Missal
A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a priest to celebrate Mass publicly and others for private and lay use. The texts of the most common Eucharistic liturgy in the world, the Catholic Church's Mass of Paul VI of the Roman Rite, are contained in the 1970 edition of the Roman Missal.
Missals have also been published for earlier forms of the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites. Other liturgical books typically contain the Eucharistic liturgies of other ritual traditions, but missals exist for the Byzantine Rites, Eastern Orthodox Western Rites, and Anglican liturgies.
History
Before the compilation of such books, several books were used when celebrating Mass. These included the
In high mediaeval times, when it had become common in the West for priests to say Mass without the assistance of a choir and other ministers, these books began to be combined into a "Mass book" (missale in Latin), for the priest's use alone. This led to the appearance of the missale plenum ("full or complete missal"), which contained all the texts of the Mass, but without the music of the choir parts.[2] Indications of the rubrics to be followed were also added.
Latin Catholicism
The
At the behest of the
The first complete official translation of the Roman Missal into English appeared in 1973, based on the text of 1970. On 28 March 2001, the Holy See issued the Instruction Liturgiam authenticam. This included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses. Any adaptation to the characteristics or the nature of the various vernacular languages is to be sober and discreet." The following year, the third typical edition[note 1] of the revised Roman Missal in Latin was released.
Anglicanism
Prior to the Reformation, liturgical practice had featured usage of local cathedral missal variations. The most noted of these was the Sarum Use missal, but others including the Durham Use missal influenced English liturgical practice. During the English Reformation, the Church of England separated from the Catholic Church. Characteristic of Protestant liturgy trends, the Church of England opted to utilize a vernacular liturgy. Thomas Cranmer is traditionally credited with leading the production of new liturgical texts, including the 1549 Book of Common Prayer. The 1549 prayer book and successive versions of the Book of Common Prayer would replace both missals and breviaries in regular Anglican liturgical practice.[4]
As the
The first edition of the Anglican Missal was published in London by the Society of Saints Peter and Paul in 1921; the first American edition appeared in 1943, published by the Frank Gavin Liturgical Foundation of Mount Sinai, Long Island, N.Y., and in 1947 a revised edition was published (reprinted in 1961); the publication rights were given (or sold) to the Anglican Parishes Association in the 1970s, which reprinted the 1947 edition.[5]
Sections and illumination
In France, missals begin to be
Iconographic analysis of the missals of the
Catholic missals after the Second Vatican Council (1962−1965) are only little illustrated, at least before 2002, mostly with black-and-white pictures. Since 2005, many editions of the Editio typica tertia of the Roman Missal have been illustrated in colour, especially in the English-speaking world.[7]
Missalettes
The term "missal" is also used for books intended for use not by the priest but by others assisting at
One such missal has been used for the swearing in of a United States President. After the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as the nation's 36th president aboard Air Force One using a missal of the late President.[8]
See also
Missals
- Missale Aboense
- Anglican Missal
- Aromanian Missal
- Missal of Arbuthnott
- Beauvais Missal
- Roman Missal
- Missal of Silos
Other articles
Explanatory notes
- ^ The "typical edition" of a liturgical text is that to which editions by other publishers must conform.
References
Citations
- ^ Thurston (1911).
- ^ Britannica (2017).
- ^ Pope Paul VI (1963), 51.
- ^ James Wood (15 October 2012). "God Talk: The Book of Common Prayer at three hundred and fifty". The New Yorker. New York City. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ a b Cavanaugh (2011), p. 105.
- ^ Anon (1275).
- ^ van Bühren (2018), pp. 173–181.
- ^ Gillette (1986), p. 23.
General bibliography
- Anon (1275). "Missaal van de Sint-Pietersabdij". Gent: Ghent University Library. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
- "Missale plenum". Encyclopedia Britannica. Nov 30, 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
- Black, John Sutherland (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 580–583. .
- Cavanaugh, Stephen E. (2011). Anglicans and the Roman Catholic Church: Reflections on Recent Developments. ISBN 978-1586174996.
- Gillette, Michael L. (September 10, 1986). Lawrence F. O'Brien Oral History Interview XIII (Transcript). LBJ Library. (page 23 at "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-24. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)) - Pope Paul VI (December 4, 1963). "CONSTITUTION ON THE SACRED LITURGY SACROSANCTUM CONCILIUM". Vatican.va.
- van Bühren, Ralf (2018). "Die Bildausstattung des „Missale Romanum" nach dem Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil (1962−1965)". In Neuheuser, Hanns Peter (ed.). Liturgische Bücher in der Kulturgeschichte Europas. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.