Hindu reform movements
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Contemporary groups, collectively termed Hindu reform movements, reform Hinduism,
History
From the 18th century onward India was being colonialised by the
Social reform movements
In social work,
Religious movements
Brahmo Samaj
The
Brahmo Samaj of South India
The faith and Principles of Brahmo Samaj had spread to South Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala with many followers.
In Kerala the faith and principles of Brahmosamaj and Raja Ram Mohun Roy had been propagated by Ayyathan Gopalan, and reform activities had been led by establishing Brahmosamaj in 1898 in the Calicut (now Kozhikode) region. Gopalan was a doctor by profession, but dedicated his life to Brahmosamaj, and was an active executive member of the Calcutta Sadharan Brahmosamaj until his death.[1][9][10][11][12][4][13][14]
Arya Samaj
The
It aimed to be a universal structure based on the authority of the Vedas. Dayananda stated that he wanted 'to make the world noble', i.e., to return Hinduism to its universality of the Vedas. To this end, the Arya Samaj started Shuddhi movement in early 20th century to bring back Hinduism to people converted to Islam and Christianity, set up schools and missionary organisations, and extended its activities outside India. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India in his book, The Discovery of India credits Arya Samaj in introducing proselytization in Hinduism.[16]
Ramakrishna Movement
Swami Vivekananda was a central personality in the development of another stream of Hinduism in late 19th century and the early 20th century that reconciled the devotional (bhakti-märga) path of his guru
See also
References
- ^ a b Bose 1884.
- ^ a b Beckerlegge 2006, p. 435.
- ^ Jones 1990.
- ^ a b Killingley 2019, pp. 36–53.
- ^ Michaels 2004.
- )
- ^ Dalit: The Downtrodden of India. Himansu Charan Sadangi. Isha books. 2008.
- ^ Farquhar 1915.
- ISSN 2231-4547.
- )
- ISBN 9780195326086
- )
- )
- ISBN 9781315554709
- ISBN 0-7661-3671-X
- ISBN 9789004043800.
arya samaj.
- OCLC 51942410.
- ^ www.anandamayi.org https://www.anandamayi.org/books/Bithika2.htm. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
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Sources
- Bose, Ram Chandra (1884). Brahmoism; or, History of reformed Hinduism from its origin in 1830. Funk & Wagnalls. OCLC 1032604831.
- Beckerlegge, Gwilym (2006). "Neo-Hinduism". In ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.
- Dense, Christian D. Von (1999), Philosophers and Religious Leaders, Greenwood Publishing Group
- Farquhar, John Nicol (1915). Modern religious movements in India. Robarts — University of Toronto. New York: Macmillan.
- Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2020.
- Jones, Kenneth W. (1990). "Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India". ISBN 0-521-24986-4.
- Killingley, Dermot (2019). "Rammohun Roy and the Bengal Renaissance". The Oxford History of Hinduism: Modern Hinduism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 36–53. ISBN 9780198790839.
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Mukerji, Mādhava Bithika (1983), Neo-Vedanta and Modernity, Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan
- Renard, Philip (2010), Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip
- J. Zavos, Defending Hindu Tradition: Sanatana Dharma as a Symbol of Orthodoxy in Colonial India, Religion (Academic Press), Volume 31, Number 2, April 2001, pp. 109–123.
- Ghanshyam Shah, Social Movements in India: A Review of the Literature, New Delhi, Sage India, 2nd ed. (2004) ISBN 0-7619-9833-0
External links
