Modernization under Haile Selassie
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History of Ethiopia | |
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1314–1344 |
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Part of a series on the |
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History of Ethiopia | ||||
Early history
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Amda Seyon's Expansions | 1314–1344 |
Oromo migrations | 1543 – 17th cent. |
Habesh Eyalet | 1557 – 17th cent. |
Gondarine period | 1632–1769 |
Zemene Mesafint | 1769–1855 |
Ottoman border conflict | 1832–1848 |
Second Italo–Ethiopian War | 1935–1936 |
Italian East Africa | 1936–1941 |
World War II | 1941 |
Italian guerrilla war | 1941–1943 |
Federation with Eritrea | 1952–1962 |
Eritrean Independence War | 1961–1991 |
Ethiopian Civil War | 1974–1991 |
Ogaden War | 1977–1978 |
Many changes were made during the reign of
Many of the details of the modernizations made before the fascist invasion during the
Modernization was temporarily interrupted in 1935 following the invasion of Ethiopia by fascist Italy, eventually culminating in the
Slavery as practiced in what is modern Ethiopia and Eritrea was essentially domestic. Slaves thus served in the houses of their masters or mistresses and were not employed to any significant extent for productive purpose. Among the Amhara and Tigray slaves were normally regarded as second-class members of their owners' family.[2] and were fed, clothed and protected[citation needed]. They generally roamed around freely and conducted business as free people. They had complete freedom of religion and culture.[citation needed] The first attempt to abolish slavery in Ethiopia was made by Emperor Tewodros II (r. 1855–1868),[3] but the slave trade was not abolished completely until 1923 with Ethiopia's accession to the League of Nations.[4] The Anti-Slavery Society estimated there were 2 million slaves in the early 1930s out of an estimated population of between 8 and 16 million.[5]
He described in the whole of Chapter 14 his efforts to eradicate slavery, which he noted was a persistent custom in Ethiopia arising from intertribal wars, where the captured slaves could hardly be distinguished in appearance from their owners and sometimes even married them. The slave trade had already been banned unsuccessfully by his predecessors Tewodros II, Yohannes IV and Menelik II. Beginning in 1924, Haile Selassie I began doing everything possible to liberate all remaining slaves in Ethiopia, enrolling many of them in education programs.
Despite all this, Haile Selassie asserted that Benito Mussolini's propaganda agents (Haile Selassie singled out the Italian consul at Harar in particular) were constantly broadcasting to the world many false reports that slavery was still being promoted in Ethiopia, in an attempt to influence world opinion against Ethiopia, have Ethiopia indicted in the League of Nations, and create a casus belli for the invasion, genocide, and attempted recolonization of Ethiopia with Italians.[1]
The institution of slavery was again abolished by order of the Italian occupying forces.[6] On 26 August 1942, during the Second Modernization, Haile Selassie issued a proclamation completely outlawing all slavery.[7]
Following the Second World War, Haile Selassie opened Ethiopia's first university. The University College of Addis Ababa was founded in 1950. In 1962, it was renamed Haile Selassie I University but is currently known as
In 1955, the
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: CS1 maint: others (link Years in Ethiopia (1855–present) | |
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19th century | |
20th century |
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21st century |