Minimalist film
Minimalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of minimalism.
Background
In film, minimalism usually is associated with filmmakers such as Robert Bresson, Chantal Akerman, Carl Theodor Dreyer, and Yasujirō Ozu. Their films typically tell a simple story with straightforward camera usage and minimal use of score. Paul Schrader named their kind of cinema: "transcendental cinema".[1] In the present, a commitment to minimalist filmmaking can be seen in film movements such as Dogme 95, mumblecore, and the Romanian New Wave. Abbas Kiarostami,[2] Elia Suleiman,[3] and Kelly Reichardt are also considered minimalist filmmakers.
The Minimalists – Joshua Fields Millburn, Ryan Nicodemus, and Matt D'Avella – directed and produced the film Minimalism: A Documentary,[4] which showcased the idea of minimal living in the modern world.
Notable filmmakers
This type of film includes the works of directors like:
- Tsai Ming-Liang[5]
- Robert Bresson[6]
- Chloé Zhao[7]
- Kelly Reichardt[8]
- Yasujirō Ozu[9][10]
- Andy Warhol[13]
- Morgan Fisher[14]
- Don Hertzfeldt[15]
- James Benning[16]
- Jafar Panahi[17]
- Jim Jarmusch[18]
- Alexander Sokurov[19]
- Norman McLaren[20]
- Paul Driessen[21]
- Michelangelo Antonioni[22]
- Hollis Frampton[23]
- Peter Roehr[24]
- Ernie Gehr[25]
- John Cassavetes[26]
- Walter Hill[27]
- John Carpenter[28][29]
- Don Siegel[30]
- Michael Snow[31][32]
- Larry Gottheim[33]
- Abbas Kiarostami[34][35]
- Louis Malle[36]
List of notable minimalist films
20th century
- Carl Theodore Dreyer, 1928)
- Dots (Norman McLaren, 1940)
- Paisan (Roberto Rossellini, 1946)
- Rope (Alfred Hitchcock, 1948)
- I Shot Jesse James (Samuel Fuller, 1949)
- Gerald McBoing Boing(Robert Cannon, 1951)
- Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (Jacques Tati, 1953)
- The Tell Tale Heart (Ted Parmelee, 1953)
- Tokyo Story (Yasujirō Ozu, 1953)
- Billy Boy (Tex Avery, 1954)
- The Big Combo (Joseph H. Lewis, 1955)
- Carl Theodore Dreyer, 1955)
- A Man Escaped (Robert Bresson, 1956)
- The Red Balloon (Albert Lamorisse, 1956)
- 12 Angry Men (Sidney Lumet, 1957)
- Elevator to the Gallows (Louis Malle, 1958)
- Plan 9 from Outer Space (Ed Wood, 1959)
- Surogat (Dušan Vukotić, 1961)
- An Autumn Afternoon (Yasujirō Ozu, 1962)
- Eegah (Arch Hall Sr., 1962)
- Winter Light (Ingmar Bergman, 1963)
- Diamonds of the Night (Jan Němec, 1964)
- Fail Safe (Sidney Lumet, 1964)
- Red Desert (Michelangelo Antonioni, 1964)
- Au Hasard Balthazar (Robert Bresson, 1966)
- Mouchette (Robert Bresson, 1967)
- Playtime (Jacques Tati, 1967)
- Wavelength (Michael Snow, 1967)
- The Fly (Vladimir Jutrisa and Aleksandar Marks, 1968)
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (Stanley Kubrick, 1968)
- Surface Tension (Hollis Frampton, 1968)
- Bambi Meets Godzilla (Marv Newland, 1969)
- Lemon (Hollis Frampton, 1969)
- Serene Velocity (Ernie Gehr, 1970)
- Duel (Steven Spielberg, 1971)
- Two-Lane Blacktop (Monte Hellman, 1971)
- Silent Running (Douglas Trumbull, 1972)
- Rene Laloux, 1973)
- Dark Star (John Carpenter, 1974)
- Sisyphus (Marcell Jankovics, 1974)
- Chantal Ackerman, 1975)
- Assault on Precinct 13 (John Carpenter, 1976)
- Taxi Driver (Martin Scorsese, 1976)
- David (Paul Driessen, 1977)
- Suspiria (Dario Argento, 1977)
- Days of Heaven (Terrence Malick, 1978)
- The Driver (Walter Hill, 1978)
- Halloween (John Carpenter 1978)
- Mad Max (George Miller, 1979)
- My Dinner with Andre (Louis Malle, 1981)
- Zbig Rybczynski, 1981)
- Liquid Sky (Slava Tsukerman, 1982)
- Koyaanisqatsi (Godfrey Reggio, 1983)
- Secret Honor (Robert Altman, 1984)
- Stranger Than Paradise (Jim Jarmusch, 1984)
- Down by Law (Jim Jarmusch, 1986)
- Full Metal Jacket (Stanley Kubrick, 1987)
- Swimming to Cambodia (Jonathan Demme, 1987)
- Jan Svankmajer, 1988)
- Aki Kaurismaki, 1989)
- The Seventh Continent (Michael Haneke, 1989)
- The Match Factory Girl, (Aki Kaurismäki, 1990)
- Metropolitan (Whit Stillman, 1990)
- Blue (Derek Jarman, 1993)
- Chungking Express (Wong Kar-wai, 1994)
- Kevin Smith, 1994)
- Before Sunrise (Richard Linklater, 1995) and the sequels Before Sunset (2004) and Before Midnight (2013)
- Safe (Todd Haynes, 1995)
- Gattaca (Andrew Niccol, 1997)
- Little Dieter Needs to Fly (Werner Herzog, 1997)
- A Taste of Cherry (Abbas Kiarostami, 1997)
- Festen (Thomas Vinterberg, 1998)
- American Beauty (Sam Mendes, 1999)
- The Blair Witch Project (Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez, 1999)
- The Wind Will Carry Us (Abbas Kiarostami, 1999)
21st century
- Cast Away (Robert Zemeckis, 2000)
- In the Mood for Love (Wong Kar-wai, 2000)
- Y tu mamá también (Alfonso Cuarón, 2001)
- Tape (Richard Linklater, 2001)
- Gus van Sant, 2002)
- Ten (Abbas Kiarostami, 2002)
- Dogville (Lars von Trier, 2003)
- Open Water (Chris Kentis, 2003)
- The Triplets of Belleville (Sylvain Chomet, 2003)
- Jared Hess, 2004)
- Brick (Rian Johnson, 2005)
- The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (Cristi Puiu, 2005)
- Hard Candy (David Slade, 2005)
- Old Joy (Kelly Reichardt, 2006)
- I'm Not There (Todd Haynes, 2007)
- Once (John Carney, 2007)
- There Will Be Blood (Paul Thomas Anderson, 2007)
- Baghead (Jay and Mark Duplass, 2008)
- WALL-E (Andrew Stanton, 2008)
- Wendy and Lucy (Kelly Reichardt, 2008)
- 500 Days of Summer (Marc Webb, 2009)
- Moon (Duncan Jones, 2009)
- 127 Hours (Danny Boyle, 2010)
- Beyond the Black Rainbow (Panos Cosmatos, 2010)
- Winter's Bone (Debra Granik, 2010)
- Hanna (Joe Wright, 2011)
- Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2011)
- Bela Tarr, 2011)
- It's Such a Beautiful Day (Don Hertzfeldt, 2012)
- The Master (Paul Thomas Anderson, 2012)
- Moonrise Kingdom (Wes Anderson, 2012)
- J.C. Chandor, 2013)
- Gravity (Alfonso Cuarón, 2013)
- Her (Spike Jonze, 2013)
- Locke (Steven Knight, 2013)
- Only Lovers Left Alive (Jim Jarmusch, 2013)
- Under the Skin (Jonathan Glazer, 2013)
- Visitors (Godfrey Reggio, 2013)
- Ex Machina (Alex Garland, 2014)
- It Follows (David Robert Mitchell, 2014)
- The Killing of a Sacred Deer (Yorgos Lanthimos, 2015)
- The Revenant (Alejandro González Iñárritu, 2015)
- Room (Lenny Abrahamson, 2015)
- Certain Women (Kelly Reichardt, 2016)
- My Life as a Zucchini (Claude Barras, 2016)
- Michael Dudok de Wit, 2016)
- 10 Cloverfield Lane (Dan Trachtenberg, 2016)
- Lady Bird (Greta Gerwig, 2017)
- The Rider (Chloé Zhao, 2017)
- A Quiet Place (John Krasinski, 2018)
- Roma (Alfonso Cuarón, 2018)
- Away (Gints Zilbalodis, 2019)
- First Cow (Kelly Reichardt, 2019)
- Sound of Metal (Darius Marder, 2019)
- Michael Govier, 2020)
- Minari (Lee Isaac Chung, 2020)
- Nomadland (Chloé Zhao, 2020)
- Wolfwalkers (Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart, 2020)
- The Woman Who Ran (Hong Sang-soo, 2020)
- Belfast (Kenneth Branagh, 2021)
- Drive My Car (Ryusuke Hamaguchi, 2021)
- The Tragedy of Macbeth (Joel Coen, 2021)
- Marcel the Shell with Shoes On (Dean Fleischer Camp, 2022)
- My Year of Dicks (Sara Gunnarsdóttir, 2022)
- Saint Omer (Alice Diop, 2022)
- Tár (Todd Field, 2022)
- Women Talking (Sarah Polley, 2022)
- Fallen Leaves (Aki Kaurismäki, 2023)
- Past Lives (Celine Song, 2023)
- Perfect Days (Wim Wenders, 2023)
- Robot Dreams (Pablo Berger, 2023)
- Showing Up (Kelly Reichardt, 2023)
Sources
[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]
[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]
[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126]
[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][21][134]
[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][29][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162]
See also
- Arthouse animation
- Maximalist film
- Postmodernist film
- Slow cinema
- Minimalist music
- Art film
- American Eccentric Cinema
- Modernist film
- Arthouse musical
- Vulgar auteurism
- Indiewood
References
- ^ Paul Schrader on Revisiting Transcendental Style in Film. 2017 Toronto International Film Festival – via YouTube.
- ^ "Taste of Cherry". Cinematheque. Cleveland Institute of Art. September 2016. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Gautaman Bhaskaran (2019-10-23). "It Must Be Heaven: Elia Suleiman's sardonic take on the world". Arab News. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ "Films by The Minimalists". The Minimalists. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
- ^ Goodbye, Dragon Inn - Metrograph
- ^ The Films Of Robert Bresson: A Retrospective|IndieWire
- ^ The art of Chloe Zhao, Arts - THE BUSINESS TIMES
- ^ Kelly Reichardt: Powerfully Observant|MoMA
- ^ The Beginner's Guide: Yasujiro Ozu, Director|Film Inquiry
- ^ The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Directed by The Archers|Talk Cinema
- ^ Minimalism and art-cinema narration in Gus van Sant's Gerry, Elephant and Last Days - Iowa State University
- ^ The Tarkovsky legacy: Andrei Tarkovsky and his arthouse impact|Sight & Sound|BFI
- ^ Warhol Film Screening——Minimalism and Seriality: Part II|Whitney Museum of American Art
- ^ One Sound After Another: Film and West Coast Minimalism|Walker Art Center
- ^ The Burden of Other People's Thoughts: Don Hertzfeldt Talks ‘World of Tomorrow Episode Two’|Animation World Network
- ^ The Love Witch director Anna Biller: ‘I’m in conversation with the pornography all around us’|Movies|The Guardian
- ^ Review: From Iran, '3 Faces' Finds Nuance In The Clash Of Old And New : NPR
- ^ FILM VIEW; The Giddy Minimalism of Jim Jarmusch - The New York Times
- ^ Bloomsbury Collections - The Cinema of Alexander Sokurov
- ^ Norman McLaren - Google Books (pg.140)
- ^ a b "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1977 -". cartoonresearch.com.
- ^ The Master of Minimalism / Retrospective of filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni's innovative films spans six decades - SFGATE
- ^ A Hollis Frampton Odyssey Blu-ray Review | High Def Digest
- ^ Pop cinema: aesthetic conversations between art and the moving-image - ERA
- ^ J. Hoberman on Ernie Gehr - Artfourm International
- ^ HUSBANDS: Saturdays are for the Boys - Hyperreal Film Club
- ^ Talking Screens, December 16-22, 2022: “All The Beauty and The Bloodshed” is One of the Year’s Finest | “Bardo” is a Small Story Told on an Immense Canvas - Newcity Film
- ^ Movies Don’t Scare Me: A Decade of John Carpenter|In Review Online
- ^ a b John Carpenter: Father of the Slasher Film | The VICE Guide To Film - VICE on YouTube
- ^ Clint Eastwood: Immovable Boulder|In Review Online
- ^ Light Cone - Michael Snow
- ^ Michael Snow obituary: Canadian giant of experimental cinema|BFI
- ^ Light Cone - FIVE FILMS BY LARRY GOTTHEIM
- ^ Abbas Kiarostami: Life as Art|BAMPFA
- ^ What Makes Kiarostami a Modern Master? Start Here - The New York Times
- ^ Louis Malle: Docs
- ^ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema
- ^ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
- ^ Best Minimalist Movies|12 Top Minimalism Films Ever - Cinemaholic
- ^ 10 Minimalist Horror Movies|The Young Folks
- ^ 6 Minimalist Sci Fi Movies to Watch - TectoGizmo
- ^ 20 Minimalist Movies Which Redefined Film-Making - Storypick
- ^ 'Roma' Is Painfully Beautiful|PopMatters
- ^ Industrial Arts: Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert and Minimalism and Land Art - National Gallery of Art
- ^ Look of the Week: the sleek futuristic minimalism of Gattaca|SYFY WIRE
- ^ 9 Minimalist Films That Will Open Your Eyes - Minimal Daily
- ^ Repast is prologue - Los Angeles Times
- ^ Minimalism Takes Flight : Hyperallergic
- ^ The Best Movies of 2020|IndieWire
- ^ 20 Most Underrated Movies of the Decade (2010-2019) - The Cinemaholic
- ^ The Best Independent Films of 2020|Flickering Myth
- ^ Acting Naturally — Point of View Magazine
- ^ THE WOMAN WHO RAN (2020) REVIEW – HONG SANG-SOO’S TYPICALLY SUBTLE AND PLAYFULLY KNOTTY DRAMA - High On Films
- ^ 'Away' review - The Hollywood Reporter
- ^ Here Are Six Indie Animated Features That Deserve An Oscar Nomination This Year|Cartoon Brew
- ^ ORIGINAL-CIN YEAR IN REVIEW: 2020’S BEST AND WORST MOVIES —— Original Cin
- ^ This new Netflix short shows how parents grieve after a tragedy - Legacy.com
- ^ Minimalist movies: 5 different approach|Yapim Ekibi
- ^ BEYOND THE BLACK RAINBOW — Film Review — ZekeFilm
- ^ Interview: “Beyond The Black Rainbow” Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Bizarre Sci-Fi/Horror Fever Dream|Complex
- ^ That's not my finger! and the rest of this week's movies|Bleader
- ^ Chantal Akerman: celebrating the exquisite cinematic moments of a tremendous talent|Chantal Akerman|The Guardian
- ^ Review|This '50s Danish flick will keep you on your toes - The Crimson White
- ^ Yasujiro Ozu: like Austen, he tells the same satisfying story again and again|Movies|The Guardian
- ^ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
- ^ The Rise of Minimalist Filmmaking, and Analysis of Best Picture of Best Picture Oscar Winner 'Nomadland' - Hollywood Insider
- ^ Gerry|NW Film Center
- ^ Androgyny and aliens in eighties cult film 'Liquid Sky' on Amazon Prime Video - Stream On Demand
- ^ Toronto Review: Godfrey Reggio Celebrates 30 Years Since 'Koyaanisqatsi' With Extraordinary Philip Glass-Scored 'Visitors'|IndieWire
- ^ After Koyaanisqatsi, Godfrey Reggio's Visitors : The Conversation
- ^ Jim Jarmusch|AV Club
- ^ Baghead - CINEMABLEND
- ^ Baghead - Paste
- ^ Indie film pulls nothing interesting out of the bag - Baltimore Sun
- ^ An exploration of foreign films: Unique cinematography and minimalist themes distinguish ‘Tokyo Story’|The Stanford Daily
- ^ 10 Essential Aki Kaurismaki Films - High On Films
- ^ 10 essential films from the 'Minimalist' genre|Far Out Magazine
- ^ Abbas Kiarostami: sophisticated, self-possessed master of cinematic poetry|Abbas Kiarostami|The Guardian
- ^ TASTE OF CHERRY|Cleveland Institute of Art
- ^ Scott MacDonald on Hollis Frampton - Artfourm International
- ^ In Hollis Frampton's 'Surface Tension', a Stroll Through 1968 New York, in 160 Seconds - The New York Times
- ^ The Complete Works of Influential Experimental Filmmaker Michael Snow Come to New York - Hyperallergic
- ^ Duel at 50: Steven Spielberg's debut remains a ferocious thriller|Steven Spielberg|The Guardian
- ^ Denis Villeneuve's Dune Shows the Limits of the Filmmaker's Sci-Fi|Collider
- ^ The Red Turtle review — rapturous minimalism from Studio Ghibli|Film|The Guardian
- ^ The Best 90s Movies|Incredible Films From The 1990s|Time Out
- ^ Why Critics Hate the Movies You Love|The Young Ones
- ^ The Woman Who Ran (2020)|MUBI
- ^ Film of the week:Certain Women, Kelly Reichardt's minimalist Montana triptych|BFI
- ^ A Brief Introduction to the Remarkable Films of Kelly Reichardt|AnOther Magazine
- ^ 'Koyaanisqatsi' renews emotion in minimalist film - Deseret News
- ^ The 50 Best First Films Ever Made - MTV
- ^ A Century of Inspiration - The American Cinematographer
- ^ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Page 2 — Taste of Cinema
- ^ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Taste of Cinema
- ^ 10 Films That Prove That Silence Is Golden|Collider
- ^ 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' is magnificent as it is minimalist - The Boar
- ^ Enter the Nightmarish World of Joel Coen's 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' - The Atlantic
- ^ Maslin, Janet (September 15, 1999). "'American Beauty': Dad's Dead, and He's Still a Funny Guy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ Film review: Coen takes a bold approach to filming 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' — Sightlines
- ^ Ernie Gehr's 'Serene Velocity', 'The Red Shoes', 'Dog House' and more: Beyond the Multiplex - oregonlive.com
- ^ FILM NOTES - The Washington Post
- ^ Brick: How Rian Johnson Used Film Noir to Depict High School - MovieWeb
- ^ Winter's Bone: How the Barren Sights and Sounds Create Fear|Collider
- ^ Movies That Did Wonders With a Budget of Under $1 Million|Collider
- ^ The 50 Best Movies on HBO Max Right Now - The New York Times
- ^ Is this the worst film ever made? - BBC Culture
- ^ Jenny Slate on voicing the melancholy "Marcel the Shell" and creating a laugh "that's not creepy"|Salon.com
- ^ The Harry Potter Directors' Best Movies (Not In The Wizarding World), According to IMDb
- ^ 100 Greatest Animated Shorts / Gerald McBoing Boing / Robert Cannon - Skwigly Animation Magazine
- ^ When Magoo Flew - Google Books (pg.106)
- ^ Begone Dull Care – Senses of Cinema
- ^ Bringing a John Cassavetes Classic to the Stage With a Volcanic Performance - Hyperallergic
- ^ Artist of the week 20: Michael Snow|Culture|The Guardian
- ^ Spike & Mike's Animation Fest Is Back - The Santa Barbara Independent
- ^ "Horror's Minimalist Masterpiece: 'Halloween'".
- ^ 10 Best Animated Films That Should Have Been Nominated For Best Picture|Collider
- ^ “It’s a Pretty Unambiguous Condemnation of a New Age Answer to Life’s Problems”: Writer/Director Todd Haynes on Safe|Filmmaker Magazine
- ^ Todd Haynes’s Out-of-Time City Symphony “Wonderstruck” Lives Up to Its Name - The Village Voice
- ^ Safe: Nowhere to Hide|Current|The Criterion Collection
- ^ 10 Great Films From 2022 - Our Culture
- ^ Assault on Precinct 13 — John Carpenter|In Review Online
- ^ Top 25 of 2020 — 10-1|In Review Online
- ^ Wolfwalkers|Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart|In Review Online
- ^ Women Talking - WCBE
- ^ Making and Unmaking the Upscale, Minimalist World of ‘TÁR’|IndieWire
- ^ EXCLUSIVE: WATCH A RESTORED CULT ANIMATED SHORT FROM MARCELL JANKOVICS|Austin Film Society
- ^ 10 Best Movies About Philosophy, Ranked - Screen Rant
- ^ Animated shorts up for Oscars tackle life and all its follies - Boston Herald
- ^ Unconventional Excitement: 10 Best Action Movies Without Fistfights, Shootouts, or Car Chases|Collider
- ^ DRIVER, THE (4K UHD REVIEW) - The Digital Bits
- ^ When Comedy Films Are Scary - arts, ink.
- ^ The film Edgar Wright calls a "minimalist masterclass"|Far Out Magazine
- ^ ‘My Life As A Zucchini’ Director Claude Barras On The Hard Work of Simplicity and Minimalism|Cartoon Brew
- ^ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Taste of Cinema
- ^ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
- ^ The Red Balloon (1956, Fr.) (aka Le Ballon Rouge) - filmsite.org
- ^ Paisan (1946) - filmsite.org
- ^ Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953) - filmsite.org
- ^ Diamonds of the Night (1964) - filmsite.org
- ^ Fail Safe - Trailers From Hell
- ^ Fantastic Planet - Trailers From Hell
- ^ Eegah - Trailers From Hell
- ^ Tex Avery Screwball Classics Volume 3 - Trailers From Hell
- ^ The Crimson Kimono - Trailers From Hell
- ^ The Naked Prey - Trailers From Hell
- ^ The Killing of a Sacred Deer - Trailers From Hell
- ^ Every Stanley Kubrick Movie, Ranked By Rewatchability - Screen Rant
- ^ The 10 Best Modern Ambient Films - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
- ^ Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of Titles at National Film Registry
- ^ ZBIG VISION Film Catalogue, Zbig Rybczynski
- ^ ‘Fallen Leaves’ Review: Aki Kaurismäki Stages a Tiny Sliver of a Romance in a Quirky Finnish Kaurismäki Land That Hasn’t Changed in 30 Years - Variety
- ^ 'Showing Up' is Kelly Reichardt's Loosest and Most Playful Film (Review) — World of Reel
- ^ Animafest Zagreb’s Reanimation of Aleksandar Marks (GoCritic! Review)|Zippy Frames
- ^ Visitors from the Arkana Galaxy - Trailers From Hell
- ^ Movie reiew: Past Lives (2023) is a minimalist romance by Celia Song that has been a surprising international hit - Financial Review
- ^ Fallen Leaves review | Kaurismäki applies his minimalist approach to love|Film Stories
- ^ Elevator to the Gallows - Criterion Collection - IGN
- ^ September In Theater - Journal - Metrograph
- ^ Whit Stillman In Person - Metrograph
- ^ Perfect Days (Film Review) - Filmhounds Magazine
- ^ A Review of Robot Dreams: Robot and Dog, Slave to No Man But Love - Pelican
