Militsiya (Russia)
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Militsiya Милиция России | |
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Abbreviation | MVD |
Agency overview | |
Formed | 20 December, 1990 |
Preceding agency |
|
Dissolved | March 1, 2011 |
Jurisdictional structure | |
National agency | RUS |
Operations jurisdiction | RUS |
Map of the Federal districts of Russia | |
Governing body | Government of Russia |
General nature | |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | Moscow Russia |
Parent agency | Ministry of Internal Affairs |
Website | |
mvd.ru |
The militsiya (Russian: Милиция) was the national police service of Russia from the 1990s until 2011, when it was replaced by the Police of Russia.
History
The Russian MVD was recreated as the MVD of the
The long-time additional duties of the Imperial MVD and NKVD, such as the Firefighting Service and Prisons Service, were recently moved to the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Justice respectively. The last reorganization abolished Main Directorates inherited from the NKVD in favour of Departments. The current minister of internal affairs in Russia is Vladimir Kolokoltsev.
Throughout the first half of the 1990s, the Russian militsiya functioned with minimal funding, equipment, and support from the legal system. The inadequacy of the force became particularly apparent during the wave of organized crime that began sweeping Russia after the beginning of perestroika. Many highly qualified individuals moved from the militsiya into better-paying jobs in the field of private security, which has expanded to meet the demands of companies needing protection, while others joined the organized crime itself. Frequent taking of bribes among the remaining members of the militsiya has damaged the force's public credibility. Numerous revelations of participation by militsiya personnel in murders, prostitution rings, information peddling, and tolerance of criminal acts have created a general public perception that all militsioners are at least taking bribes. Bribery of officers to avoid penalty for traffic violations and petty crimes is a routine and expected occurrence, as well as tortures and abusing of suspects in the custody. Up to 50–80% of suspects were reportedly tortured and beaten in order to extract a "confession."[1]
In a 1995 poll of the public, only 5% of respondents expressed confidence in the ability of the militsiya to deal with crime in their city. Human rights organizations have accused the Moscow militsiya of racism in singling out non-
The Day of Russian Militsiya was held on November 10.
An opinion poll conducted by the Levada Center in early 2010 showed that 30% of Russians more or less trust the militsiya, while 67% more or less fear the institution and its representatives. 63% consider it likely that they will suffer from arbitrary action on the part of the militsiya, while 24% find this unlikely. In Moscow, 99% of the respondents expressed some degree of distrust in the militsiya.[2]
In August 2010, President Dmitry Medvedev introduced new legislation to reform and centralize the funding of the militsiya, as well as to officially change the militsiya's name to "Police" (the term which was used in the Russian Empire).[3] The change was performed on March 1, 2011.
Ranks
According to the country law, the militsiya ranks in Russia were classified as a "special ranks of the law-enforcement service" or "special ranks". Such a ranks are in general equal to the
- militsiya ranks (for Ministry of internal affairs (MVD) personnel working in the general-purpose militsiya service),
- justice ranks (equal to militsya but suffixed with "of justice") – for personnel of the MVD investigatory agency departments,
- internal service ranks (suffixed with "of internal service" – in general such personnel wear the MVD, Ministry of Emergency Situations and civil defense, Peneciary service on the service of: fire guard, migration service, administrative function and other.
In some cases the personnel with the special ranks could be promoted into the military rank. For example, if the officer of militsiya is removing to the
Private Staff | Junior Supervising Staff | ||||||
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Shoulder insignia
for every day uniform |
|||||||
Rank | Private of militsiya | Junior sergeant of militsiya | Sergeant of militsiya | Senior sergeant of militsiya | Starshina of militsiya | Praporshchik of militsiya | Senior praporshchik
of militsiya |
Medium Supervising Staff | Senior Supervising Staff | Supreme Supervising Staff | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoulder insignia
for every day uniform |
||||||||||
Rank | Junior lieutenant of militsiya
|
Lieutenant
of militsiya |
Senior lieutenant
of militsiya |
Captain
of militsiya |
Major of militsiya | Lieutenant colonel
of militsiya |
Colonel of militsiya | Major General of militsiya | Lieutenant General of militsiya | Colonel General of militsiya
|
See also
References
- ISBN 1-56432-244-0.
- Gazeta.ru. February 17, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
- Moscow Times. August 9, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.