Minnesota
Minnesota | |
---|---|
DFL) | |
• Lieutenant Governor | Peggy Flanagan (DFL) |
Legislature | Minnesota Legislature |
• Upper house | Senate |
• Lower house | House of Representatives |
Judiciary | Minnesota Supreme Court |
U.S. senators | Amy Klobuchar (DFL) Tina Smith (DFL) |
U.S. House delegation | 4 Democrats 4 Republicans (list) |
Area | |
• Total | 86,935.83 sq mi (225,163 km2) |
• Land | 79,626.74 sq mi (206,232 km2) |
• Water | 7,309.09 sq mi (18,930 km2) 8.40% |
• Rank | 12th |
Dimensions | |
• Length | about 400 mi (640 km) |
• Width | 200–350 mi (320–560 km) |
Elevation | 1,200 ft (370 m) |
Highest elevation | 2,301 ft (701 m) |
Lowest elevation | 602 ft (183 m) |
Population (2023) | |
• Total | 5,737,915[3] |
• Rank | 22nd |
• Density | 68.9/sq mi (26.6/km2) |
• Rank | 36th (2020 census) |
• Median household income | $74,593[4] |
• Income rank | 13th |
Demonym | Minnesotan |
Language | |
• Official language | none |
• Spoken language | |
CDT) | |
USPS abbreviation | MN |
ISO 3166 code | US-MN |
Traditional abbreviation | Minn. |
Latitude | 43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N |
Longitude | 89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W |
Website | mn |
Morel | |
---|---|
Gemstone | Lake Superior agate |
Other | Photograph: Grace |
State quarter | |
Released in 2005 | |
Lists of United States state symbols |
Minnesota (
Minnesota, which gets its name from the
As part of the
Since the late 20th century, Minnesota's economy has diversified away from traditional industries such as agriculture and resource extraction to services, finance, and health care; it is consequently one of the richest states in terms of GDP and per capita income. Minnesota is home to 11 federally recognized
Etymology
The word Minnesota comes from the
History
When Europeans arrived in North America, the Dakota people lived in what is now Minnesota. The first Europeans to enter the region were French voyageurs, fur traders who arrived in the 17th century. They used the Grand Portage to access trapping and trading areas further into Minnesota. The Anishinaabe (also known as Ojibwe or Chippewa) were migrating into Minnesota, causing tensions with the Dakota people,[23] and dislocated the Mdewakanton from their homelands along Mille Lacs Lake. Explorers such as Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, Father Louis Hennepin, Jonathan Carver, Henry Schoolcraft, and Joseph Nicollet mapped the state.
The region was part of
Minnesota was part of several territorial organizations between acquisition and statehood. From 1812 to 1821 it was part of the
Treaties between the U.S. government and the eastern Dakota and Ojibwe gradually forced the natives off their lands and onto
Minnesota Governor Alexander Ramsey subsequently declared that "the Sioux Indians of Minnesota must be exterminated or driven forever beyond the borders of the state"[38] and placed a bounty of $25/scalp on the heads of the eastern Dakota men. Over 1,600 eastern Dakota women, children, and elderly walked from the Lower Sioux Agency to Fort Snelling to be held until the spring thaw allowed riverboats to take them out of Minnesota to Crow Creek Indian Reservation.[39] William Crooks, commander of 6th Minnesota, had a palisade erected around the encampment on Pike Island, just below the fort, to protect native people from the soldiers and settlers.[40] Conditions there were poor and between 125 and 300 died of disease.[41][42] Around 400 Dakota men were tried after the war. 303 were sentenced to death, but Abraham Lincoln reviewed the convictions and approved 39 of the death sentences. In December 1862, 38 of them were hanged.[26]
In early 1863, Ramsey resigned as governor to become the Federal
Logging, farming, and railroads were mainstays of Minnesota's early economy. The sawmills at Saint Anthony Falls and logging centers of
The state's iron-mining industry was established with the discovery of iron in the Vermilion and Mesabi ranges in the 1880s, followed by the Cuyuna Range in the early 1900s. The ore went by rail to Duluth and Two Harbors for ship transport east via the Great Lakes.[26]
Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 20th century. Nevertheless, farming remained prevalent. Minnesota's economy was hit hard by the
After World War II, industrial development quickened. New technology increased farm productivity through automation of
In 1957, the legislature created a planning commission for the Twin Cities metropolitan area, which became the Metropolitan Council in 1967.[48] In 1971, under Governor Wendell Anderson, a series of legislation called the "Minnesota Miracle" led to a broad reform in financing of Minnesota public schools and local governments that created a fairer distribution in taxation and education.[49][50] Two postwar Minnesota governors, former dentist Rudy Perpich and former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura, attracted national attention for their unconventional manner, but both enjoyed some popularity within the state.[48][49] After a period of mostly divided government during the 21st century, the DFL (Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party) gained control of all three branches of Minnesota's government and passed significant reforms in the 2023 legislative session, moving the state in a progressive direction.[51][52]
Geography
Minnesota is the second northernmost U.S. state (after
Geology
Minnesota has some of the earth's oldest rocks, gneisses that are about 3.6 billion years old (80% as old as the planet).[56][57] About 2.7 billion years ago basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota.[56][58] The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Since a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock.[56]
In
The state's high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), which is only 13 miles (21 km) away from the low point of 601 feet (183 m) at the shore of Lake Superior.[58][61] Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a gently rolling peneplain.[56]
Two major
The state's nickname "Land of 10,000 Lakes" is apt, as there are 11,842
Flora and fauna
Minnesota has four ecological provinces: prairie parkland, in the southwestern and western parts of the state; the eastern broadleaf forest (Big Woods) in the southeast, extending in a narrowing strip to the state's northwestern part, where it transitions into tallgrass aspen parkland; and the northern Laurentian mixed forest, a transitional forest between the northern boreal forest and the broadleaf forests to the south.[66] These northern forests are a vast wilderness of pine and spruce trees mixed with patchy stands of birch and poplar.
Much of Minnesota's northern forest has undergone logging, leaving only a few patches of
While loss of habitat has affected native animals such as the
Climate
Minnesota experiences temperature extremes characteristic of its continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers. The lowest temperature recorded was −60 °F (−51 °C) at Tower on February 2, 1996, and the highest was 114 °F (46 °C) at Moorhead on July 6, 1936.[73] Meteorological events include rain, snow, blizzards, thunderstorms, hail, derechos, tornadoes, and high-velocity straight-line winds. The growing season varies from 90 days in the far northeast to 160 days in southeast Minnesota near the Mississippi River, and average temperatures range from 37 to 49 °F (3 to 9 °C).[74] Average summer dewpoints range from about 58 °F (14 °C) in the south to about 48 °F (9 °C) in the north.[74][75] Average annual precipitation ranges from 19 to 35 inches (48 to 89 cm), and droughts occur every 10 to 50 years.[74]
Minnesota has warmed over the past few years. Rising temperatures have affected natural habitats and many species that live in them. For example, the lakes' water is warming, which affects cold-water fish. Trout, for example, is a cold-water fish that is losing its habitat, while the habitat of bass, a warm-water fish, is growing.[76]
Location | July (°F) | July (°C) | January (°F) | January (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Minneapolis |
83/64 | 28/18 | 23/7 | −4/−13 |
Saint Paul | 83/63 | 28/17 | 23/6 | −5/−14 |
Rochester | 82/63 | 28/17 | 23/3 | −5/−16 |
Duluth | 76/55 | 24/13 | 19/1 | −7/−17 |
St. Cloud | 81/58 | 27/14 | 18/−1 | −7/−18 |
Mankato | 86/62 | 30/16 | 23/3 | −5/−16 |
International Falls | 77/52 | 25/11 | 15/−6 | −9/−21 |
Protected lands
Minnesota's first state park,
Cities and towns
Saint Paul is adjacent to Minnesota's most populous city, Minneapolis; they and their suburbs are collectively known as the
The state has 17 cities with populations above 50,000 as of the 2010 census. In descending order of population, they are
Of these, only Rochester, Duluth, and Saint Cloud are outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area.Minnesota's population continues to grow, primarily in the urban centers. The populations of metropolitan Sherburne and Scott counties doubled between 1980 and 2000, while 40 of the state's 87 counties lost residents over the same period.[83]
Rank | Name | County | Pop. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minneapolis Saint Paul |
1 | Minneapolis | Hennepin | 425,336 | Rochester Bloomington | ||||
2 | Saint Paul | Ramsey | 307,193 | ||||||
3 | Rochester | Olmsted | 121,465 | ||||||
4 | Bloomington | Hennepin | 89,298 | ||||||
5 | Duluth | St. Louis | 86,372 | ||||||
6 | Brooklyn Park | Hennepin | 84,526 | ||||||
7 | Plymouth | Hennepin | 79,828 | ||||||
8 | Woodbury | Washington | 76,990 | ||||||
9 | Lakeville | Dakota | 72,812 | ||||||
10 | Blaine | Anoka | 70,935 |
The United States Navy has recognized multiple Minnesota communities.
Demographics
Overview
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1850 | 6,077 | — | |
1860 | 172,023 | 2,730.7% | |
1870 | 439,706 | 155.6% | |
1880 | 780,773 | 77.6% | |
1890 | 1,310,283 | 67.8% | |
1900 | 1,751,394 | 33.7% | |
1910 | 2,075,708 | 18.5% | |
1920 | 2,387,125 | 15.0% | |
1930 | 2,563,953 | 7.4% | |
1940 | 2,792,300 | 8.9% | |
1950 | 2,982,483 | 6.8% | |
1960 | 3,413,864 | 14.5% | |
1970 | 3,804,971 | 11.5% | |
1980 | 4,075,970 | 7.1% | |
1990 | 4,375,099 | 7.3% | |
2000 | 4,919,479 | 12.4% | |
2010 | 5,303,925 | 7.8% | |
2020 | 5,706,494 | 7.6% | |
2023 (est.) | 5,737,915 | 0.6% | |
Source: 1910–2020[85] 2022 Estimate[3] |
According to the
Race and ethnicity
Minnesota's racial demographics have significantly diversified since its early settlement period. As of 2020, according to U.S. census data, the white population had fallen to 77.5% from over 98% in the early to mid-20th century.[89] Concurrently, other racial populations have markedly increased. The Black population has risen to 7%, the Asian population to 5.3%, and those identifying as two or more races to 6.1%.
Race | Percentage |
---|---|
White | 77.5% |
Black or African American |
7.0% |
American Indian | 1.2% |
Asian |
5.3% |
Pacific Islander |
0.1% |
Other race |
3.2% |
Two or more races |
6.1% |
According to the 2017
Immigration
Since the 1960s, Minnesota's immigrant population has been shaped by its status as a major area for refugee resettlement. As of 2018, Minnesota had the largest refugee population per capita of any state, with 2% of the country's population but 13% of its refugees.[94] Other refugee groups that have recently been settling in Minnesota include Burmese, Congolese, Russians, and Ukrainians.[95][96]
Country | Population |
---|---|
Mexico | 95,227 |
Somalia | 76,658 |
Hmong people[c] | 55,005 |
India | 39,559 |
Ethiopia | 36,982 |
Laos | 24,901 |
China | 24,353 |
Vietnam | 22,283 |
Liberia | 20,168 |
South Korea | 20,126 |
Thailand | 19,235 |
Canada | 18,804 |
Kenya | 16,823 |
Myanmar | 15,679 |
Philippines | 13,544 |
Russia | 12,787 |
El Salvador | 12,137 |
Religion
Minnesota's religious landscape is also diverse, having evolved significantly over its history. The area's first Christian influence came from Catholic missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. 19th-century European settlers, especially Scandinavians, established Protestant denominations, particularly
Economy
Once primarily a producer of raw materials, Minnesota's economy has transformed to emphasize finished products and services. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of the economy is its diversity; the relative outputs of its business sectors closely match the United States as a whole.
Minnesota's
Industry and commerce
Minnesota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture. Minneapolis grew around the flour mills powered by
Minnesota is one of 45 U.S. states with its own lottery; its games include multi-jurisdiction draws, in-house draws, and other games.
Energy use and production
Minnesota produces
Xcel Energy is the state's largest utility and is headquartered in the state;[117] it is one of five investor-owned utilities.[118] There are also a number of municipal utilities.[118]
State taxes
Minnesota has a
Culture
Fine and performing arts
Minnesota's leading
Literature
The rigors and rewards of pioneer life on the
Entertainment
Minnesota musicians include
.Minnesotans have also made significant contributions to comedy, theater, media, and film. The comic strip
Popular culture
The
Other large annual festivals include the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, the Minnesota Renaissance Festival, Minneapolis' Aquatennial and Mill City Music Festival, Moondance Jam in Walker, the Judy Garland Festival in Grand Rapids, the Eelpout Festival on Leech Lake, and the WE Fest in Detroit Lakes.
Health
Minnesotans have low rates of premature death, infant mortality, cardiovascular disease, and occupational fatalities.[128][129] They have long life expectancies,[130] and high rates of health insurance and regular exercise.[128][131][132] These and other measures have led two groups to rank Minnesota as the healthiest state in the nation; however, in one of these rankings, Minnesota descended from first to sixth in the nation between 2005 and 2009 because of low levels of public health funding and the prevalence of binge drinking.[128][133] While overall health indicators are strong, Minnesota does have significant health disparities in minority populations.[134]
On October 1, 2007, the Freedom to Breathe Act took effect, outlawing smoking in restaurants and bars in Minnesota.[135]
The
U.S. News & World Report's 2020–21 survey ranked 4,554 hospitals in the country in 12 specialized fields of care, and placed the Mayo Clinic in the top four in most fields. The hospital ranked first on the best hospitals honor roll. The only specialty where it fell outside the top ten was ophthalmology.
Education
One of the first acts of the Minnesota Legislature when it opened in 1858 was the creation of a
The state supports a network of public universities and colleges, including 37 institutions in the
Transportation
Transportation in Minnesota is overseen by the
Minnesota's principal airport is
Public transit services are available in the regional urban centers in Minnesota including Metro Transit in the Twin Cities, opt-out suburban operators Minnesota Valley Transit Authority, SouthWest Transit, Plymouth Metrolink, Maple Grove Transit and others. In Greater Minnesota transit services are provided by city systems such as Duluth Transit Authority, Mankato Transit System, MATBUS (Fargo-Moorhead), Rochester Public Transit, Saint Cloud Metro Bus, Winona Public Transit and others. Dial-a-Ride service is available for persons with disabilities in a majority of Minnesota counties.[154]
In addition to bus services,
Law and government
Minnesota is governed pursuant to the Minnesota Constitution, which was adopted on October 13, 1857, roughly one year before statehood.[156] Like all U.S. states and the federal government, Minnesota has a republican system of political representation with power divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.[157] The state constitution includes a bill of rights that reaffirms many of the same rights and freedoms as its federal counterpart, with some protected more strongly and explicitly.[156]
Executive
The executive branch is led by Minnesota's
Aside from the governor and lieutenant governor, who are elected on a
Constitutional officeholders:
- Governor Tim Walz (DFL)
- Lt. Governor Peggy Flanagan (DFL)
- Secretary of State Steve Simon (DFL)
- Attorney General Keith Ellison (DFL)
- State Auditor Julie Blaha (DFL)
Legislature
The
Since 2023, both the House and Senate have had a slim DFL majority.[166]
Judiciary
Minnesota's court system has three levels. Most cases start in the
Two specialized courts within administrative agencies have been established: the workers' compensation court of appeals, and the tax court, which deals with non-criminal tax cases.
Supreme Court Justices[168]
- Chief Justice Natalie Hudson
Associate Justices
Regional
In addition to the city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning.
Federal
Minnesota's
Federal court cases are heard in the
Tribal
The State of Minnesota was created by the United States federal government in the traditional and cultural range of lands occupied by the Dakota and Anishinaabe peoples as well as other Native American groups. After many years of unequal treaties and forced resettlement by the state and federal government, the tribes re-organized into sovereign tribal governments. Today, the tribal governments are divided into 11 semi-autonomous reservations that negotiate with the U.S. and the state on a bilateral basis:
Four Dakota Mdewakanton communities:
- Prairie Island Indian Community
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community
- Lower Sioux Indian Reservation
- Upper Sioux Community – Pejuhutazizi Oyate
Seven Anishinaabe reservations:
- Bois Forte Band of Chippewa
- Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
- Grand Portage Band of Chippewa
- Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
- Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
- White Earth Band of Ojibwe
- Red Lake Band of Chippewa
The first six of the Anishinaabe bands compose the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, the collective federally recognized tribal government of the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, Mille Lacs, and White Earth reservations.
Politics
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 1,484,065 | 45.28% | 1,717,077 | 52.40% | 76,029 | 2.32% |
2016 | 1,323,232 | 44.93% | 1,367,825 | 46.44% | 254,176 | 8.63% |
2012 | 1,320,225 | 44.96% | 1,546,167 | 52.65% | 70,169 | 2.39% |
2008 | 1,275,409 | 43.82% | 1,573,354 | 54.06% | 61,606 | 2.12% |
2004 | 1,346,695 | 47.61% | 1,445,014 | 51.09% | 36,678 | 1.30% |
2000 | 1,109,659 | 45.50% | 1,168,266 | 47.91% | 160,760 | 6.59% |
1996 | 766,476 | 34.96% | 1,120,438 | 51.10% | 305,726 | 13.94% |
1992 | 747,841 | 31.85% | 1,020,997 | 43.48% | 579,110 | 24.66% |
1988 | 962,337 | 45.90% | 1,109,471 | 52.91% | 24,982 | 1.19% |
1984 | 1,032,603 | 49.54% | 1,036,364 | 49.72% | 15,482 | 0.74% |
1980 | 873,241 | 42.56% | 954,174 | 46.50% | 224,538 | 10.94% |
1976 | 819,395 | 42.02% | 1,070,440 | 54.90% | 60,096 | 3.08% |
1972 | 898,269 | 51.58% | 802,346 | 46.07% | 41,037 | 2.36% |
1968 | 658,643 | 41.46% | 857,738 | 54.00% | 72,129 | 4.54% |
1964 | 559,624 | 36.00% | 991,117 | 63.76% | 3,721 | 0.24% |
1960 | 757,915 | 49.16% | 779,933 | 50.58% | 4,039 | 0.26% |
1956 | 719,302 | 53.68% | 617,525 | 46.08% | 3,178 | 0.24% |
1952 | 763,211 | 55.33% | 608,458 | 44.11% | 7,814 | 0.57% |
1948 | 483,617 | 39.89% | 692,966 | 57.16% | 35,643 | 2.94% |
1944 | 527,416 | 46.86% | 589,864 | 52.41% | 8,249 | 0.73% |
1940 | 596,274 | 47.66% | 644,196 | 51.49% | 10,718 | 0.86% |
1936 | 350,461 | 31.01% | 698,811 | 61.84% | 80,703 | 7.14% |
1932 | 363,959 | 36.29% | 600,806 | 59.91% | 38,078 | 3.80% |
1928 | 560,977 | 57.77% | 396,451 | 40.83% | 13,548 | 1.40% |
1924 | 420,759 | 51.18% | 55,913 | 6.80% | 345,474 | 42.02% |
1920 | 519,421 | 70.59% | 142,994 | 19.43% | 73,423 | 9.98% |
1916 | 179,544 | 46.35% | 179,152 | 46.25% | 28,668 | 7.40% |
1912 | 64,334 | 19.25% | 106,426 | 31.84% | 163,459 | 48.91% |
1908 | 195,843 | 59.11% | 109,401 | 33.02% | 26,060 | 7.87% |
1904 | 216,651 | 73.98% | 55,187 | 18.84% | 21,022 | 7.18% |
1900 | 190,461 | 60.21% | 112,901 | 35.69% | 12,949 | 4.09% |
1896 | 193,503 | 56.62% | 139,735 | 40.89% | 8,524 | 2.49% |
1892 | 122,823 | 45.96% | 100,920 | 37.76% | 43,495 | 16.28% |
1888 | 142,492 | 54.12% | 104,385 | 39.65% | 16,408 | 6.23% |
1884 | 111,685 | 58.78% | 70,065 | 36.87% | 8,267 | 4.35% |
1880 | 93,902 | 62.28% | 53,315 | 35.36% | 3,553 | 2.36% |
1876 | 72,955 | 58.80% | 48,587 | 39.16% | 2,533 | 2.04% |
1872 | 55,708 | 61.27% | 35,211 | 38.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
1868 | 43,722 | 60.88% | 28,096 | 39.12% | 0 | 0.00% |
1864 | 25,055 | 59.06% | 17,367 | 40.94% | 0 | 0.00% |
1860 | 22,069 | 63.53% | 11,920 | 34.31% | 748 | 2.15% |
Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry, and
Hubert Humphrey brought national attention to the state with his address at the 1948 Democratic National Convention. Minnesotans have consistently cast their Electoral College votes for Democratic presidential candidates since 1976, longer than any other state. Minnesota is the only state in the nation that did not vote for Ronald Reagan in either of his presidential campaigns. Minnesota has voted for the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since 1960, with the exception of 1972, when the state was won by Republican Richard Nixon.
Both the Democratic and Republican parties have major-party status in Minnesota, but its state-level Democratic party has a different name, officially known as the
The state has had active third-party movements. The
The state's
In the 2010 election, Republicans took control of both chambers of the Minnesota legislature for the first time in 38 years and, with Mark Dayton's election, the DFL party took the governor's office for the first time in 20 years. Two years later, the DFL regained control of both houses, and with Dayton in office, the party had same-party control of both the legislative and executive branches for the first time since 1990. Two years later, the Republicans regained control of the Minnesota House,[177] and in 2016, the GOP also regained control of the State Senate.[178]
In 2018, the DFL retook control of the Minnesota House, while electing DFLer Tim Walz as Governor.
In a 2020 study, Minnesota was ranked as the 15th easiest state for citizens to vote in.[179]
Media
The Twin Cities area is the fifteenth largest
The four largest daily newspapers are the
Two of the largest
Sports, recreation and tourism
Minnesota has an active program of organized amateur and professional sports. Tourism has become an important industry, especially in the Lake region. In the North Country, what had been an industrial area focused on mining and timber has largely been transformed into a vacation destination. Popular interest in the environment and environmentalism, added to traditional interests in hunting and fishing, has attracted a large urban audience within driving range.[186]
Organized sports
Minnesota has professional men's teams in all major sports.
The Minnesota Vikings have played in the National Football League since their admission as an expansion franchise in 1961. They played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 through 1981 and in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 until its demolition after the 2013 season for the construction of the team's new home, U.S. Bank Stadium. The Vikings' current stadium hosted Super Bowl LII in February 2018. Super Bowl XXVI was played in the Metrodome in 1992. The Vikings have advanced to the Super Bowl Super Bowl IV, Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl IX, and Super Bowl XI, losing all four games to their AFC/AFL opponent.
The Minnesota Twins have played in the Major League Baseball in the Twin Cities since 1961. The Twins began play as the original Washington Senators, a founding member of the American League in 1901, relocating to Minnesota in 1961. The Twins won the 1987 and 1991 World Series in seven-game matches where the home team was victorious in all games. The Twins also advanced to the 1965 World Series, where they lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. The team has played at Target Field since 2010.
The
The National Hockey League's Minnesota Wild play in St. Paul's Xcel Energy Center, and reached 300 consecutive sold-out games on January 16, 2008.[187] Previously, the Minnesota North Stars competed in NHL from 1967 to 1993, which played in and lost the 1981 and 1991 Stanley Cup Finals.
Minnesota also has minor-league professional sports teams. The Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League played at the Xcel Energy Center until the team moved to Georgia in 2015. The St. Paul Saints, who play at CHS Field in St. Paul, are the Triple-A minor league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins.
Professional women's sports include the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association, winners of the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 WNBA Championships, Minnesota Aurora FC of the United Soccer League W-League, the Minnesota Vixen of the Independent Women's Football League, the Minnesota Valkyrie of the Legends Football League, and the Minnesota Whitecaps of the National Women's Hockey League.
The Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I school competing in the Big Ten Conference. Four additional schools in the state compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey: the University of Minnesota Duluth; Minnesota State University, Mankato; St. Cloud State University and Bemidji State University. There are nine NCAA Division II colleges in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference, and twenty NCAA Division III colleges in the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and Upper Midwest Athletic Conference.[189][190]
Minneapolis has hosted the
The Hazeltine National Golf Club has hosted the U.S. Open, U.S. Women's Open, U.S. Senior Open and PGA Championship. The course also hosted the Ryder Cup in the fall of 2016, when it became one of two courses in the U.S. to host all major golf competitions. The Ryder Cup is scheduled to return in 2028.[191]
Interlachen Country Club has hosted the U.S. Open, U.S. Women's Open, and Solheim Cup.
Winter Olympic Games medalists from the state include twelve of the twenty members of the gold medal 1980 ice hockey team (coached by Minnesota native Herb Brooks) and the bronze medalist U.S. men's curling team in the 2006 Winter Olympics, as well as the gold medal-winning team from Duluth at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Swimmer Tom Malchow won an Olympic gold medal in the 2000 Summer games and a silver medal in 1996.
Outdoor recreation
Minnesotans participate in high levels of physical activity,[193] and many of these activities are outdoors. The strong interest of Minnesotans in environmentalism has been attributed to the popularity of these pursuits.[194]
In the warmer months, these activities often involve water. Weekend and longer trips to family
Fishing does not cease when the lakes freeze;
State and national forests and the 72 state parks are used year-round for hunting,
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ Four states have more lakes than Minnesota: Alaska, Kansas, Michigan, and Florida.[64]
- ^ Hmong people are a stateless group; the majority of Hmong in Minnesota have immigrated from either Laos or Thailand.
- state seal, registers businesses, and administers elections. The secretary of state also processes notary public applications and administers Minnesota's address confidentiality program for victims of crime, among other responsibilities.[160]
- ^ The attorney general is the chief law officer for the state of Minnesota, representing state agencies in legal proceedings and issuing written opinions on questions of law. As chief law officer, the attorney general also enforces state consumer protection and antitrust laws, regulates charities, and advocates for people and small businesses in utilities matters, among other responsibilities.[161]
- single audit of federal programs administered by state agencies and their subrecipients. Public expenditures overseen by the state auditor thus exceed standalone state spending by 15.3 percent.[163][164]
References
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ "Lake Superior Water Levels" Archived August 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Updated daily.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts". QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau, 2021 Estimate. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
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External links
Culture and history
- Minnesota Historical Society
- Minnesota Place Names
- Minnesota Reflections Archived May 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- Minnesota State Guide from the Library of Congress
General
- Minnesota at Curlie
Government
- Official website
- Indian Affairs Council, State of Minnesota
- Prairie Island Indian Community
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community
- Lower Sioux Indian Community
- The Upper Sioux Community Pejuhutazizi Oyate
- Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
- Bois Forte Band of Chippewa
- Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
- Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
- Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
- White Earth Indian Reservation Tribal Council
- Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians
Maps and demographics
- Minnesota State Demographic Center
- State Facts from USDA
- Minnesota State Highway Map
- Minnesota at OpenStreetMap
Tourism and recreation
- Explore Minnesota
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
- Minnesota travel guide from Wikivoyage