Minuscule 543
New Testament manuscript | |
Text | Gospels † |
---|---|
Date | 12th century |
Script | Greek |
Now at | University of Michigan |
Size | 28 cm by 23 cm |
Type | Caesarean text-type |
Category | III |
Hand | minute |
Note | member of f13 |
Minuscule 543 (in the
The manuscript contains the text of the four Gospels, with some gaps and some unusual grammar forms and numerous errors. The manuscript is housed at the University of Michigan.[3]
Description
Contents
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the text of the four Gospels on 184 thick parchment leaves (size 28 cm by 23 cm), with several gaps (Matthew 12:11-13:10; Mark 8:4-28; Luke 15:20-16:9; John 2:22-4:6; 4:52-5:43; 11:21-47). One leaf was misplaced during its binding. The parchment is coarse and yellowed by age.[4]: 28
The text of the codex was written two columns per page, 27-30 lines per page,
The titles to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark run: Ευαγγέλιον εκ του κατά Ματθαίου (Μάρκου) (The Gospel of that according to Matthew (Mark)).[n 1] The titles to Luke and John are the usual: Ευαγγέλιον κατά Λουκάν (Ιωάννην) (The Gospel according to Luke (John)).[2]: 255
The lists of the chapters (known as κεφαλαια / kephalaia) are placed before each Gospel; the numbers of the κεφαλαια are given at the left margin, with their titles (known as τιτλοι / titloi) in red at the top of the pages. There is a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with references to the
Nomina sacra and OT quotations
The nomina sacra are contracted in the usual way, but there are a number of words which the scribe failed to abbreviate. In some of the cases where nomina sacra are uncontracted, they have the heavy bar signifying contraction. υιος (son) is contracted only once (John 4:47). On the other hand, it gives the unusual abbreviations for the other nomina sacra. Some unusual ones are σταυρωσον (crucify), which is written as στωσον; σταυρωθη (to be crucified) — στρωθη; and παρθένος (virgin) is contracted to παρθνος.[4]: 28–29
Quotations from the Old Testament are indicated in the left margin by a rubricated letter or sign.[4]: 30
Errors
Almost all the necessary corrections of misspellings have been made. Sometimes a stroke of the pen indicates an error, perhaps to be corrected later.[4]: 30 Some corrections seem to be written by the first hand (e.g. Matthew 4:10; 5:19) others plainly by a second hand (Matthew 6; Luke 3; 10:35).[5] The apostrophe is used even when not required, especially in εξ', and ουκ'.[4]: 30
According tο Scrivener,
There are many errors by
There are some unusual forms like: ανεπεσαν, ειπαν, εθεωρων, εμελλεν, εμπροσθε, εσπλαγχνισθη, ιδαμεν, ιδεν, σαρκαν, συνετιθεντο.[5]: XIX
Text
The Greek text of the codex has been considered a representative of the Caesarean text-type. It belongs to the textual family ƒ13, known also as the Ferrar Group/Family.[8] The handwriting and the menology show the manuscript is a close member of the group.[4]: 26 According to biblical scholars and textual critics Kurt and Barbara Aland, it agrees with the Byzantine standard text 151 times, and 72 times with the Byzantine when it has the same reading as the original text. It agrees 31 times with the original text against the Byzantine. It has 57 independent or distinctive readings. It is currently placed in Category III.[9] According to the Claremont Profile Method, it represents the textual ƒ13 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20, as a core member.[8]
The Pericope Adulterae follows Luke 21:38, as in other manuscripts of the Ferrar Family.[2]: 255
- Textual Variants (short list)
The words after the square bracket are the readings of the codex (before the square bracket are readings of the Textus Receptus).
- Matthew 1:18 and 1:23 — εν γαστρι (pregnant, literally in womb) ] εγγαστρι (inwomb)
- Matthew 5:48 — εν τοις ουρανοις (in the heavens) ] ουνιος (heavens)
- Matthew 6:24 — μαμμωνα (mammona) ] μαμωνα (mamona)
- Matthew 7:2 — απο (from) ] εκ (from)
- Matthew 8:4 — Μωσης (Moses) ] Μωυσης (Moses)
- Matthew 8:8 — δεινως (terrible) ] δεινος (terrible)
- Matthew 8:8 — ικανος (sufficient) ] αξιος (worthy)
- Matthew 8:26 — τοις ανεμοις (winds) ] τω ανεμω (wind)
- Matthew 9:17 — απολουνται (ruined) ] απολλουνται (ΝΑ27 has απολλυνται)
- Matthew 9:17 — αμφοτερα ] αμφοτεροι (both)
- Matthew 11:5 — και νεκροι εγειρονται και πτωχοι ευαγγελιζονται (and the dead are raised up and the poor have the gospel preached to them) ] και πτωχοι ευαγγελιζονται και νεκροι εγειρονται (and the poor have the gospel preached to them and the dead are raised up)
- Matthew 26:39 — (text of Luke 22:43-44 appears here) ] ωφθη δε αυτω αγγελος απο του ουνου ενισχυσον αυτον και γενομενος εν αγωνια εκτενεστερον προσηυχετο εγενετο δε ο ιδρος αυτου ωσει θρομβη αθματος καταβαινοντες επι την γην (An angel from heaven appeared to him, empowering him. And being in agony he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground.)
- Mark 1:9 — Ναζαρετ (Nazaret) ] Ναζαρεθ (Nazareth)
- Mark 1:10 — ἀπὸ (from) ] ἐκ (from)
- Mark 1:10 — ἐκ (from) ] εἰς (to)
- Mark 2:4 — κραββατον ] κραβαττον (bed)
History
Concerning the history of the manuscript, nothing is known until the year 1864, when it was in the possession of a dealer at Janina in Epeiros. It was then purchased from him by a representative of Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), a philanthropist,[10] together with other Greek manuscripts (among them codices 532-546).[6] They were transported to England in 1870–1871.[11]
The manuscript was presented by Burdett-Coutts to Sir Roger Cholmely's School, and was housed at the Highgate (Burdett-Coutts III. 5), in London.[5]: XVI–XVII In 1922 it was acquired for the University of Michigan[4]: 26 [12] It is currently housed at the University of Michigan (Ms. 15) in Ann Arbor.[3]
J. Rendel Harris pointed out that the menology of the Ferrar group contains saints which appear to be peculiar to Calabria or Sicily.[13] Abbe Martin had previously stated that certain palaeographical traits to be observed in these manuscripts were characteristic of Calabrian scriptoria.[4]: 26
Scrivener observed a close textual affinity to the Ferrar group and announced in 1883 in the third edition of "Plain Introduction" as pertaining to the same class.[2]: 236 Scrivener collated its text and it was edited posthumously in 1893.[5]: 1–59 This collation was not wholly accurate and Jacob Geerlings, from the University of Utah, gave a new and more accurate collation in 1932.[4]: vii
Gallery
-
The first page of the Gospel of Matthew
-
Tables of the κεφαλαια to Mark (right column)
-
Non-biblical additional material - the Limits of the Five Patriarchates
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscript
- Textual criticism
Notes
- ^ The headings of the Gospels also appear this way in Minuscule 69, 178, and 668.
References
- ^ Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. p. 67.
- ^ a b c d e Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1. London: George Bell & Sons.
- ^ ISBN 3-11-011986-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55635-700-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ambrose, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1893). Adversaria Critica Sacra: With a Short Explanatory Introduction. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co.
- ^ a b Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. p. 201.
- ^ J. Rendel Harris, The Origin of the Leicester Codex of the New Testament (London, 1887), pp. 62-65.
- ^ ISBN 0-8028-1918-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ISBN 9780826512567.
- S2CID 163942322.
- ^ Clark, Kenneth Willis (1937). A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 294.
- ^ Harris, James Rendel (1900). Further Researches into the History of the Ferrar-Group. London: Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
- J. Rendel Harris, Further researches into the history of the Ferrar-group (London, 1900)
- Kenneth W. Clark, A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America (Chicago, 1937), pp. 280–282.
For more bibliography see: Family 13
External links
- Images of minuscule 543 at the CSNTM
- R. Waltz, Minuscule 543 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism (2007)