Minidoka National Historic Site
Minidoka National Historic Site | |
---|---|
Location | Hunt, Idaho, U.S. |
Nearest city | Eden |
Coordinates | 42°40′43″N 114°14′39″W / 42.67861°N 114.24417°W |
Area | 210 acres (85 ha)[1] |
Authorized | January 17, 2001[2] |
Governing body | National Park Service |
Website | Minidoka National Historic Site |
Minidoka National Historic Site | |
U.S. National Historic Site |
Minidoka National Historic Site is a
Located in the
Minidoka War Relocation Center
The Minidoka War Relocation Center operated from 1942 to 1945 as one of ten camps at which
The
The Minidoka War Relocation Center consisted of 44 blocks of housing. Each block contained 12 barracks (which themselves were divided into 6 separate living areas), laundry facilities, bathrooms, and a mess hall. Recreation Halls in each block were multi-use facilities that served as both worship and education centers. Minidoka had a high school, a junior high school and two elementary schools - Huntsville and Stafford.[9] The Minidoka War Relocation Center also included two dry cleaners, four general stores, a beauty shop, two barber shops, radio and watch repair stores as well as two fire stations.[10]
In June 1942, the War Department authorized the formation of the 100th Infantry Battalion consisting of 1,432 men of Japanese descent in the Hawaii National Guard and sent them to Camps McCoy and Shelby for advanced training.[11] Because of its superior training record, FDR authorized the formation of the 442nd RCT in January 1943 when 10,000 men from Hawaii signed up with eventually 2,686 being chosen along with 1,500 from the mainland.[12] The Minidoka Internees created an Honor Roll display to acknowledge the service of their fellow Japanese-Americans.[9] According to Echoes of Silence,[13] 844 men from this camp volunteered or were drafted for military service.[14] Although the original was lost after the war, the Honor Roll was recreated by the Friends of Minidoka group in 2011 following a grant from the National Park Service.[15]
Terminology
Since the end of World War II, there has been debate over the terminology used to refer to Minidoka, and the other camps in which
National Historic Site
The
The National Park Service began a three-year public planning process in the fall of 2002 to develop a General Management Plan (GMP) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).[citation needed] The General Management Plan sets forth the basic management philosophy for the Monument and provides the strategies for addressing issues and achieving identified management objectives that will guide management of the site for the next 15–20 years.[citation needed]
In 2006, President George W. Bush signed H.R. 1492 into law on December 21, guaranteeing $38 million in federal money to restore the Minidoka relocation center along with nine other former Japanese internment camps.[22]
Less than two years later on May 8, 2008, President Bush signed the
The Lava Ridge Wind Project has been proposed to be close to the Minidoka site.[25]
Notable Minidoka incarcerees
- Kichio Allen Arai (c. 1901 – 1966), an architect.
- Paul Chihara (born 1938), an American composer.
- May Mayko Ebihara (1934–2005), an anthropologist.
- Ken Eto (1919–2004), a Japanese American mobster with the Chicago Outfit and eventually an FBI informant.
- Fumiko Hayashida (1911–2014), an American activist. Also interned at Manzanar.
- Tule Lake.
- Tule Lake.
- Joseph Kitagawa (1915–1992), professor at the University of Chicago, known for his work in the history of religions
- Fujitaro Kubota (1879–1973), an American gardener and philanthropist.
- pictorialist photographer, and a founder of the Seattle Camera Club. Also detained at Camp Harmony.
- Aki Kurose (1925–1998), a Seattle teacher and civil rights activist.
- Dr Kyo Koike (1878–1947), a respected surgeon and poet, who also was a noted photographer and a founder of the Seattle Camera Club.
- John Matsudaira (1922–2007), an American painter.
- Mich Matsudaira (1937–2019), an American businessman and civil rights activist.
- Shig Murao (1926–1999), a San Francisco clerk who played a prominent role in the San Francisco Beat scene.
- Mako Nakagawa (1937–2021), a Japanese American educator and former director of the Japanese American Cultural Heritage Program and the Rainbow Program
- William K. Nakamura (1922–1944), a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the Medal of Honor.
- George Nakashima (1905–1990), a Japanese American woodworker, architect, and furniture maker.
- Mira Nakashima (born 1942), an architect and furniture maker.
- Kenjiro Nomura (1896–1956), a Japanese-American painter.
- Frank Okada (1931–2000), an American Abstract Expressionist painter.
- John Okada (1923–1971), a Japanese American writer.
- James Sakamoto (1903–1955), a journalist, boxer and community organizer.
- Tule Lake.
- Bell M. Shimada (1922–1958), an American fisheries scientist.
- Roger Shimomura (born 1939), an American artist and Professor of Art (ret).
- Monica Sone (1919–2011), a Japanese American novelist.
- Gary A. Tanaka (born 1943), a Japanese American businessman.
- Kamekichi Tokita (1897–1948), a Japanese American painter and diarist.
- Tama Tokuda (1920–2013), a performer and writer.
- Chiye Tomihiro (1924–2012), an activist.
- Mary Mon Toy (1916–2009), a Japanese-American actress, showgirl, and secretary.
- Herbert T. Ueda (1929–2020), an American ice drilling engineer.
- Newton K. Wesley (1917–2011), an optometrist and an early pioneer of the contact lens[26]
- Kenji Yamada (1924-2014), a two-time U.S. National Judo champion
- Mitsuye Yamada (born 1923), a Japanese American writer.
- Tule Lake and Manzanar.
- Minoru Yasui (1916–1986), a Japanese American lawyer who challenged the constitutionality of curfews used during World War II in Yasui v. United States.
See also
- National Parks in Idaho
- Amache National Historic Site
- Kooskia Internment Camp
- Manzanar
- Tule Lake National Monument
- Camp Rupert, a nearby facility for Italian and German prisoners of war
- Minidoka Irrigator (Minidoka internment camp newspaper)
- War Relocation Authority
- Other camps:
References
- ^ "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved December 14, 2012. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
- ^ a b c Proclamation 7395 - Establishment of the Minidoka Internment National Monument. by President Bill Clinton
- ^ a b "Minidoka," Archived 19 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Hanako Wakatsuki. Densho Encyclopedia, 10 June 2013.
- ^ 粂井, 輝子 (2017). "Nisei Daughterの母の歌 : 第二次大戦中の短歌を中心に". 言語・文学研究論集. 17: 29–40.
『ミネドーカイリゲータ』(Minidoka the lrrigator)1942年10月2日~45年7月28日まで,マイクロフィルムとして閲覧可能である.Minidokaはミネドカ,ミニドカ,峰土香,峯土香などと表記される.日本語紙面は限られており,短歌の掲載は少ない.
- ^ "Friends of Minidoka: Japanese American Internment during World War II". Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
- ^ National Park Service Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine - history - Anderson Ranch Dam & Powerplant, Idaho - accessed 2012-02-09
- ^ "Idaho: Minidoka Internment National Historic Site". www.nps.gov. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
- ^ Stene, Eric A. (1997). "The Minidoka Project" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2012.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "National Park Service: Confinement and Ethnicity (Chapter 9)". Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
- ^ "100th Infantry Battalion | Densho Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
- ^ "442nd Regimental Combat Team | Densho Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
- ^ "Japanese American Living Legacy - A California Non-Profit Organization". Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
- ^ "Dropbox - Error".
- ^ "Rebuilding the Honor Roll at Minidoka". Friends or Minidoka. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ^ "The Manzanar Controversy". Public Broadcasting System. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- JSTOR 3054440. Archived from the originalon December 29, 2002. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ Ito, Robert (September 15, 1998). "Concentration Camp Or Summer Camp?". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
- ^ Reflections: Three Self-Guided Tours Of Manzanar. Manzanar Committee. 1998. pp. iii–iv.
- ^ "CLPEF Resolution Regarding Terminology". Civil Liberties Public Education Fund. 1996. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ "Densho: Terminology & Glossary: A Note On Terminology". Densho. 1997. Archived from the original on June 24, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
- ^ "H.R. 1492". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. Archived from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
- ^ Pacific Citizen Staff, Associated Press (May 16, 2008). "Bush Signs Bill Expanding Borders of Minidoka Monument". Japanese American Citizens League. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ Stahl, Greg (May 14, 2008). "Congress Expands Minidoka Site". Idaho Mountain Express. Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ^ Lava Ridge Wind Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) (Report). January 18, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- ^ "Newton K. Wesley: 1917-2011 Eye care pioneer helped evolve contact lenses". Chicago Tribune. July 25, 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
External links
- Japanese Relocation (1943 FILM- viewable for free at not-for profit- The Internet Archive)
- Official Park Service site
- Wakatsuki, Hanako. "Densho Encyclopedia: Minidoka". encyclopedia.densho.org. Densho. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- Wakida, Patricia. "Densho Encyclopedia: Minidoka Irrigator (newspaper)". encyclopedia.densho.org. Densho. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
- Minidoka Relocation Center historical photographs at the University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections
- Paintings of Minidoka by Ed Tsutakawa
- Arthur Kleinkopf diary, MSS 1736 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University. Contains information about internee's daily life at the Minidoka relocation camp.