Missouri v. Jenkins
Missouri v. Jenkins | |
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Subsequent | appeal after remand, 103 F.3d 731 (8th Cir. 1997). |
Holding | |
The District Court's school desegregation orders, which required the State of Missouri to fund across-the-board salary increases and to continue to fund remedial education programs, went beyond the court's remedial authority. | |
Court membership | |
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Case opinions | |
Majority | Rehnquist, joined by O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas |
Concurrence | O'Connor |
Concurrence | Thomas |
Dissent | Souter, joined by Stevens, Ginsburg, Breyer |
Dissent | Ginsburg |
Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70 (1995), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court. On June 12, 1995 the Court, in a 5–4 decision, reversed a district court ruling that required the state of Missouri to correct intentional racial discrimination in Kansas City schools by funding salary increases and remedial education programs.
Background
The case began in 1977, when a group of students and the
In 1985,
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in this case twice earlier. First, in 1989, to address attorneys fees.[2] Then, in 1990, the Supreme Court addressed whether a federal court could order a local government to raise taxes above the state statute amount to cover the cost of removing the "vestiges of discrimination." The Supreme Court ruled that while direct imposition of taxes is indeed beyond judicial authority, the district court could order the school district to levy the same tax: "Authorizing and directing local government institutions to devise and implement remedies not only protects the function of these institutions but, to the extent possible, also places the responsibility for solutions to the problems of segregation upon those themselves who have created the problem." The Supreme Court added, "To hold otherwise would fail to take account of the obligations of local governments, under the Supremacy Clause, to fulfill the requirements that the Constitution imposes upon them."[3]
Later, on remand in 1993, the district court ordered the state to pay for salary increases for teaching and non-teaching personnel.
Decision
The Supreme Court majority interpreted Brown v. Board of Education as restricting only de jure segregation and referred to Milliken v. Bradley and other precedents as applying only to intra-district desegregation. The Supreme Court argued that the lower courts had exceeded their authority in ordering measures such as across-the-board state-funded salary increases to fund continued quality education programs, which could not be sustained by local government.
The Court looked to
See also
- List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 515
- List of United States Supreme Court cases
- Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
- List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court
References
- ^ Ciotti, Paul (March 16, 1998). "Money And School Performance: Lessons from the Kansas City Desegregation Experiment". Cato Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
- ^ "Missouri v. Jenkins, 491 U.S. 274 (1989)". June 19, 1989. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
- ^ "Missouri v. Jenkins, 495 U.S. 33 (1990)". April 18, 1990. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
External links
- Text of Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70 (1995) is available from: Cornell CourtListener Findlaw Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)