Mnemosyne

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For other uses, see Mnemosyne (disambiguation).
Mnemosyne
Goddess of memory and remembrance
Member of the Titans
Antique mosaic of Mnemosyne, National Archaeological Museum of Tarragona
GreekΜνημοσύνη
AbodeMount Olympus
Personal information
ParentsUranus and Gaia
Siblings
  • Briareus
  • Cottus
  • Gyges
Others
Half-siblings
ConsortsZeus
Offspring
The Muses
Greek deities
series
Personifications
List

In

goddess of memory and the mother of the nine Muses by her nephew Zeus. In the Greek tradition, Mnemosyne is one of the Titans, the twelve divine children of the earth-goddess Gaia and the sky-god Uranus. The term Mnemosyne is derived from the same source as the word mnemonic, that being the Greek word mnēmē, which means "remembrance, memory".[1][2]

Family

A

Muses, fathered by her nephew, Zeus
:

Hyginus in his Fabulae gives Mnemosyne a different parentage, where she was the daughter of Zeus and Clymene.[4]

Mythology

Jupiter, disguised as a shepherd, tempts Mnemosyne by Jacob de Wit (1727)

In Hesiod's Theogony, kings and poets receive their powers of authoritative speech from their possession of Mnemosyne and their special relationship with the Muses.

transmigration of the soul.[6]

Appearance in oral literature

Although she was categorized as one of the

epic poems [8]—she appears in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, among others—as the speaker called upon her aid in accurately remembering and performing the poem they were about to recite. Mnemosyne is thought to have been given the distinction of "Titan" because memory was so important and basic to the oral culture of the Greeks that they deemed her one of the essential building blocks of civilization in their creation myth.[8]

Later, once

Muses and Memory" (emphasis added).[9] Aristophanes also harked back to the tradition in his play Lysistrata when a drunken Spartan ambassador invokes her name while prancing around pretending to be a bard from times of yore.[10]

Cult

Mnemosyne (also known as Lamp of Memory or Ricordanza) by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (c. 1876 to 1881).
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While not one of the most popular divinities, Mnemosyne was the subject of some minor worship in Ancient Greece. Statues of her are mentioned in the sanctuaries of other gods, and she was often depicted alongside her daughters the Muses. She was also worshipped in Lebadeia in Boeotia, at Mount Helicon in Boeotia, and in the cult of Asclepius.

There was a statue of Mnemosyne in the shrine of Dionysos at Athens, alongside the statues of the Muses, Zeus and Apollo,

Trophonios
:

[Part of the rituals at the oracle of Trophonios (Trophonius) at Lebadeia, Boiotia (Boeotia):] He [the supplicant] is taken by the priests, not at once to the oracle, but to fountains of water very near to each other. Here he must drink water called the water of Lethe (Forgetfulness), that he may forget all that he has been thinking of hitherto, and afterwards he drinks of another water, the water of Mnemosyne (Memory), which causes him to remember what he sees after his descent ... After his ascent from [the oracle of] Trophonios the inquirer is again taken in hand by the priests, who set him upon a chair called the chair of Mnemosyne (Memory), which stands not far from the shrine, and they ask of him, when seated there, all he has seen or learned. After gaining this information they then entrust him to his relatives. These lift him, paralysed with terror and unconscious both of himself and of his surroundings, and carry him to the building where he lodged before with Tykhe (Tyche, Fortune) and the Daimon Agathon (Good Spirit). Afterwards, however, he will recover all his faculties, and the power to laugh will return to him.[13]

Mnemosyne was also sometime regarded as being not the mother of the Muses but as one of them, and as such she was worshiped in the sanctuary of the Muses at Mount Helicon in Boeotia:

The first to sacrifice on Helikon (Helicon) to the Mousai (Muses) and to call the mountain sacred to the Mousai were, they say, Ephialtes and Otos (Otus), who also founded Askra ... The sons of Aloeus held that the Mousai were three in number, and gave them the names Melete (Practice), Mneme (Memory), and Aoide (Aeode, Song). But they say that afterwards Pieros (Pierus), a Makedonian (Macedonian) ... came to Thespiae [in Boiotia] and established nine Mousai, changing their names to the present ones ... Mimnermos [epic poet C7th B.C.] ... says in the preface that the elder Mousai (Muses) are the daughters of Ouranos (Uranus), and that there are other and younger Mousai, children of Zeus.[14]

Cult of Asclepius

Mnemosyne was one of the

Asclepeion to incubate.[15] The hope was that a prayer to Mnemosyne would help the supplicant remember any visions had while sleeping there.[16]

Genealogy

Mnemosyne's family tree [17]
Gaia
Pontus
OceanusTethysHyperionTheiaCriusEurybia
The RiversThe OceanidsHeliosSelene [18]EosAstraeusPallasPerses
Phoebe
HestiaHeraHadesZeusLetoAsteria
DemeterPoseidon
Asia) [19]
MNEMOSYNE(Zeus)Themis
Epimetheus
The MusesThe Horae

See also

References

  1. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). Jones, Sir Henry Stuart; McKenzie, Roderick (eds.). "μνήμη". A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  2. ^ Memory and the name Memnon, as in "Memnon of Rhodes" are etymologically related. Mnemosyne is sometimes confused with Mneme or compared with Memoria.
  3. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 135; Diodorus Siculus, 5.66.3; Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions 31.
  4. Fabulae Preface
  5. ^ Richard Janko, "Forgetfulness in the Golden Tablets of Memory", Classical Quarterly 34 (1984) 89–100; see article "Totenpass" for the reconstructed devotional which instructs the initiated soul through the landscape of Hades, including the pool of Memory.
  6. ^ "Lethe | Greek mythology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780415046015
    .
  8. ^
    JSTOR 283194
    .
  9. ^ Plato 1924, p. 393.
  10. ^ "Aristophanes, Lysistrata, line 1247". www.perseus.tufts.edu.
  11. ^ Pausanias, 1.2.5 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.)
  12. ^ Pausanias, 8.46.3
  13. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 39. 3
  14. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 29. 1
  15. ^
    S2CID 162319084
    .
  16. ^
    ISBN 978-91-7447-335-3
    .
  17. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 132–138, 337–411, 453–520, 901–906, 915–920; Caldwell, pp. 8–11, tables 11–14.
  18. ^ Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in Hesiod, Theogony 371–374, in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes (4), 99–100, Selene is instead made the daughter of Pallas the son of Megamedes.
  19. Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys, at Hesiod, Theogony 351, was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus, while according to Apollodorus, 1.2.3
    , another Oceanid, Asia was their mother by Iapetus.
  20. Cleito
    .
  21. ^ In Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 18, 211, 873 (Sommerstein, pp. 444–445 n. 2, 446–447 n. 24, 538–539 n. 113) Prometheus is made to be the son of Themis.

Sources

Further reading

External links
Look up Mnemosyne in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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