Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)
| Министерство внутренних дел СССР Ministerstvo vnutrennih del SSSR | |
Internal Troops |
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (MVD;
The MVD was established as the successor to the
History
| Chronology of Soviet security agencies | ||
| ||
| 1917–22 | Cheka under Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) | |
| 1922–23 | GPU under NKVD of the RSFSR (State Political Directorate) | |
| 1920–91 | PGU KGB or USSR (First Chief Directorate) | |
| 1923–34 | OGPU under SNK of the USSR (Joint State Political Directorate) | |
| 1934–46 | NKVD of the USSR (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) | |
| 1934–41 | GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR (Main Directorate of State Security of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) | |
| 1941 | NKGB of the USSR (People's Commissariat of State Security) | |
| 1943–46 | NKGB of the USSR (People's Commissariat for State Security) | |
| 1946–53 | MGB of the USSR (Ministry of State Security) | |
| 1946–54 | MVD of the USSR (Ministry of Internal Affairs) | |
| 1947–51 |
KI MID of the USSR | |
| 1954–78 | KGB under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (Committee for State Security) | |
| 1978–91 | KGB of the USSR (Committee for State Security) | |
| 1991 | MSB of the USSR (Interrepublican Security Service) | |
| 1991 | TsSB of the USSR (Central Intelligence Service) | |
| 1991 | KOGG of the USSR (Committee for the Protection of the State Border) | |
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The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created on 15 March 1946 from the
On 15 March 1953, the MGB was incorporated into the MVD, re-creating a structure similar to the NKVD, but just under a year later on 13 March 1954 the MGB's functions were again transferred to a separate state committee, the Committee for State Security (KGB).[1][2]
The MVD was originally established as a
Following Khrushchev's ouster in 1964, his successor
In January 1986, when Fedorchuk was retired, Aleksandr Vlasov was appointed the chief of the MVD despite having no background in the police apparatus. In September 1988, Vlasov became a candidate member of the CPSU Politburo, and the following month he was replaced as chief of the MVD by Vadim Bakatin.[3]
Interior minister
Functions and organization
The MVD had a wide array of duties related to the internal functions and security of the Soviet Union. It was responsible for uncovering and investigating certain categories of crime, apprehending criminals, supervising the internal passport system, maintaining public order, combating public intoxication, supervising parolees, managing prisons and labor camps, providing fire protection, and controlling traffic. Until early 1988, the MVD was also in charge of special psychiatric hospitals, but a law passed in January 1988 transferred all psychiatric hospitals to the authority of the Ministry of Health.[3]
Internal security
As a union-republic ministry under the Council of Ministers, the MVD had its headquarters in Moscow and branches in the republic and regional government apparatus, as well as in oblasts and cities. Unlike the KGB, the internal affairs apparatus was subject to dual subordination: local internal-affairs offices reported both to the executive committees of their respective local Soviets and to their superior offices in the MVD hierarchy.[3]
The MVD headquarters in Moscow was divided into several directorates and offices:[5]
- The Directorate for Combating the Embezzlement of Socialist Property and Speculation controlled such white-collar crime as embezzlement and falsification of economic-plan records.
- The Criminal Investigation Directorate assisted the Procuracy, and on occasion the KGB, in the investigation of criminal cases.
- There was a separate department for investigating and prosecuting minor cases, such as traffic violations
- The Maintenance of Public Order Directorate was responsible for ensuring order in public places and for preventing outbreaks of public unrest.[3]
- Fire Protection Directorate[3]
- Directorate of Milita. The members of the militsiya (uniformed police), as part of the regular police force, were distinguished by their gray uniforms with red piping. The duties of the militsiya included patrolling public places to ensure order and arresting persons who violated the law, including vagrants and drunks. Resisting arrest or preventing a police officer from executing his duties was a serious crime in the Soviet Union, punishable by one to five years' imprisonment. Killing a policeman was punishable by death.[3]
- Internal Troops Directorate - administered troops organized, equipped, and trained as military forces but assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs [3]
- The Office of Visas and Registration[3] was charged with registering Soviet citizens and foreigners residing in each precinct of a city and with issuing internal passports to Soviet citizens. Soviet citizens wishing to emigrate from the Soviet Union and foreigners wishing to travel within the Soviet Union had to obtain visas from this office.
- The Office of Recruitment and Training supervised the recruitment of new members of the militsiya, who were recommended by work collectives and public organizations. The local party and Komsomol bodies screened candidates thoroughly to ensure their political reliability. Individuals serving in the militsiya were exempt from the regular military draft.[3]
- Office of Motor Vehicle Inspection[3]
Educational institutions under the MVD
- Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops
- Sergey Kirov
- Perm Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops
- Saratov Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops named after Felix Dzerzhinsky
- KharkovHigher Military School of Logistics of the Internal Troops
- Leningrad Higher Political-School of Internal Troops named after the 60th anniversary of the Komsomol
List of ministers
- Sergei Kruglov (14 January 1946 – 13 March 1953)
- Lavrentiy Beria (13 March 1953 – 26 July 1953)
- Sergei Kruglov (10 July 1953 – 1 February 1956)
- Nikolai Dudorov (1 February 1956 – 13 January 1960)
- Nikolai Shchelokov (17 September 1966 – 17 December 1982)
- Vitaly Fedorchuk (17 December 1982 – 25 January 1986)
- Aleksandr Vlasov (25 January 1986 – 20 October 1988)
- Vadim Bakatin (20 October 1988 – 2 December 1990)
- Boris Pugo (2 December 1990 – 22 August 1991)
- Viktor Barannikov (23 August 1991 – 19 December 1991)
References
- ^ Закон СССР от 15.03.1953 о преобразовании министерств СССР
- ^ Закон СССР от 15.03.1953 О внесении изменений и дополнений в статьи 70, 77 и 78 Конституции (Основного Закона) СССР
- ^ ISBN 0844407275.
- ^ a b Clines, Francis X. (24 August 1991). "After the Coup: Yeltsin is Routing Communist Party From Key Roles Throughout Russia; He Forces Vast Gorbachev Shake-up; Soviet President Is Heckled By the Republic's Parliament". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Dec 22, 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ISBN 0844407275. pages 783-784 - "The MVD headquarters in Moscow was divided into several directorates and offices [...]."
- ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1917-1964". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1964-1991". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Further reading
- Nation, R. C. (2018). Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Katz, Mark N. (1994). "Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991. By R. Craig Nation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991". Slavic Review. 53 (2): 610. JSTOR 2501355.
- Kaufman, Stuart (1993). "Reviewed work: Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991, R. Craig Nation". Russian History. 20 (1/4): 377–378. JSTOR 24657366.
- Katz, Mark N. (1994). "Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991. By R. Craig Nation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991". Slavic Review. 53 (2): 610.
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