization, France was divided into regional administrative districts (circa 1963) (administrative region dependent of a prefect of the region). The military organisation then combined the administrative organization and in each CAR corresponded a territorial military division (TMD). On the defence side, these military divisions have been grouped into military regions. Their number varied depending on the period. The current number is six.
The Défense opérationnelle du territoire supervised reserve and home defence activities from 1959[7] to the 1970s.[8] However, by the 1980s the number had been reduced to six: the 1st Military Region (France) with its headquarters in Paris, the 2nd Military Region (France) at Lille, the 3rd Military Region (France) at Rennes, the 4th Military Region (France) at Bordeaux, the 5th at Lyons and 6th at Metz.[9] Each supervised up to five division militaire territoriale – military administrative sub-divisions, in 1984 sometimes supervising up to three reserve regiments each.
In the twenty-first century, under the latest thorough reform of the French security and defence sector, there are seven Zone de défense et de sécurité each with a territorial ground army region: Paris (or Île-de-France, HQ in Paris), Nord (HQ in Lille), Ouest (HQ in Rennes), Sud-Ouest (HQ in Bordeaux), Sud (HQ in Marseille), Sud-Est (HQ in Lyon), Est (HQ in Strasbourg).[10]
Germany
German Reich
Before and during
The Commander of the Infantry Corps with the identical number also commanded the Wehrkreis in peacetime, but command of the Wehrkreis passed to his second-in command at the outbreak of war.
In peacetime, the Wehrkreis was the home to the
Federal Republic of Germany
Until 2013 the German Armed Forces (
Indonesia
The
Military regional commands functioned as a means of circles of defense, or regional defense, to defend the designated islands/provinces under Indonesian territory. Each MRC commander had full authority to begin operations with assets available in the district. MRC commanders have command and autonomy over its military structures and organizations.
Kazakhstan
A Regional Command (Kazakh: Аймақтық қолбасшылық, Aımaqtyq qolbasshylyq; Russian: Региональная команда, Regional'naya komanda) in Kazakhstan operates in a similar fashion to Russian military districts.
The Kazakh Ground Forces are divided into four regional commands:[11]
- Regional Command "Astana" headquartered in Astana
- Regional Command "East" headquartered in Semey
- Regional Command "West" headquartered in Atyrau
- Regional Command "South" headquartered in Taraz
Poland
Initially, right after the
- Kraków Military District (Krakowski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Kraków
- Łódź Military District (Łódzki Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Łódź
- Lublin Military District (Lubelski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Lublin.
- Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań
- Warszawa.
In 1921, due to reorganization, the military districts were replaced with Dowództwo Okręgu Korpusu (DOK – Corps District Command). In the Second Polish Republic there were ten DOKs:
- I – Warszawa
- II – Lublin
- III – Grodno
- IV – Łódź
- V – Kraków
- VI – Lwów
- VII – Poznań
- VIII – Toruń
- IX – Brześć nad Bugiem
- X – Przemyśl
Each DOK consisted of four large units (three infantry divisions and one cavalry brigade).
For district arrangements after World War II see Polish Land Forces. The Kraków Military District disbanded in 1953. From 1999 Poland has been divided into two military districts, the Pomeranian Military District and the Silesian Military District, both were disbanded by the end of 2011.
Russia and the Soviet Union
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire's
Such territorial division provided convenient management of army units, their training and other activities regarding the country's readiness to defend itself.
Soviet Union
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In the USSR, the military districts continued to perform the same role they had done in the Russian Empire, with first six
This increased to 17 military districts of the
During the war the districts were further divided into geographic regions for logistic reasons, these being:[citation needed]
- North and North Western districts
- West and Central USSR districts
- South and South Western districts
- Siberian and Central Asian districts
- Far Eastern districts
After the war, the number was increased to 33 to aid in
By the end of the 1980s, immediately before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there were sixteen military districts, within three to five main strategic Theatre groupings.
Russian Federation
A military district (
From 1992 to 2010, the Armed Forces maintained a diminishing number of former
In 2009–2010, these districts were reorganised into 4 Military Districts comprising regional Joint Strategic Commands.[13] In 2014 Northern Fleet was reorganized into separate Joint Strategic Command.
2024 military districts
- Leningrad Military District with headquarters in Saint Petersburg
- Southern Military District with headquarters in Rostov-on-Don
- Ekaterinburg
- Eastern Military District with headquarters in Khabarovsk
- Moscow Military District with headquarters in Moscow
Sweden
The military district (Swedish: Militärområde, usually abbreviated to Milo) was an administrative division of the Swedish Armed Forces, and was a higher regional level subdivision. The commander of a military district, the Militärområdesbefälhavare (also militärbefälhavare), commanded the Swedish Army divisions stationed in the region, the regional naval command, the regional air defence sector as well as the lower regional level subdivision defence districts that made up the military district. The commander answered directly to the Supreme Commander. The military districts in the modern form were created in 1966, and each district was named according to the geographical area they covered. Several changes were made, such as creating or merging districts, until all military districts were disbanded in 2000. After the Defence Act of 2000 the military districts were replaced by new military districts (Swedish: Militärdistrikt, usually abbreviated to MD). The new military districts corresponded geographically to the former military districts, however, they did not have the same territorial and operational tasks. In 2005, the military districts were replaced to some extent by four Security and Cooperation Sections (Swedish: Säkerhets- och samverkanssektioner).
United Kingdom
British Army regional districts have evolved slowly over the previous 150 years or so. For many years there were regional commands in the UK, including
From 1995, UK commands and later districts were replaced by regenerative divisions.
United States
The military department was a military and administrative command of the US Army.
Present day US military organization is structured around
- United States Africa Command
- United States Central Command
- United States European Command
- United States Indo-Pacific Command
- United States Northern Command
- United States Southern Command
Uzbekistan
Military districts (Uzbek: Harbiy okruglar) of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan are under the jurisdiction of the defense ministry of the republic. In May 2001,[17] the Tashkent Garrison was transformed into the Tashkent Military District.[18] The following are a list of military districts in Uzbekistan:[19]
- Northwest Military District (HQ Nukus)
- Southwest Special Military District (HQ Qarshi)
- Central Military District (HQ Dzhizak)
- Eastern Military District (HQ Ferghana)
- Tashkent Military District (HQ Tashkent)
The replenishment of the ranks of divisions and units in wartime is done by order of the commanders of military districts.[20]
Vietnam
- Hanoi Capital Command: It is directly under the Ministry of Defense of Vietnam; tasked to organize, build, manage and command armed forces defending the capital. The headquarters is in Hanoi.
- Thai Nguyen.
- Viet Tri.
- Hai Phong.
- 4th Military Region: It is directly under the Ministry of Defense of Vietnam; tasked to organize, build, manage and command armed forces defending north central Vietnam. The headquarters is in Vinh.
- western highlands and south central coastal provinces. The headquarters is in Da Nang.
- 7th Military Region: It is directly under the Ministry of Defense of Vietnam; tasked to organize, build, manage and command armed forces defending southeastern Vietnam. The headquarters is in Ho Chi Minh City.
- 9th Military Region: It is directly under the Ministry of Defense of Vietnam; tasked to organize, build, manage and command armed forces defending the Mekong Delta. The headquarters is in Cần Thơ
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam originally had four corps, for example I Corps (South Vietnam). Later they were redesignated Military Regions 1–4.
See also
- Unified Combatant Command
- United States historical military districts
- Fortified district
References
- ^ "Library of Congress Country Study, 1993, 258-260" (PDF). marines.mil.
- ^ Werenfels, p. 186 (fn 51).
- ^ "解放军5大战区公布 习近平授军旗(图)_凤凰资讯". News.ifeng.com.
- ^ Musee du Genie, "Le redressement militaire de la France 1871-1914 Cette évocation s’appuie sur les collections du musée du Génie."
- ^ "L'Armée Coloniale Française.". Les armées du XXe Siècle, supplement illustré (in French). Paris: Le Petit Journal Militaire, Maritime, Colonial. 1905. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Charles R. Shrader, The First Helicopter War: Logistics and Mobility in Algeria, 1954–1962, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, 28–31.
- ^ Bizard, Alain. "La Défense opérationnelle du Territoire (DOT" (PDF).
- ^ Isby & Kamps 1985, p. 162.
- ^ Isby & Kamps 1985, p. 131–133.
- ^ Code de la défense – Article R1211-4 legifrance.gouv.fr
- ^ Vad777. "Kazakh Ground Forces". Archived from the original on 2012-03-24.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ V.I. Feskov et al, The Soviet Army in the Period of the Cold War, Tomsk, 2004
- ^ "Главная : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". www.mil.ru.
- ^ Beevor 1991, p. 232.
- ^ Charles Heyman, 'The British Army: A Pocket Guide 2012-2013', p.31
- ^ "Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920". archives.gov. 15 August 2016.
- ^ "220-II-сон 12.05.2001. O'zbekiston Respublikasining ayrim qonun hujjatlariga o'zgartishlar va qo'shimchalar kiritish to'g'risida".
- ^ Bakhtiyar Kamilov, Formation of Conceptual Approaches to the Problems of Ensuring National Security in Central Asian States - Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Web Hosting, Free Web Site Builder & Domain Name, Web Hosting Made Easy by Brinkster". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2007-09-29., accessed late September 2007 and June 2010
- ^ "478-II-сон 25.04.2003. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari rezervidagi xizmat to'g'risida".
- Beevor, Antony (1991). Inside the British Army. Reading: Corgi Books. ISBN 0552138185.
- Feskov, V.I.; K.A. Kalashnikov; V.I. Golikov (2004). The Soviet Army in the Years of the 'Cold War' (1945–1991). ISBN 5-7511-1819-7.
- Werenfels, Isabelle. Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and Political Change since 1995.