Millennium of the Polish State
The Millennium of the Polish State (Polish: Tysiąclecie Państwa Polskiego, literally A Thousand Years of the Polish State) was a national celebration of the Christianization of Poland and the subsequent establishment of the first Polish nation. The celebrations took place over the years 1960–1966 by a resolution of the Sejm in 1958. The inauguration of the jubilee celebrations took place at the plenary session of the National Committee of the Unity Front on 16 February 1960 in Kalisz. The jubilee celebrations were accompanied by the educational program One thousand schools for the 1000th anniversary during which in the years 1959–1972 nearly 1.5 thousand schools were built.[1] It was decided to use the anniversary by both the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and the Polish United Workers' Party for the propaganda in Poland. The church planned the celebration of the millennium of the baptism of Poland while the state authorities strictly commemorated the jubilee of the beginnings of the Polish nation.
Varying interpretations of the anniversary
The anniversary was interpreted in various ways depending on context. While most of the diaspora and the religious Catholic community celebrated the introduction of Christianity in Poland, the Communist-led government of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), which pursued a state policy of atheism, sought to undermine the international celebrations be re-conveying the anniversary as an anniversary of the birth of the Polish nation. In doing so, the PZPR framed the celebrations as a secular and political anniversary instead of a religious one. This caused friction between the PRL and the Vatican, which resulted in Pope Paul VI twice being refused permission to visit Poland in 1966. As British-Polish historian Norman Davies noted, the Church and the PZPR had "rival, and mutually exclusive, interpretations of [Poland's baptism] significance."[2]
Commemorations
Commemorative coins
Commemorative coins were issued in connection with the celebrations. Their designs were prepared for a competition announced by the
Tour of Cardinal Wyszyński
In 1966, Cardinal Primate
Anniversary parade
An anniversary Millennium Parade (Defiladzie Tysiąclecia) was held on 22 July 1966 to coincide with the annual
Youth rally
Over 25,000 Polish youth took part in a youth rally in the capital.[14] The manifestations were sponsored by the Polish Socialist Youth Union.
Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the Millennium celebrations was held at the Congress of Polish Culture on 7-9 October 1966 in Warsaw, which was attended by writers, scientists and activists from all over the country.[15]
Places and memorials
Parks
- Gopło Millennium Park
- Nadgoplański Millennium Park
- Millennium Park in Kraków
- Millennium Park in Leszno
- Millennium Park in Poznań
- Millennium Park in Sosnowiec
- Millennium Park in Toruń
- Millennium Park in Wrocław
- Millennium Park in Zielona Góra
Districts
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Bełchatów
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Biała Podlaska
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Białystok
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Dąbrowa Górnicza
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Gdańsk
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Gniezno
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Jastrzębie-Zdrój
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Katowice
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Koszalin
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Kraków
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Myślenice
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Płock
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Poznań
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Prudnik
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Radomsko
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Siedlce
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Stargard
- Osiedle Tysiąclecia, Zielona Góra
- 1000 Years District in Olkusz
- 1000 Years District in Poniatowa
- 1000 Years District in Rzeszów
- 1000 Years District in Tomaszów Mazowiecki
- 1000 Years District in Wejherowo
- 1000 Years District in Władysławowo
- 1000 Years District in Września
Streets and public spaces
- Aleja Tysiąclecia
- Plac Tysiąclecia, Siedlce
Memorials
Buildings
- Millenium School
- 1000th-Anniversary of Polish State Stadium
Awards
The Badge of the 1000th anniversary of the Polish State (Odznaka 1000-lecia Państwa Polskiego) was unveiled in 1960 by the National Committee of the Unity Front of the Nation to distinguish individuals or organizations for their participation in social activities in connection to the celebration of the Millennium of the Polish State.[16][17][18]
The following individuals have been awarded with the badge:
- Elżbieta Barszczewska
- Jacek Woszczerowicz
- Wieńczysław Gliński
- Ignacy Gogolewski
- Wiesław Gołas
- Kazimierz Dejmek
See also
- 1000th anniversary of the Christianization of Rus'
- 1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State
- Millennium celebrations
References
- ^ Słownik 1970, p. 479.
- ISBN 978-0-231-12817-9. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ "Polish złoty". kiwix. kiwix.org. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Товар не найден".
- ^ U.S. #1313 Polish Millennium MNH Archived 14 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Millenium Poloniae Christianae, 966—1966. // Rome: Centralny Ośrodek Duszpasterstwa Emigracji. — 1966. — p. 335
- ^ "Defilada tysiąclecia - partyjne obchody milenium - zdjęcie nr 7".
- ^ Publicznej, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej--Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Biuro Edukacji (December 6, 2006). "Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej". Instytut – via Google Books.
- ISBN 9788387833497– via Google Books.
- ^ "Niesamowita Defilada Tysiąclecia. Tak to wyglądało w 1966 [WIDEO] | Warszawa W Pigułce". August 16, 2015.
- ^ "Kronika RP".
- ^ "MySQL Fatal Error". phistory.info.
- ^ "Jak wyglądała największa parada wojskowa w historii Polski". 19 July 2016.
- ^ Agency, United States Central Intelligence (December 6, 1966). "Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts" – via Google Books.
- ^ Tadeusz Łepkowski, Słownik historii Polski. Warszawa 1973, s.505
- ^ Wyróżnienie dla sanockich harcerzy. Wydaw. Prasowe RSW „Prasa”. 12 October 1966.
- ^ asnieg.klub.chip.pl
- ^ "1000 lecie Państwa Polskiego".
- Łopatka, Adam; et al., eds. (1970). Słownik wiedzy obywatelskiej [Civic Knowledge Dictionary] (in Polish). Warsaw: PWN. OCLC 835855730.
External links
- Polska Kronika Filmowa – Defilada Tysiąclecia – Warszawa 22 lipca 1966 r.
- CAŁA DEFILADA TYSIĄCLECIA PAŃSTWA POLSKIEGO/MILLENNIUM OF THE POLAND - PARADE (1966)
- Polish Millenium Parade 966 - 1966 (English subtitles)
- Milenium czy tysiąclecie?
- PRL: Monety obiegowe. Tysiąclecie Państwa Polskiego – Mieszko i Dąbrówka, nominał