Abkhazian Armed Forces
Abkhazian Armed Forces | ||
---|---|---|
Абџьарирқәу Амҷқәа Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра Вооружённые силы Республики Абхазия | ||
Minister of Defence Colonel General Vladimir Anua | | |
Chief of Staff | Vasily Lunev | |
Personnel | ||
Active personnel | 2,500–3,000 | |
Reserve personnel | 5,000–10,000 | |
Industry | ||
Foreign suppliers | Russia | |
Related articles | ||
History | Military history of Abkhazia Abkhazian War Six-Day War of Abkhazia Kodori Crisis Russo-Georgian War | |
Ranks | Military ranks of Abkhazia |
The Abkhazian Armed Forces (
History
The
Georgia regards the Abkhaz armed forces as "unlawful military formations" and accuses Russia of supplying and training the Abkhaz troops, partly in exchange for Abkhaz land or hotels. The Abkhaz deny this, saying they bought what they have on the free market except for five sea cutters received from Russia and speedboats from the Abkhaz diaspora in
Sosnaliev himself is a Russian officer from the
The Abkhaz military is primarily a ground force but includes small sea and air units. In 2006, an "
On 8 May 2007, Minister of Defence and Vice Premier Sultan Sosnaliyev resigned.[17] He was succeeded as Defence Minister (but not as Vice Premier) by First Deputy Defence Minister Mirab Kishmaria, in an acting fashion from 10 May and permanently from 26 July onwards.[18]
On 14 April 2010, five Deputy Ministers of Defence were retired, including Chief of the Armed Forces Anatoli Zaitsev.[19] Aslan Ankvab was appointed acting First Deputy Minister of Defence and Chief of Staff. On 21 May 2010, Beslan Tsvishba was also appointed First Deputy Minister of Defence.[20] On 29 March 2011, Vladimir Vasilchenko succeeded Aslan Ankvab to become the new, permanent, Chief of Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defence.[21]
On 24 November 2014, the governments of Abkhazia and Russia signed a treaty of cooperation that creates a joint force of troops from the two countries.[22] In September 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved a proposal to finance the modernization of the Abkhazian Armed Forces.[23]
On 18 May 2015, retired Russian army general Anatoly Khrulyov was appointed Chief of the General Staff by President Raul Khajimba.[24]
Organisation
Military leadership
From | # | President | # | Minister of Defence | # | Chief of the General Staff |
1992 | No president | 1 | Vladimir Arshba | 1 | Sultan Sosnaliyev | |
1993 | ||||||
2 | Sultan Sosnaliyev | 2 | Sergei Dbar | |||
1994 | ||||||
1 | Vladislav Ardzinba | |||||
1995 | ||||||
1996 | ||||||
3 | Vladimir Mikanba | 3 | Vladimir Arshba | |||
1997 | ||||||
1998 | ||||||
1999 | ||||||
2000 | ||||||
2001 | ||||||
2002 | ||||||
4 | Raul Khajimba | |||||
2003 | ||||||
5 | Viacheslav Eshba | |||||
2004 | ||||||
2005 | ||||||
2 | Sergei Bagapsh | 6 | Sultan Sosnaliyev | 4 | Anatoli Zaitsev | |
2006 | ||||||
2007 | ||||||
7 | Mirab Kishmaria | |||||
2008 | ||||||
2009 | ||||||
2010 | ||||||
Aslan Ankvab | ||||||
2011 | ||||||
3 | Alexander Ankvab | 5 | Vladimir Vasilchenko | |||
2012 | ||||||
2013 | ||||||
2014 | ||||||
Valeri Bganba | ||||||
4 | Raul Khajimba | |||||
2015 | ||||||
6 | Anatoly Khrulyov |
Structure
It is also divided into the following Military Districts:
- Central Military District (Sukhumi)
- Eastern Military District (Ochamchire)
- Western Military District (Pitsunda)
Branches
Army
According to the authorities of the
It is divided into the following formations:
- General Staff Headquarters
- 1st Motor Rifle Brigade
- 3-4 Motorized rifle battalions
- Tank battalion
- 2nd Motor Rifle Brigade
- 3-4 Motorized rifle battalions
- Tank battalion
- 3rd Motor Rifle Brigade
- 3-4 Motorized rifle battalions
- Tank battalion
- Artillery Regiment
- Engineering Battalion
- Mountain Infantry Battalion
- Intelligence Battalion
- Independent Special Purpose Detachment
The Abkhazian Navy consists of three divisions that are based in Sukhumi, Ochamchire and Pitsunda. Four ships Project 1204 Shmel class PBR, 657 (ex-AK-599), 658 (ex-AK-582), and 328 (ex-AK-248) were transferred from the Russian Navy in the late 1990s.[citation needed] An additional ship ex-AK-527 was also transferred and cannibalized for spares.[citation needed] The three Abkhaz ships did not take part in the 2008 South Ossetia conflict, but their state was unclear. As of 2005 the first two of them had one PSKA Project 1400M Grif ("Zhuk") class PC speed-boats each. The navy also includes several civil vessels that were equipped with guns and unguided rocket artillery systems. NOVOSTI (Russian News & Information Agency) gives the following naval figures: over 20 motor boats armed with machine-guns and small-caliber cannons.
Air Force
The Abkhazian Air Force uses Russian and Soviet-built aircraft. It is a small force, which numbers only 7 aircraft, 3-4 helicopters, and 250 personnel.
Education
- Sukhumi Higher Combined-Arms Command School
- The Combined-Arms Academy of the Ministry of Defense at Abkhaz State University. The main mission of the Combined Arms Academy is to train officers with higher military education. The Combined-Arms Academy was the first military educational institution to which the training of officer personnel in operational-tactical command was given entrusted.[25]
Equipment
The exact numbers and types of equipment remain unverifiable as no thorough international monitoring has ever been carried out in Abkhazia. NOVOSTI (Russian News & Information Agency) gives the following army figures: 10,000-strong Abkhazian Self Defense Force wielding 59 tanks, including 9 T-72s, 92 artillery pieces and mortars, including several dozen with a 122–152-mm caliber and 36 armored vehicles of different types, also has numerous anti-tank weapons ranging from RPG-7 rocket launchers to Konkurs-M anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs).[26] Given the status of Abkhazia and recent armed conflict with Georgia a variety of equipment has been utilized by formations of the Abkhazian military, including inherited Soviet equipment, donated Russian weapons, impressed civilian gear, and items captured from the Georgians.
Armored combat vehicles
Model | Image | Origin | Type | Number | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanks | ||||||
T-72 | Soviet Union Russia |
Main battle tank | 9 | |||
T-55 | Soviet Union | Main battle tank | 35 | 15 lost in the Abkhazia War
Many not able to operate | ||
Infantry fighting vehicles | ||||||
BMP-2 | Soviet Union Russia |
Infantry fighting vehicle | 25 | |||
Armored cars | ||||||
BRDM-2 | Soviet Union | Amphibious armoured scout car | 11 | |||
Anti Air vehicles | ||||||
9K37 Buk | Soviet Union Russia |
Surface-to-air missile system | ||||
ZSU-23-4 Shilka | Soviet Union Russia |
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon | 5 |
Artillery
Model | Image | Origin | Type | Number | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artillery | |||||
BM-21 "Grad" | Soviet Union | Multiple rocket launcher | 14 | ||
122 mm 2A18 | Soviet Union | Field artillery | About 90 towed field artillery pieces are in service (2019).[citation needed] | ||
85 mm D-44 | Soviet Union | Field artillery | |||
120 mm mortar | Soviet Union | Mortar | About 42 mortars are in service; exact types are unspecified.[citation needed] | ||
82 mm mortar | Soviet Union | Mortar | |||
KSM-65 100 mm | Soviet Union | Coastal artillery | In 2008 some were reactivated from storage; exact types and number are unspecified.[27] |
Small arms
Model | Image | Origin | Type | Number | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RPG-18 | Soviet Union | Rocket launcher | |||
RPG-7 | Soviet Union | Rocket launcher | |||
PK | Soviet Union | Machine gun | |||
RPK | Soviet Union | Light machine gun | |||
AS Val
|
Soviet Union | Suppressed assault rifle | |||
AK-74 | Soviet Union | Assault rifle | |||
AKM | Soviet Union | Assault rifle | Reserves only.[citation needed] | ||
AK-47 | Soviet Union | Assault rifle | Reserves only.[citation needed] | ||
Dragunov | Soviet Union | Sniper rifle | |||
Makarov | Soviet Union | Pistol | |||
F-1 | Soviet Union | Hand grenade | |||
RGD-5 | Soviet Union | Hand grenade |
Russian troops
Russia maintains a 3,500-strong force in Abkhazia with its headquarters in Gudauta, a former Soviet military base on the Black Sea coast north of the capital, Sukhumi, under a September 2009 agreement on military cooperation. The Gudauta base hosts Russia's
Symbols
- The Day of the Armed Forces is celebrated on 11 October.[29]
- The cities of Tkvarcheli and Gudauta are considered to be "hero cities" as they were awarded the title of Hero of Abkhazia as a result of their military glory.[30][31][32]
- On 12 July 2018, the Law "On the Banner of Victory in the Patriotic War of the People of Abkhazia 1992–1993" was adopted by deputies of the Parliament, being symbol of the military victory of the Abkhazian Armed Forces.Victory Banner, which was raised by the Red Army soldiers on the Reichstag building on 1 May 1945, the Abkhazian Victory Banner was hoisted on the state border along the Ingur River on 20 September 1993. It is currently maintained by the Ministry of Defense of Abkhazia. The location, order and use of the banner is determined by the President of the nation.[citation needed]
- The Bank of Abkhazia, which responsible for the Abkhazian apsar has issued two coins honoring the Abkhaz military in the patriotic war.
Notes
- Russian-occupied territory.
References
- ^ "11 октября – день создания Вооружённых сил Республики Абхазия | Новости Приднестровья" (in Russian). Novostipmr.com. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ a b В Абхазии отметили 17 годовщину образования Вооруженных Сил республики (in Russian). Администрация Президента Республики Абхазия. 9 October 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
- ^ a b 45,000 according to the Problems of the unrecognised states in the former USSR: South Caucasus Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine by David Petrosyan; 40,000–50,000 according to the Caucasian-style militarism article of the Nezavisimaya Gazeta
- ^ "Вооруженным силам Республики Абхазия – 27 лет – Министерство обороны ПМР". Mopmr.org. 11 October 2019. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Rusiant-Georgian War 1992–93
- ^ Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow by S. A. Chervonnaia and Svetlana Mikhailovna Chervonnaia, pp 12–13
- ^ Abkhazia Today. Archived 2007-05-10 at the Wayback Machine The International Crisis Group. Europe Report N°176 – 15 September 2006, page 23. Free registration needed to view full report
- ^ "RECOMMENDATION 1305 (1996) on the humanitarian situation of the displaced persons in Georgia". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ "Durable Solutions for the Long-Term Displaced". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ "European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – European Union promotes Justice Reform and support to Internally Displaced People in Georgia". Europa.eu. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- ^ Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna. Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia and the Russian Shadow. Gothic Image Publications, 1994
- ^ White Book of Abkhazia. 1992–1993 Documents, Materials, Evidences. Moscow, 1993.
- ^ a b c Abkhazia Today. Archived 2007-05-10 at the Wayback Machine The International Crisis Group Europe Report N°176, 15 September 2006. Retrieved on May 27, 2007. Free registration needed to view full report
- ^ Abkhaz Defense Minister: Our Officers are Trained in Russia. Civil Georgia, Tbilisi. March 25, 2005. Retrieved on May 27, 2007.
- ^ Vladimir Socor Russia doubling its troops in Georgia's Abkhazia region Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, Eurasia Daily Monitor. Volume 5, Number 85. May 5, 2008.
- ^ Regnum.ru, Министр обороны Абхазии ушел в отставку, (Abkhazian minister of defence resigns), 08.05.2007
- ^ "Министр обороны". Кабинет Министров Республики Абхазия. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Министр обороны: "Увольнение ряда заместителей министра обороны произведено в связи с достижением ими предельного возраста пребывания на военной службе и на основании положения о порядке прохождения военной службы"". Apsnypress. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ "Полковник Беслан Цвижба назначен первым заместителем министра обороны". Apsnypress. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ "Владимир Васильченко назначен первым заместителем министра обороны, начальником Генерального штаба Вооруженных сил Абхазии". Apsnypress. 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ [1]. The Guardian. 25 November 2014
- ^ Kolodyazhnyy, Anton; Antidze, Margarita; Balmforth, Tom (23 September 2019). Osborn, Andrew; Osmond, Ed (eds.). "Russia to fund modernization of army in breakaway Georgian region: Putin". Reuters.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has approved a government proposal to bankroll the modernization of the armed forces in the breakaway Georgian region of Abkhazia, a government document published online showed on Monday.
- ^ "Russian Gen. Appointed as Chief of Army of Breakaway Abkhazia". Civil Georgia. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^ Интервью министра обороны Республики Абхазия генерал-полковника Мираба Кишмария[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Степанов, Александр (7 October 2019). "Сухумский фронт. Финансирование армии Абхазии ляжет на российский бюджет". Версия (in Russian). Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map".
- ^ "11 октября – День рождения Абхазской армии". Нужная газета (in Russian). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Город-герой Ткуарчал преображается". Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ "Город Герой — Ткуарчал + 4 водопада — экскурсия на "Тонкостях туризма"". Tonkosti.ru. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Абхазские города Гудаута и Ткуарчал удостоены почетного звания". Vesti.ru. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Принят закон "О Знамени Победы в Отечественной войне народа Абхазии"". Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
Bibliography
- Давид Петросян (David Petrosyan). Проблемы непризнанных государств на постсоветском пространстве: Южный Кавказ (Problems of the unrecognised states in the former USSR: South Caucasus) (in Russian)
- Милитаризм по-кавказски (Caucasian-style militarism), Независимая Газета (Nezavisimaya Gazeta), 13.10.2001 (in Russian)
- Абхазский де-факто министр рассказывает о приоритетах, "Civil.Ge", Tbilisi 2005-01-04 (in Russian)
- Багапш приказал топить грузинские суда, Независимая Газета, 25.07.2005 (in Russian)